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研究生:陳蔚銘
研究生(外文):Wei-MingChen
論文名稱:可重組態非接觸式充電電路設計
論文名稱(外文):Circuit Design of a Reconfigurable Contactless Charger
指導教授:郭泰豪
指導教授(外文):Tai-Haur Kuo
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:電機工程學系碩博士班
學門:工程學門
學類:電資工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2012
畢業學年度:101
語文別:英文
論文頁數:89
中文關鍵詞:非接觸式充電可重組態充電電路
外文關鍵詞:Contactless chargingReconfigurable charger
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  非接觸式充電因其便利性、安全性及可靠度,成為取代傳統有線式充電器之潛力技術,但轉換效率仍為尚待解決之問題。本論文實現一非接觸充電系統,此系統傳送器及接收器兩大部份構成。傳送器以功率電晶體、閘極驅動器等離散元件完成原型,接收器充電電路部份則以積體電路設計實現。本論文針對接收器充電電路提出兩種設計,藉以改善非接觸式充電系統效率。首先,一般鋰電池充電過程包含定電流及定電壓模式,本論文提出之可重組態架構在定電流模式採用切換式架構以得到高轉換效率;進入定電壓模式後,輸入與輸出電壓差變小,充電電流降低,此時將充電電路切換至線性式架構,去除切換式架構在輕載時因高頻操作帶來的大量切換損耗,改善定電壓模式轉換效率,線性式架構同時可避免輸出電壓漣波造成判斷誤差,增加充電準確度。此外,在定電流模式充電階段,本論文設計多段電流充電方式,隨電池電壓上升逐步降低充電電流,同時改善定電流充電時之轉換效率。
  本論文使用TSMC 0.35um 2P4M 3.3V/5V混合訊號互補式金氧半導體製程製作。晶片面積為0.996 x 1.272 mm2,充電電路設計規格輸入電壓為5V±10%、輸出電壓範圍為1.2V至4.5V、操作頻率為150kHz至2.3MHz,輕載效率改善達13.97%。此外,以Panasonic 18650CSR鋰電池進行實際量測結果顯示,電池電壓從2.5V至4.2V皆可正常運作,最高轉換效率為85.7%。

  Contactless charging is emerging as a potential technology to replace conventional wired charger because of its convenience, safety, and reliability. However, the conversion efficiency is still a problem to be solved. A contactless charger system composed of transmitter and receiver is implemented in this thesis. The prototype of transmitter is realized by power MOSFETs and gate driver. The receiver is implemented by integrated circuit design. Generally, charging procedure of battery consists of trickle-current (TC), constant-current (CC), and constant-voltage (CV) modes. The proposed reconfigurable charger circuit uses switching-mode charger in CC mode to achieve high conversion efficiency. While charging mode enters CV mode, the proposed reconfigurable charger adopts low-dropout linear (LDO) charger to reduce high switching power loss at light load. So the light-load conversion efficiency is also improved. In addition, the proposed multi-step charging current in CC mode is also step down charging current as battery voltage rising, which makes the conversion efficiency in CC mode improved.
  The proposed reconfigurable charger circuit is fabricated with TSMC 0.35um 2P4M 3.3/5V Mixed-Signal CMOS process. The total chip area is 0.996 x 1.272 mm2. Verification results show that the maximum conversion efficiency is 85.7%.
1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 Motivation………………………………………………………………………4
1.2 Organization……………………………………………………………………6

2 Fundamentals of Contactless Charger……………………………………………8
2.1 Typical Architecture of Contactless Charger …………………………………8
2.1.1 Source …………………………………………………………………9
2.1.2 Transmitter………………………………………………………………9
2.1.3 Coupler…………………………………………………………………9
2.1.4 Coupler ………………………………………………………………13
2.1.5 Charger circuit ………………………………………………………13
2.1.6 Battery ………………………………………………………………14
2.2 Specification of Contactless Charger…………………………………………14
2.2.1 Conversion Efficiency ………………………………………………14
2.2.2 Coupling Efficiency…………………………………………………15
2.2.3 Charging Efficiency…………………………………………………15
2.2.4 Charging Accuracy……………………………………………………16
2.2.5 Quality Factor………………………………………………………17
2.2.6 Coupling Factor………………………………………………………17
2.3 Basic of Li-ion Battery………………………………………………………18
2.3.1 Specification…………………………………………………………19
2.3.2 Battery Model Derivation……………………………………………19
2.3.3 Charging Algorithm…………………………………………………21

3 System Design of Contactless Charger ………………………23
3.1 Proposed Contactless Charger ………………………………………………23
3.1.1 Equivalent Circuit Model of Magnetic Inductive Coupler ………….24
3.1.2 Operational Principle ………………………………………………..26
3.2 Design of Transmitter and Receiver ………………………………………...27
3.2.1 Topology Selection …………………………………………………..27
3.2.2 Component Selection ………………………………………………..31
3.3 Design of Charger Circuit …………………….…………………………….31
3.3.1 Power Loss Analysis ……………………………...…………………32
3.3.2 Proposed Reconfigurable Battery Charger …..………………………38
3.3.3 Proposed Multi-step Charging Current ……………………………...39
3.4 Switching-mode Charger …………………………………………………...40
3.4.1 Average-Current Mode Control ……………………………………..40
3.4.2 Small-signal Analysis ……………………………………………….42
3.4.3 Compensation Strategy ……………………………………………...47
3.5 LDO Charger ………………………………..………………………………48
3.5.1 Operation Principle of LDO …………………………………………48
3.5.2 Accuracy of LDO Charger …………………………………………..49
3.5.3 Stability of LDO Charger ……………………………………………51

4 Circuit Design ………………………………………………….53
4.1 The Architecture of Charger Circuit ………………………………………..53
4.2 Power Stage of Switching-mode Charger …………………………………..56
4.3 Control Core ………………………………………………………………...57
4.4 Multi-Vref Generator ………………………………………………………...59
4.5 PWM Generator …………………………………………………….............60
4.6 Dead-time Driver …………………………………………………………...63
4.7 Compensator of Switching-mode Charger ………………………….............65
4.8 LDO Charger ………………………………………………………………..68
4.9 Simulation Result …………………………………………………………...70

5 Layout and Measurement Setup ……………………………..72
5.1 IC Layout …………………………………………………………………...72
5.2 Measurement Setup …………………………………………………………73
5.3 Comparisons ………………………………………………………………..75
5.4 Measurement Result ………………………………………………………..77
5.4.1 Function Verification ………………………………………………..77
5.4.2 Coupling Efficiency.. ………………………………………………..79
5.4.2 Conversion Efficiency ……………………………………………….80
5.4.3 Performance Summary ………………………………………………85

6 Conclusions and Future Work ………………………………..86

References...........................................................87
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