臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，由於油價高漲和環保意識的抬頭，許多民眾開始將住家安裝上各種太陽電池模組系統，期盼藉由這種再生能源可循環發電的優勢，來減少對地球的污染和節省電費的開銷。也因如此，建材一體化模組(BIPV)也漸漸受到重視，但是很多人對於如何將各種太陽模組安裝於居家建築上，才能發揮最大的發電效益仍充滿著一知半解，因其中需考量安裝電池模組的方位、傾斜角度以及附近是否有遮陰物等環境因素，這些都會影響太陽電池的發電量，另外也須考量太陽電池模組其物理特性，是否適合安裝於住家上，所以本論文主要研究目的為探討不同環境因素對太陽電池模組發電效益的影響。
從本論文研究結果可得知，當架設不同1kW太陽電池模組系統於四季在不同方位和固定傾斜角0度、90度與23.5度其發電量相較之下，0度角整年的發電量會稍小於23.5度，但90度發電量則會少於23.5度的一半。另外當模組進行單條電池遮陰時，會因為該區域產生一串聯電阻的關係，導致白斑現象的產生和發電瓦數下降。而本研究在對太陽電池進行水平或垂直模組線遮陰時，發現遮陰方向為垂直時，比起平行方向遮陰太陽能模組更可得到較好的發電效益。最後我們從物理特性實驗可以了解薄膜太陽電池模組比起大部分的建築基板，不管對於阻絕紫外光、紅外光線以及隔熱性都有很好的效果，相信本論文的研究成果可供一般民眾或建商在安裝太陽電池系統時，有著更好的參考依據和可靠性。

Recently, due to rising oil prices and environmental consciousness, people start to install photovoltaic systems to generate green energy, and expect to decrease pollution on Earth and to save on electrical bills. As a result, building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) attracts more and more attentions. However, there is still little information about maximizing benefits of generating solar electricity, since it involves complicated considerations such as PV module tilt angle, facing direction and shading effect. Physical properties of PV modules should also be taken into account for installation. This thesis aims to investigate environmental effects on power generation of PV modules.
From the experimental results, it is found that for 1 kW PV module the annual power generation for the tilt angle of 90° (vertical) is only half of that for the tilt angle of 23.5°. The module with the tilt angle of 0° (horizontal) has an intermediate annual power output. For the shading effect investigations, it is found that when shading on one sub-cell in a module, white spots are formed due to the enormously increased series resistance, thus lowering the power generation. Also, the vertical (to the module lines) shaded module can have higher retaining power output than the parallel shading module. Finally, from the module physical property test, thin film PV modules exhibit greater capabilities of isolation of heat, ultraviolet light and infrared light. In summary, this thesis can be expected to provide relevant and reliable information about practical installation for PV systems.

第一章 導論
1.1 太陽能源簡述與發展---------------------------------------------------1
1.2 BIPV建築一體化概述--------------------------------------------------3
1.3 太陽光照方位的影響性------------------------------------------------4
1.4 研究動機與目的---------------------------------------------------------5
第二章 太陽能電池基礎理論
2.1 薄膜太陽能電池介紹---------------------------------------------------8
2.1.1 薄膜太陽能電池-------------------------------------------------8
2.1.2 圖像化薄膜太陽能電池--------------------------------------12
2.2 太陽能電池原理-------------------------------------------------------14
2.2.1 太陽能電池等效電路-----------------------------------------15
2.2.2 太陽能電池之電流-電壓(I-V)特性-------------------------16
2.2.3 模組絕對和相對效率計算方式-----------------------------19
2.3 太陽能模組陣列系統-------------------------------------------------19
2.3.1 併聯型太陽能系統--------------------------------------------21
2.3.2 獨立型太陽能系統--------------------------------------------22
第三章 實驗設計與規劃
3.1 實驗流程圖-------------------------------------------------------------24
3.2 實驗用之太陽電池模組介紹----------------------------------------25
3.3 實驗步驟說明----------------------------------------------------------27
3.3.1 不同方位角及傾斜角-----------------------------------------27
3.3.2 不同遮陰方式--------------------------------------------------28
3.3.3 建材基板的物性比較-----------------------------------------31
3.4 量測機台簡介----------------------------------------------------------36
3.4.1 手持式太陽能電池I-V量測儀------------------------------36
3.4.2 熱輻射功率表--------------------------------------------------38
3.4.3 太陽光線穿透率量測儀--------------------------------------40
第四章 結果與討論
4.1 針對不同模組方位、傾斜角度電性量測---------------------------42
4.1.1 全年四季八個方位太陽日照總量--------------------------43
4.1.2 三種模組發電瓦數量測--------------------------------------51
4.1.3 三種模組分別安裝1kW系統量測八個方位之全年發電量-----------------------------------------------------------------56
4.1.4 不同照度下影響三種太陽電池模組之I-V特性---------59
4.2 不同遮陰方式電性量測----------------------------------------------66
4.2.1 模組單條電池遮陰--------------------------------------------66
4.2.2 以遮蔽不同平行、垂直模組線面積量測------------------72
4.2.3 以不同遮陽板尺寸和角度量測-----------------------------78
4.3 建材基板的物性比較-------------------------------------------------81
4.3.1建材基板的光學試驗------------------------------------------81
4.3.2 不同建材基板日射穿透率比較-----------------------------82
4.3.3 不同建材基板的隔熱性能比較-----------------------------83
第五章 結論-----------------------------------------------------------------------85
第六章 未來規劃-----------------------------------------------------------------88
參考文獻----------------------------------------------------------------------------89

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