臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要呈現一種藉由阻抗量測觀察多個單一細胞的微流電極晶片，利用細胞阻抗量測來觀察單一細胞於微流晶片裡的生長情形。目前利用電性量測來觀察細胞大概可分為群體細胞研究與單一細胞研究。其中，群體細胞研究係將量測結果進行平均之後當作單一細胞的生長情形，但無法避免細胞之間的相互影響；而單一細胞的研究大多結合微流道或者流式細胞儀來達到量測單一細胞的效果，目前的研究結果大多只量測單一個細胞而非多個單一細胞，並無法得知同種細胞的平均生長情形。
本研究使用阻抗分析觀察量測區域內的電特性，並成功建立出符合其物理意義的等效電路模型，以實際量化其阻抗量測結果。首先，將不同的溶液(PBS以及培養液)注入晶片中觀察其阻抗特性，之後將三種不同種類的細胞(肺腺癌細胞A549、動物腎上皮細胞MDCK以及子宮頸癌細胞HeLa )分別注入晶片中，並使用阻抗分析儀來量測細胞阻抗；其頻率範圍選用600 Hz~100 kHz、電壓輸入範圍選用0.1 V~1.0 V 進行定電壓阻抗量測，藉由其阻抗量測結果可以明確分辨出不同種類的細胞。利用其等校電路模型之擬合運算，可以詳細得知細胞相對應得電子元件數值，如細胞膜電阻、細胞膜電容與細胞質電阻。當量測電壓為1.0 V時，相較於0.7 V之阻抗量測結果會有明顯降低的情形，且等效電路擬合之相位角出現了不吻合的情況。因此我們推論，輸入的電壓過大將會導致細胞膜表面有些微的穿孔現象發生，故本研究最後使用微流電極晶片產生細胞電穿孔效應，並同時使用阻抗量測與細胞染色來觀察驗證細胞膜穿孔前與穿孔後之差異。

In this thesis, we present a microfluidic device with microelectrodes array which is capable of measuring the impedance of single cells and providing electrical impulse for electroporation of single cell. Single cells are captured in microstructures using fluidic transmission. The device includes a glass substrate with electrodes array and PDMS with main channels, branch channels and capturing areas. An equivalent circuit model of flow resistance is used to study the flow of microfluidic device. According to analytical results, single cells are able to be captured in specific areas experimentally.
In this study, the impedance of single cells and medium is successfully measured by impedance spectroscopy. An equivalent circuit model of impedance is established and fits closely to the experimental results. The system is operated at frequency between 600 Hz and 100 kHz, and the operating voltage is from 0.1 V to 1.0 V. The resistance and capacitance of cell membrane and the resistance of cytoplasm are measured by the simulation of equivalent circuit model of impedance.
Finally, the electrodes array is used to provide the electrical pulse to cell for electroporation. The amplitude of electrical impulse 2.2 Vpp may be used to open the ionic channels of the cell membrane for the future application of electroporation. The cell electroporation is observed both by optical microscope to record the entrance of Trypan blue stain and impedance measurement.

摘要 II
Abstract IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.2研究目的 5
1.3 文獻回顧 6
1.3.1 細胞實驗室 ( The lab in a cell ) 7
1.3.2實驗室晶片 ( Lab-on-a-chip ) 7
1.3.3 細胞阻抗量測裝置 ( Cell impedance measurement ) 9
1.3.4 電穿孔效應( Electroporation ) 13
1.4 論文架構 16
第二章 相關知識與技術 17
2.1 MDCK簡介 17
2.2 HeLa簡介 18
2.3 A549簡介 19
2.4 流體力學-雷諾數（Reynolds number） 20
2.5 阻抗分析( Impedance analysis )[36] 22
2.6 電穿孔效應( Electroporation ) 24
2.7 細胞培養 26
2.8 細胞繼代步驟 28
第三章 微流電極晶片之結構設計與製作 29
3.1 微流道與電極設計 29
3.1.1 微流道設計 29
3.1.2 有限元素模擬分析 32
3.1.3 電極晶片設計 33
3.2 微流晶片與電極晶片製作 35
3.2.1 黃光微影製程 36
3.2.2 Lift-off製程 39
3.2.3 PDMS結構製作 40
3.2.4 晶片對準與接合 42
第四章 實驗配置與流程 44
4.1 實驗設備 44
4.2 實驗操作流程 45
4.2.1 細胞培養與準備 46
4.2.2 抓取多個單一細胞 46
4.2.3 細胞阻抗量測 47
4.2.4 細胞電穿孔 48
第五章 實驗結果與討論 50
5.1 製程結果分析 50
5.1.1 電極晶片製程分析 50
5.1.2 接合製程分析 52
5.2 等效電路圖模擬分析與討論 53
5.3 阻抗分析討論 60
5.3.1 不同溶液之阻抗量測結果 60
5.3.2 細胞之阻抗量測結果分析 62
5.3.3 不同細胞之阻抗分析比較 64
5.3.4 相同細胞於不同位置下的阻抗分析 66
5.4 細胞電穿孔 ( Cell electroporation ) 68
第六章 結論與未來展望 72
6.1 結論 72
6.2 未來展望 74
參考文獻 76

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