臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

智慧聯網(Internet of Things，IoT)的感測節點通常數量繁多，並且受限於地域的關係，開發者無法快速且即時地開發或更新程式，而且嵌入式系統的開發通常需要掌握多方領域的知識與技術，如各種感測器與致動器的驅動、控制和通訊協定等，因此需要耗費大量的開發時間與成本。
本論文提出一個智慧聯網嵌入式系統的開發平台，以GRAFCET虛擬機器(GRAFCET Virtual Machine，GVM)做為聯網嵌入式系統的微核心，讓使用者能以GRAFCET圖形語言快速建立系統雛形，縮減開發時間。並且設計一個以Web界面的GRAFCET應用程式(GRAFCET Application，GPP)編輯器，使得開發環境不再侷限於電腦上，在手機或平板電腦亦能進行遠端應用系統的開發。藉由此一平台，遠端的開發者只需使用此編輯器將應用系統行為以GRAFCET圖形語言進行描述，並且編碼後傳送至遠端節點中的GRAFCET虛擬機器解譯，執行相對應的系統控制。
考量到目前多核心嵌入式系統開發不易，本論文提出一個分散式多核心嵌入式系統設計方法論，在上述開發平台上，套用分散式運算的概念，將多個微核心以串列通訊並接，透過Modbus協定建立主從式的通訊關係，令系統可達到多核心的效能，開發上更為快速。在論文最後，我們以兩個智慧聯網應用系統的開發實例來證明本論文所提出之智慧聯網嵌入式平台與設計方法論的可行性。

關鍵字：智慧聯網、快速雛型化、GRAFCET虛擬機器

In developing an Internet of Things (IoT) system, developers can hardly modify or develop programs efficiently because of a large number of sensor nodes and limited locations. Multi-domain knowledge and technologies, such as drivers, controls, and protocols of sensors or actuators, are also required in the development of embedded systems. Thus, a big amount of time and cost are needed for development.
This thesis proposes an IoT embedded system development platform using GRAFCET virtual machine (GVM) as a microkernel. It allows users to quickly build the system model with the graphical language, GRAFCET. We also designed a Web GRAFCET Application (GPP) editor, making the development environment is no longer confined to the desktop computer. Application system development can be made remotely by mobile phones or tablets. With GPP, remote developers can simply describe application system behaviors by using GRAFCET. Then, GPP editor will transmit a coded GRAFCET to the GVM in the remote node to execute the corresponding system control.
Taking into consideration that the difficulty of multi-core embedded system development, we propose a distributed multi-core embedded system design methodology, In our IoT embedded system development platform, the concept of distributed computing is applied. Micro-cores can make the connections with others by serial communication. The master-slave communication relationship is also established by the Modbus protocol. Therefore, the system can achieve a multi-core performance and a more efficient development.
Finally, we verified the feasibility of the proposed IoT embedded system development platform and the distributed multi-core embedded system design methodology with two development examples of IoT application system.

Keyword：Internet of Thing(IoT)、rapid prototype、GRAFCET Virtual Machine(GVM)

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
謝誌 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章、緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3論文架構 3
第二章、文獻探討 4
2.1智慧聯網 4
2.1.1智慧聯網的架構 4
2.1.2智慧聯網的關鍵技術 5
2.2嵌入式系統快速雛型化 6
2.2.1 Mbed 8
2.2.2 Proteus 9
2.2.3 .NET Micro Framework 10
2.3嵌入式系統設計方法論 11
2.3.1 GRAFCET離散事件建模 12
2.3.2 GRAFCET虛擬機器 16
2.3.2.1 GRAFCET敘述語言 17
2.3.2.2視覺化GRAFCET編輯軟體設計 20
2.3.2.3參數表(coding table) 21
2.4 Modbus現場總線通訊協定 23
2.4.1 Modbus協定 24
2.4.2 Modbus功能碼 26
第三章、GRAFCET虛擬機器改良 27
3.1核心改良 27
3.2參數表改良 30
3.3中介程式 34
3.4 GRAFCET應用程式開發環境 38
第四章、智慧聯網嵌入式平台設計 40
4.1智慧聯網嵌入式平台 40
4.2分散式多核心嵌入式系統(Distributed Muti-cores Embedded System，DMES) 42
4.2.1分散式多核心嵌入式系統節點設計 43
4.2.2 Modbus功能封包格式 45
4.3智慧聯網嵌入式平台開發流程 48
4.4遠端診斷機制 49
第五章、智慧聯網嵌入式平台驗證與實作 51
5.1硬體架構 51
5.1.1聯網嵌入式平台模組 51
5.1.2感測器模組 52
5.2智慧聯網嵌入式平台驗證 56
5.2.1 GRAFCET虛擬機器核心改良驗證 56
5.2.2單節點嵌入式系統測試 57
5.2.3分散式多核心嵌入式系統(DMES)測試 59
5.3應用實例開發 60
5.3.1單一節點實例：自動光學檢測 60
5.3.2分散式多核心嵌入式系統實例：工業控制 62
第六章、結論與未來方向 66
6.1結論 66
6.2未來方向 67
參考文獻 68
附錄一 70
系統中介程式 70
攝影機模組中介程式 70
溫濕度模組中介程式 70
光感中介程式 71
加速度計/電子羅盤中介程式 71

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