臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

氣候變遷越來越受到關注。大多數的研究認為造成全球暖化最大的原因是溫室氣體（GHGs）的排放，而二氧化碳就是溫室氣體的主要來源。為了減緩氣候變遷的步伐，碳捕獲與封存(CCS)技術已經廣泛的應用二氧化碳的捕捉與封存上。
近年來，透過微藻進行生物捕捉二氧化碳並利用微藻進行下游應用已成為一個受關注的方法。微藻在生長期間可捕捉二氧化碳並同時生產具有保健功用的藻藍素(C-PC)。藻藍素為藍藻中的藍色捕光色素，其具有螢光性與抗氧化能力，因此藻藍素被認定為有助於健康的成分可應用於保健食品當中。藻藍素不僅可用作食品和化妝品的營養成分和天然染料，也可作為潛在治療劑治療因氧化反應所引起的疾病，更可成為生物醫學研究中的螢光標記物。
光強度和光源可能是影響微藻藻膽蛋白積累的關鍵因素。此外為了將來應用於戶外培養，須了解光週期對藻藍素生產的影響。在本研究中，利用嗜熱藍綠菌Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1（TCL-1）以評估光在不同光照強度（500、1,000、1,500、2,000 μE m-2 s-1），光源（白光和紅光）與光週期（光:暗=12小時:12小時）培養下其生質體產率、二氧化碳固定速率和藻藍素產率的影響。
研究結果顯示，最大生質體產率發生在以紅光為光源且光照強度為2,000 μE m-2 s-1連續光照培養下，最大生質體產率為1.35 g L-1 d-1。最大固碳速率發生在以白光為光源且光照強度為2,000 μE m-2 s-1連續光照培養下為2.29 g L-1 d-1。最大藻藍素產率則發生在以白光為光源且光照強度為1,000 μE m-2 s-1連續光照培養下為123 mg L-1 d-1。
由本研究之結果可知，固碳速率與藻藍素產率其最大影響因素皆在於生質體產率，其次才為細胞中碳含量與藻藍素含量。因此將本研究之因子綜合比較後，發現在以白光為光源且光照強度為1,000 μE m-2 s-1連續光照培養下有較經濟優勢的生質體產率、固碳速率與藻藍素產率。

Climate change is a growing concern. Most of the researches indicate that it is mainly resulted from green house gases (GHGs) emission among which carbon dioxide plays the major source. To mitigate climate change, carbon capture and storge (CCS) has been applied worldwide to capture and store carbon dioxide.
Biofixation using microalgae has recently become an attractive approach to CO2 capture and recycling with additional benefits of downstream utilization and applications of the produced microalgal biomass. Microalgae produces nutraceutical product C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and simultaneously mitigates CO2 emissions during its growth. Phycocyanin (PC) is a blue, light-harvesting pigment in cyanobacteria. C-PC is considered as a healthy ingredient in cyanobacterial-based foods and health foods with fluorescent and antioxidative properties. It can be used as nutrient ingredients and natural dyes for food and cosmetics potential therapeutic agent in oxidative stress-induced diseases, and as fluorescent markers in biomedical research.
Light intensity and light quality are two critical factors that influence the accumulation of phycobiliproteins in microalgae. In addition, as outdoor cultivation in the future is considered, the research of the light/dark cycle which affects the production of C-PC is also need. In this study, a thermophilic cyanobacterium named Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 (TCL-1) was cultivated to evaluate the effects of light intensities(500、1,000、1,500 and 2,000 μE m-2 s-1), light quality (white light and red light) and light/dark cycle(light: dark=12h:12h) on the CO2 fixation ability and C-PC production.
The result indicates that there was the maximum biomass productivity 1.35 g L-1 d-1 in continuous cultivation at light intensity of 2,000 μE m-2 s-1(red light). The maximum CO2 fixation rate was 2.29 g L-1 d-1 in continuous cultivation at light intensity of 2,000 μE m-2 s-1(white light). The maximum C-PC productivity was 123 mg L-1 d-1 in continuous cultivation at light intensity of 1,000 μE m-2 s-1(white light).
According to the results of this study, the greatest influence factor of the CO2 fixation rate and C-PC productivity was the biomass productivity, followed by the carbon and C-PC content of the cell. After comparing all the factors in this study, it was found that there was an economic advantage for TCL-1 cultivated in continuous illumination at light intensity of 1,000 μE m-2 s-1(white light) as its biomass productivity, CO2 fixation rate and C-PC are considered.

摘要 A
Abstract C
誌謝 E
目錄 F
表目錄 J
圖目錄 M
第 一 章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目標 6
第 二 章 文獻回顧 7
2-1 溫室氣體 7
2-2 全球暖化與溫室效應 8
2-3 二氧化碳處理方式 10
2-3-1 物理方式 11
2-3-2 化學方式 12
2-3-3 生物方式 16
2-4 微藻 19
2-4-1 微藻簡介 19
2-4-2 Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 21
2-4-3 光合作用 22
2-4-4 生長因子探討 28
2-4-5 生長曲線 32
2-4-6 生長模式簡介 33
2-4-7 培養系統 34
2-4-7-1 光生物反應器介紹 34
2-4-8 微藻主要產物 40
2-4-9 常見藻毒 41
2-5 藻膽蛋白 44
2-5-1 藻膽蛋白簡介 44
2-5-2 影響藻藍蛋白因子 47
2-5-3 藻藍蛋白應用 48
第 三 章 實驗材料及方法 52
3-1 實驗流程 52
3-2 反應器設計 53
3-3 實驗藥品與設備 55
3-3-1 培養基藥品 55
3-3-2 藻藍素分析藥品與器材 56
3-3-3 實驗器材 56
3-3-4 分析設備 58
3-4 實驗方法 59
3-4-1 藻源培養 59
3-4-2 批次培養 61
3-4-2-1 培養基配置 61
3-4-2-2 不同光週期培養 62
3-4-3 藻體分析 63
3-4-3-1 藻體細胞乾重測定 63
3-4-3-2 藻體細胞收集 64
3-4-3-3 固碳分析 65
3-4-4 藻藍素萃取 67
3-4-4-1 藻藍素萃取純化溶液配置 67
3-4-4-2 最適萃取方法之探討 68
3-4-4-3 藻藍素粗萃液製備 68
3-4-5 藻藍素純化 68
3-4-5-1 硫酸銨分劃 69
3-4-5-2 離子交換層析 69
3-4-6 藻藍素定量 70
3-4-7 藻毒分析 73
第 四 章 結果與討論 74
4-1 藻藍素最佳萃取方法之探討 74
4-2 連續光照培養 75
4-2-1 以白光LED為光源在不同光照強度之批次培養 75
4-2-1-1 TCL-1生長情形及生質體產率 75
4-2-1-2 碳源利用狀況與固碳速率分析 79
4-2-1-3 藻藍素含量與產率分析 82
4-2-2 以紅光LED為光源在不同光照強度之批次培養 85
4-2-2-1 TCL-1生長情形及生質體產率 85
4-2-2-2 碳源利用狀況與固碳速率分析 89
4-2-2-3 藻藍素含量與產率分析 93
4-3 光週期培養 97
4-3-1 以白光LED為光源在不同光照強度之批次培養 97
4-3-1-1 TCL-1生長情形及生質體產率 97
4-3-1-2 碳源利用狀況與固碳速率分析 102
4-3-1-3 藻藍素含量與產率分析 104
4-3-2 以紅光LED為光源在不同光照強度之批次培養 109
4-3-2-1 TCL-1生長情形及生質體產率 109
4-3-2-2 碳源利用狀況與固碳速率分析 115
4-3-2-3 藻藍素含量與產率分析 116
4-4 研究成果比較 121
4-5 固碳成本與藻藍素產值分析 130
4-6 藻藍素純化 137
4-7 藻毒測定分析 139
第 五 章 結論與建議 141
5-1 結論 141
5-2 建議 143
參考文獻 144
附錄一、鹼液吸收二氧化碳之DIC 濃度 156
附錄二、水中葉綠素 a 檢測方法－乙醇萃取法 157

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