臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文使用全像干涉技術來製作液晶聚合物薄膜(holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, HPDLC)準光子晶體，並研究其產生雷射之特性。本實驗架構分成三部分，第一部分為尋找最佳化參數，藉由雙道光干涉來形成全像光柵，同時利用He-Ne雷射光即時觀測樣品的繞射曲線，藉由繞射曲線來選擇各材料最佳化的濃度比例；第二部分為利用最佳化的濃度比例製作HPDLC準光子晶體，實驗上使用兩道同調光干涉並配合樣品旋轉八次和十二次，曝光結束後利用He-Ne雷射光來觀察樣品的遠場繞射，從樣品的遠場繞射可以驗證樣品分別具有八次和十二次的旋轉對稱性，並藉由布拉格定律(Bragg’s law)可得到樣品的倒晶格向量。另外，我們也可以從寫入光的波向量之線性組合來計算倒晶格向量理論值，計算結果與實驗量測相當符合；第三部分為準光子晶體雷射的測量，使用調Q Nd-YAG脈衝雷射作為激發光源，觀察樣品產生雷射的波段、雷射閥值及雷射方向。另一方面，我們也從布里淵區(Brillouin zone)邊界來推估慢光(slow light)的波長以及雷射的方向，實驗結果與理論分析相當符合。

In this thesis, lasing characteristics of photonic quasi-crystals (PQCs) based on holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs) are investigated. There are mainly three parts in this thesis. Firstly, we use two mutually coherent laser beams to form a holographic grating; in the meantime, a He-Ne laser is used as a probe beam monitoring the dynamical diffraction. By changing the weight percentage of HPDLC composite, an optimized weight percentage is obtained. Secondary, an optimized two-beam interference with multi-exposures is utilized to fabricate two types of PQCs, one is 8-fold rotational symmetry and the other is 12-fold rotational symmetry. The symmetries and reciprocal lattice vectors of PQCs are confirmed from the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern and the Bragg’s diffraction. The experimental results agree well with the calculation based on the superposition of wavevectors of writing beams. Thirdly, a Q-switching Nd-YAG laser pulse is used as a pumping source to excite the laser-dye-doped PQCs, the measured wavelengths and the directions of lasing from the PQCs agree well with the theoretical values which are calculated from the boundary of the Brillouin zone.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
第一章 緒論 1
§1-1 前言 1
§1-2 論文結構 3
第二章 液晶簡介 4
§2-1液晶的起源 4
§2-2液晶的介紹 4
§2-3液晶的分類 6
第三章 液晶的物理特性 23
§3-1液晶的秩序參數 (order parameter) 23
§3-2液晶的連續彈性體理論 25
§3-3物理異向性 (anisotropy) 27
3-3-1導磁異向性 (magnetic anisotropy) 27
3-3-2介電異向性 (dielectric anisotropy) 30
3-3-3外加電場引致的光電現象 39
3-3-4光波在各向異性介質內的傳播 41
3-3-5折射率橢圓球 (index ellipsoid) 47
第四章 液晶聚合物薄膜 50
§4-1液晶聚合物薄膜 (polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, PDLC) 50
4-1-1 PDLC元件 50
4-1-2 PDLC的製作方式 51
4-1-3 液晶球內部的結構 52
§4-2全像液晶聚合物薄膜 (holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, HPDLC) 54
4-2-1 HPDLC元件 54
4-2-2 HPDLC相分離機制 58
4-2-3利用全像干涉製作光子晶體和準光子晶體 59
第五章 實驗相關理論 62
§5-1全像術簡介 62
§5-2光柵種類 65
§5-3影響全像光柵結構的因素 69
§5-4全像干涉與倒晶格向量的關係 71
5-4-1準晶體製作方式 72
5-4-2具八重旋轉對稱性之準光子晶體的倒晶格空間 72
5-4-3具十二重旋轉對稱性之準光子晶體的倒晶格空間 74
§5-5倒晶格向量和遠場繞射點的關係 75
§5-6布里淵區和晶體繞射條件的關係 81
§5-7雷射原理 85
§5-8光化學 (photochemistry) 90
第六章 實驗材料、方法與流程 94
§6-1樣品配置 94
6-1-1材料介紹 94
6-1-2樣品製作 98
§6-2實驗動機與架設 100
§6-3實驗流程 102
§6-4數值模擬方式 105
第七章 實驗結果與數值模擬分析 108
§7-1選定最佳化材料參數 108
7-1-1以液晶濃度為變因的實驗結果 108
7-1-2以光起始劑濃度為變因的實驗結果 113
7-1-3以曝光強度為變因的實驗結果 115
§7-2準光子晶體之模擬和實驗結果 116
7-2-1 八重準光子晶體的Matlab模擬 116
7-2-2 八重準光子晶體的遠場繞射 117
7-2-3 十二重準光子晶體的Matlab模擬 123
7-2-4 十二重準光子晶體的遠場繞射 124
§7-3準光子晶體雷射的測量與討論 126
7-3-1 八重準光子晶體的實驗結果 126
7-3-2 八重準光子晶體的實驗討論 127
7-3-3 十二重準光子晶體的實驗結果 135
7-3-4 十二重準光子晶體的實驗討論 137
7-3-5 兩類準光子晶體的比較 145
第八章 結論與未來之展望 147
§8-1結論 147
§8-2未來展望 148
參考文獻(References) 150

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