臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

航空器的進化過程中，機身結構、複合材料、動力科技不斷的提升，為了使飛機飛得更快、更高、航程更遠且載運量更大，飛機系統日益複雜，甚至影響飛行員的飛行操作。根據國際民航組織(ICAO)的統計資料，有70%以上的重大飛安事件，與操作的「人」有著直接或間接的關聯。因此現代航電系統，將「人因工程」概念導入駕駛艙的飛行儀表及操作介面，整合成數位航空電子系統。
本研究探討數位航電系統對飛行員能力培訓之影響，以TH-67類比式直升機模擬機與CH-47SD全數位化駕駛艙直升機，針對飛行員訓練及績效，進行飛行員操作裕度驗證及緊急操作程序處置採樣與分析，深入印證數位航電系統對飛行操作及飛安效益之提昇。本研究共計執行飛行中緊急程序645項次，有效採樣數據共計396筆資料。其中包括模擬機216筆及實體機180筆。在縝密分析驗證資料後，以量化數據證實數位化駕駛艙在飛行員遭遇緊急狀況時，確實較類比式駕駛艙更能提供飛行員較大的操作裕度及減少狀況研判時間，顯見數位化航電系統對減低飛行員操作壓力及提升飛航安全具有明確及顯著之效益。

In the process of aviation evolution, the structure of airframe, composite materials and the power technology improve persistently. The primary goal of all these improvement was to speed up the aircraft, increase the flight altitude, extend travel distance, and expand the carrying capacity. Nevertheless, the complexity of aviation system has been influencing pilot's aircraft manipulation. Statistics showed, according to ICAO, that more than 70 percent of aircraft accidents directly or indirectly related to incorrect pilot manipulation. Therefore, the modern aviation system has introduced the concept of human factors engineering to interface of flight instruments cockpit and integrated them into the digital avionics system.
This research probes the influence of digital avionics upon pilot's ability training. In the flight of pilot's training and achievement, both of the TH-67 helicopter simulator equipped with analogical flight instruments and CH-47SD full digital flight instruments cockpit are applied to sample and analyze pilot operation margin verity and emergency manipulation procedures. This research also deeply proves that digital avionics do improve pilot's flight manipulation and aviation security efficiency. 645 items of flight emergency procedures are exercised with 396 effective sampling adopted (including 216 of helicopter simulator and 180 of actual aircraft).
Under deliberate analysis, the quantification data has verified that the digital avionics can provide pilots with a larger operation margin and shorten the judgment time under emergency situation. It is very obvious to see that the digital avionics can not only alleviate pilot's pressure but also enhance the aviation security.

目 錄
中文摘要...................................................I
英文摘要..................................................II
誌 謝 ...................................................III
目 錄 ....................................................IV
圖目錄................................................... IX
表目錄...................................................XIV
第一章 緒論.................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ......................................1
1.2 研究目的 ..........................................2
1.3 研究範圍與限制 .......................................2
1.4 研究流程 ...........................................4
1.5 論文大綱 ...........................................6
第二章 航電系統回顧 ........................................7
2.1 飛行儀表系統區分...................................7
2.1.1 類比及機械式飛行儀表 .............................9
2.1.1.1 姿態指示儀(ADI) ..................................9
2.1.1.2 航向指示器(HSI)..................................10
2.1.1.3 空速指示器(ASI)..................................11
2.1.1.4 高度表(Altimeter) ..............................12
2.1.1.5 垂直升降速率表(VSI) ..............................14
2.1.2 數位航電儀表系統..................................15
2.1.2.1 慣性導航系統(INS)................................15
2.1.2.2 雷射姿態陀螺系統(AHRS) ...........................17
2.1.2.3 大氣資訊處理器 (ADC)..............................19
2.2 駕駛艙設計.......................................20
2.3 航電系統 .......................................23
2.3.1 航電系統發展趨勢..................................23
2.3.2 航電匯流排(Data Bus) ............................25
2.4 人因工程導入駕駛艙之助益 .........................28
2.4.1 人因工程定義 ....................................28
2.4.2 人機介面 .......................................28
2.4. 3 人機系統之可靠度..................................30
2.4.3.1 飛機系統可靠度....................................31
2.4.3.2 人員可靠度.......................................33
2.4.4 飛行儀表訊息顯示設計...............................35
2.4.5 質化與量化訊息顯示.................................36
2.5 類比式與數位式儀表系統差異..........................38
2.5.1 類比式儀表特性....................................38
2.5.2 數位式儀表特性....................................39
2.6 小結............................................40
第三章 飛行操作裕度驗證與分析.................................41
3.1 飛行驗證實驗設計..................................41
3.2 驗證採樣人員資格及緊急狀況設置......................42
3.2.1 採樣人員資格與條件.................................42
3.2.2 緊急狀況設置.....................................44
3.3 TH-67直昇機模擬機飛行驗證..........................45
3.3.1 TH-67直昇機模擬機介紹.............................46
3.3.2 模擬機飛行驗證....................................49
3.3.3 飛行驗證程序......................................51
3.3.4 模擬機飛行驗證成果.................................52
3.4 CH-47SD直昇機實體機空中飛行驗證.....................55
3.4.1 CH-47SD全數位化駕駛艙直升機介紹.....................55
3.4.2 實體機飛行驗證....................................57
3.4.3 飛行驗證程序......................................58
3.4.4 實體機飛行驗證成果.................................60
3.5 飛行驗證數據綜整與分析.............................61
3.5.1 飛行驗證採樣差異度分析模式..........................61
3.5.2 各飛行等級驗證資料分析.............................64
3.5.3 飛行驗證人員素質分析析.............................65
3.5.4 各飛行等級人員緊急程序判斷時間差異分析................65
3.5.5 飛行驗證數據分析成果...............................69
3.6 小結............................................69
第四章 飛行任務裝備與操作裕度研析　............................71
4.1 駕駛艙飛行儀表提供資訊與操作裕度探討..................71
4.1.1 電子飛航儀表系統　.................................74
4.1.2 任務整合顯示器(MMFD)..............................75
4.1.3 飛機狀況整合顯示器(AVMFD)..........................75
4.1.4 控制顯示器(CDU)　.................................77
4.2 飛行狀況判斷與操作裕度探討..........................78
4.2.1 惡劣天候與複雜環境下飛行............................78
4.2.2 數位航電系統容錯度探討 　...........................79
4.3 提升安全裕度之飛行任務裝備探討.......................82
4.3.1 衛星定位及慣性導航系統　............................83
4.3.2 氣象雷達.........................................84
4.3.3 自動飛行控制系統 (AFCS) 　.........................86
4.3.4 抬頭顯示器 (HUD) 與光學顯示器 (ODA).................88
4.4 小結............................................90
第五章 結論與建議...........................................93
5.1 結論.............................................93
5. 2 建議.............................................95
參考文獻...................................................96

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