臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鈦合金具有耐蝕性、比強度高及延展性佳等特性，已廣泛應用在航太、石化及生醫工業等方面。目前市場應用最廣泛的鈦合金為Ti-6Al-4V，室溫下為α+β雙相型鈦合金。本研究使用含有高含量β穩定元素之Ti-22V-4Al合金，利用β型鈦合金優異加工性與熱處理析出強化形成α+β雙相基地進而評估高強度薄片應用可行性。此外，鈦金屬應用在核能電廠或光電玻璃面板所需研磨漿料之輸送管路上，容易發生嚴重的沖蝕磨耗破壞問題。因此，本研究利用二階段熱處理(650°C-1hr+450°C-8hr)與低溫時效處理製程
，檢討不同析出型態α相基地之機械性質與對沖蝕磨耗率之影響。再者，實驗將β型鈦合金進行高溫滲氮處理後試料表面形成TiN+TiO2 硬質層，從而探討表面硬化處理與沖蝕磨耗率相關性。沖蝕試驗選用之顆粒粒徑約275 μm 之Al2O3，且沖蝕壓力為3 kgf/cm2。
實驗結果顯示，二階段熱處理試料在機械性質(拉伸、彎折)與沖蝕磨耗方面均優於熱處理前的β型鈦合金與低溫時效處理材，可確認α相的析出具有主導性，且二階段熱處理試片之拉伸應變敏感性不顯著。滲氮表面硬化處理證實TiN+TiO2 硬質層改善中低角度的沖蝕磨耗率因脆性破壞機制而提升在中低角度磨耗阻抗，使最大沖蝕磨耗率往高角度偏移。

Titanium has been widely used in aviation, petroleum, chemistry and biological medicine industry because of its good corrosion resistance, low density, high mechanical strength and good ductility. Currently Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used titanium alloy on the market, and at room temperature it is α + β titanium alloy. In this study, we selected containing higher levels β stabilizing element Ti-22V-4Al alloy, using of β-type titanium alloy with excellent workability, precipitation hardening by heat treatment for the α + β phase characteristics in order to assess the feasibility of high-strength sheet application. Besides, titanium will face erosion wear problems when it is used in nuclear power plants or delivery pipe of grinding liquid used for photoelectrical glass plate. Therefore, this study used two-step heat treatment (650°C-1hr+450°C-8hr) and aging treatment process, discussing the effects of different precipitation types of α phase on the mechanical properties and the erosion behavior. Furthermore, high temperature nitrogen diffusion process formed the hard layer of TiN + TiO2 at β-type titanium alloy surface, so as to explore the correlation between surface hardening treatment layer and erosion rate. The Al2O3 particles with 275 μm were selected as the erodent and the impact pressure was 3 kgf/cm2.
The results indicate that two-step heat treatment is better than β-type titanium alloy before heat treatment and with low temperature aging treatment in the mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending) and erosion wear test. It confirms that the precipitation of α phase is dominant, and the sample of two-step heat treatment is not sensitive to strain rate. The surface hardening treatment of nitrogen diffusion proves that the hard layer of TiN+TiO2 improves the low angle erosion rate, and the maximum erosion rate shifts to the high angle because of the brittle fracture mechanism.

總目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
總目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 前言 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2研究動機與目的 2
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 3
2-1鈦金屬簡介 3
2-2純鈦基本性質 4
2-3合金元素添加對鈦合金的影響 4
2-4鈦合金分類 5
2-4-1 α型鈦合金 6
2-4-2 β型鈦合金 6
2-4-3 α+β型鈦合金 7
2-5金屬薄化與應力集中效應 7
2-6二階段熱處理目的 8
2-7粒沖蝕磨耗行為與機構相關研究 8
2-7-1粒沖蝕磨耗定義與變因 8
2-7-2粒沖蝕角度對材料沖蝕磨耗行為之影響 9
2-7-3料機械性質與沖蝕磨耗之關係 10
2-8硬化處理 11
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 17
3-1實驗流程概述 17
3-2 實驗材料組成與試片製備 17
3-3 顯微組織觀察與成份分析 18
3-4 X光繞射光譜分析 18
3-5 化學分析電子能譜儀(ESCA) 19
3-6 穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)分析 19
3-7 拉伸試驗及硬度測試 19
3-8 奈米壓痕試驗機(Nano indenter)-硬度與楊氏係數量測 20
3-9 彎折試驗觀測裂紋傳播 21
3-10沖蝕磨耗試驗 21
第四章 實驗結果 31
4-1 Ti-22V-4Al beta型鈦合金顯微組織特性 31
4-1-1熱處理製程對基地組織之影響 31
4-2 Ti-22V-4Al薄片機械性質分析 33
4-2-1拉伸速率與材料破壞韌性關係 33
4-2-2 彎折試驗下裂紋傳播機制探討 35
4-3 Ti-22V-4Al沖蝕磨耗特性 36
4-3-1 沖蝕磨耗與沖蝕角度之關係 36
4-3-2沖蝕磨耗表面與次表面特徵觀察 37
4-4滲氮表面硬化熱處理 39
4-4-1滲氮熱處理顯微組織特性 39
4-4-2滲氮熱處理沖蝕磨耗特性 41
第五章 結論 83
第六章 參考文獻 84

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