臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文研製一新型高敏感光學生物感測器：金屬輔助波導共振元件(Metal-assisted guided mode resonance, MaGMR)，本元件利用壓印技術取代傳統半導體技術，製作次波長光柵結構，可以增加光柵耦合生物感測器的生產速率及降低製作生產成本，再將感測器結合光學波導共振元件與核酸適合體（Aptamer），成為核酸適合體式生物感測器（Aptasensor），並且建構多通道生物檢測系統應用於凝血酶之檢測。實驗所使用的兩條抗凝血酶核適體為15-mer aptamer 和 29-mer aptamer，分別可結合於凝血酶上的纖維蛋白結合區和肝素結合區。
本研究主要分成三部分：模擬、製程、檢測。模擬部分主要是利用嚴格耦合波理論（Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis, RCWA）方法，比較金屬輔助波導共振元件(MaGMR)以及傳統波導共振元件(GMR)的差異以及靈敏度，證明金屬輔助波導共振元件為一個高靈敏度的元件，且設計壓印型MaGMR元件。製程使用熱壓型壓印法來製作光柵結構，並利用模擬參數製作出完整的壓印型MaGMR元件，且使用SEM和AFM觀察其結構週期及深度，驗證使用壓印製作MaGMR的結果。檢測部分主要的重點為建構一套多通道生物檢測平台，首先使用不同濃度的食鹽水溶液進行檢測，其食鹽水的折射率變化為1.3330至1.3705，由實驗結果可知，此生物晶片有達到可重複性使用與重現性的目標，其量測結果與光學模擬結果相當吻合。本研究亦利用表面元素分析儀(electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, ESCA)分析表面元素且確認晶片改質的結果，接著利用檢測平台成功即時檢測不同濃度之凝血酶，檢測範圍從0.25M 到1.5M 之濃度與其訊號飄移量呈線性關係，而15-mer和29-mer aptamer的檢測極限(limit of detection, LOD)分別為0.12M和0.16M，並且驗證了Aptasensor對凝血酶的專一性。

In this thesis, a metal-assisted guided mode resonance (MaGMR) optical biosensor is demonstrated. We use the nanoimprint lithography to replace the traditional semiconductor lithography processes, using this method the yield rate can be increased and reduce production costs. Then, we use the aptamer to be the recognizing part and using the metal-assisted guided mode resonance (MaGMR) device to be the transducer, so the device is called aptasensor. After that, we also built a multi-channel detection system for MaGMR aptasensor, and the 15-mer and 29-mer thrombin aptamer was immobilized on the surface of MaGMR device as a recognizing ligand for thrombin detection.
This study is divided into three parts：simulation, process and detection. The part of simulation is mainly used rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) method to analyze the difference and sensitivity between MaGMR and GMR; it shows the MaGMR is a high sensitivity device. The part of process shows the home-made hot embossing nanoimprint system for MaGMR chip. Then we design and optimize the nanoimprint device of MaGMR. After that, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to inspect the structure of MaGMR; it can verify the feasibility of the hot embossing nanoimprint MaGMR. The part of detection is mainly built multi-channel detection platform. At first, we use sodium chloride solutions to check the bulk sensitivity of MaGMR. The background index varies from 1.3330 to 1.3705, it can calculate sensitivity and noise ratio. The experimental result is stable and repeatable. We utilized the surface modification methods to form a self-assembly monolayer (SAM) on the surface before the detection of thrombin. This study used electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) to verify the surface modification result. Finally, we achieve the thrombin sensing in concentration range from 0.25 to 1.5 μM, and verify the specificity of aptasensor.The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.12M and 0.16M for 15 and 29-mer antithrombin aptamer, respectively.

論文電子檔授權書 I
論文延後公開/下架申請書 II
論文指導教授推薦書 III
論文口試委員審定書 IV
摘要 V
Abstract VI
致謝 VII
目錄 VIII
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XIV
第一章 序論 1
1-1 生物感測器 2
1-2 波導共振元件 (Guided mode resonance, GMR) 14
1-2.1 GMR簡介 14
1-2.2 GMR應用於生物感測 16
1-3 核酸適合體 (Aptamer) 19
1-3.1 基因簡介 19
1-3.2 Aptamer簡介 23
1-3.3 Aptamer應用於生物感測 25
1-4 凝血反應 27
1-4.1 凝血因子簡介 29
1-4.2 凝血機制簡介 32
1-5 抗凝血因子核酸適合體 36
1-6 研究動機 38
第二章 核酸適合體式金屬輔助波導共振元件(Metal assisted guided mode resonance, MaGMR)之設計 39
2-1 MaGMR元件結構 41
2-2 MaGMR基本理論 42
2-2.1 光波導原理 42
2-2.2 繞射光柵原理 45
2.2.3 MaGMR基本原理 48
第三章 模擬及實驗方法、檢測系統架設 51
3-1 模擬方法及參數 52
3-1.1 嚴格耦合波理論（RCWA）簡介 52
3-1.2 軟體Rsoft簡介 53
3-1.3 模擬參數 57
3-2 實驗方法 58
3-2.1 壓印型MaGMR晶片設計及製作 58
3-2.2 溶液配置 64
3-3 檢測系統 65
3-4 實驗儀器與藥品 69
3-4.1 晶片製作 69
3-4.2 表面改質 70
3-4.3 後端檢測 71
3-5 實驗步驟 73
3-5.1 溶液即時檢測 73
3-5.2 表面改質 80
3-5.3 流體即時檢測 83
3-5.4 專一性檢測 84
第四章 結果與討論 85
4-1 模擬結果與比較 86
4-1.1 共振波長 86
4-1.2 臨界角 88
4-1.3 非對稱場 91
4-1.4 Bulk Sensitivity 95
4-1.5 Surface Sensitivity 100
4-2 壓印型MaGMR元件之模擬及製作結果 101
4-2.1 模擬結果 101
4-2.2 製作結果 106
4-3 溶液即時檢測 111
4-4 表面改質 115
4-5 流體即時檢測 121
4-6 專一性檢測 126
第五章 結論與未來展望 129
5-1 結論 129
5-2 未來展望 130
第六章 參考文獻 131

[1] 陳建國，「生物感測器之發展及應用」，生物產業，第四卷第三期，pp. 250-212，1993。
[2] 黃定國，鄭武順，許瑞祺，「簡介生物感測器及其未來發展方向」，生物產業，第七卷第四期，pp. 291-298，1996。
[3] J. S. Daniels and N. Pourmand, "Label-free impedance biosensors: Opportunities and challenges," Electroanalysis, vol. 19, pp. 1239-1257, Jun 2007.
[4] Clark L.C., C. Wright, "Electrode system for continuous monitoring in cardiovascular surgery," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 102, pp. 29-33, 1962.
[5] G.P. Hicks, S.J. Updick, Anal. Chem., vol. 38, pp. 726, 1966.
[6] F. Sevilla, et al., "A Bio-Fet Sensor for Lactose Based on Co-Immobilized Beta-Galactosidase Glucose-Dehydrogenase," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 9, pp. 275-281, 1994.
[7] A. N. Reshetilov, et al., "FET-microbial sensor for xylose detection based on Gluconobacter oxydans cells," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 11, pp. 401-408, 1996.
[8] A. Vijayalakshmi, et al., "Enzyme field effect transistor (ENFET) for estimation of triglycerides using magnetic nanoparticles," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 23, pp. 1708-1714, Jun 15 2008.
[9] B. Mizaikoff, et al., "Infrared Fiberoptic Chemical Sensors with Reactive Surface-Coatings," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 29, pp. 58-63, Oct 1995.
[10] M. Belz, et al., "Smart-sensor approach for a fibre-optic-based residual chlorine monitor," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 39, pp. 380-385, Mar-Apr 1997.
[11] M. Mehrvar, et al., "Fiber-optic biosensors - Trends and advances," Analytical Sciences, vol. 16, pp. 677-692, Jul 2000.
[12] S. F. Feng, et al., "Fiber coupled waveguide grating structures," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 96, Mar 29 2010.
[13] J. H. Lee, et al., "Label free novel electrical detection using micromachined PZT monolithic thin film cantilever for the detection of C-reactive protein," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 20, pp. 269-275, Sep 15 2004.
[14] Y. S. Lee, et al., "Improvement of the mass sensitivity in flexural plate wave biosensor based on PZT thin film," Integrated Ferroelectrics, vol. 69, pp. 391-+, 2005.
[15] G. Y. Kang, et al., "Label-free protein assay with site-directly immobilized antibody using self-actuating PZT cantilever," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 117, pp. 332-338, Oct 12 2006.
[16] J. Kondoh and S. Shiokawa, "Measurements of Conductivity and Ph of Liquid Using Surface Acoustic-Wave Devices," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Short Notes & Review Papers, vol. 31, pp. 82-84, 1992.
[17] K. Lange, et al., "A surface acoustic wave biosensor concept with low flow cell volumes for label-free detection," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 75, pp. 5561-5566, Oct 15 2003.
[18] M. Perpeet, et al., "SAW sensor system for marker-free molecular interaction analysis," Analytical Letters, vol. 39, pp. 1747-1757, 2006.
[19] B. J. Jeon and J. C. Pyun, "Reconstruction of the Immunoaffinity Layer of SPR Biosensor by Using Proteolytic Enzyme," Biochip Journal, vol. 2, pp. 269-273, Dec 20 2008.
[20] M. Bora, et al., "Near field detector for integrated surface plasmon resonance biosensor applications," Optics Express, vol. 17, pp. 329-336, Jan 5 2009.
[21] L. G. Carrascosa, et al., "Label-free detection of DNA mutations by SPR: application to the early detection of inherited breast cancer," Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 393, pp. 1173-1182, Feb 2009.
[22] W. Jin, et al., "A DNA sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for apoptosis-associated genes detection," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 24, pp. 1266-1269, Jan 1 2009.
[23] H. W. Huang, et al., "Label-free optical biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance of immobilized gold nanorods," Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces, vol. 71, pp. 96-101, Jun 1 2009.
[24] R. Guntupalli, et al., "Real-time optical detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using lytic phage probes," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 24, pp. 151-154, Sep 15 2008.
[25] M. Curreli, et al., "Real-Time, Label-Free Detection of Biological Entities Using Nanowire-Based FETs," Ieee Transactions on Nanotechnology, vol. 7, pp. 651-667, Nov 2008.
[26] M. M. Orosco, et al., "Real-time monitoring of enzyme activity in a mesoporous silicon double layer," Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 4, pp. 255-258, Apr 2009.
[27] C. Poitras, et al., "Real-time microgravimetric quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum in the presence of potential interferents," Water Research, vol. 43, pp. 2631-2638, Jun 2009.
[28] W. G. Miller, and F. P. Anderson, "Antibody Properties for Chemically Reversible Biosensor Applications," Analytica Chimica Acta 227, pp. 135-143, 1989.
[29] J. P. Alarie and T. VoDinh, "Antibody-based submicron biosensor for benzo[a]pyrene DNA adduct," Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds, vol. 8, pp. 45-52, 1996.
[30] A. J. Killard, et al., "Rapid antibody biosensor assays for environmental analysis," Biochemical Society Transactions, vol. 28, pp. 81-84, Feb 2000.
[31] K. Nakano, et al., "DNA biosensor: Immunosensor applications for Anti-DNA antibody," Microfabricated Sensors, vol. 815, pp. 71-83, 2002.
[32] R. Z. Hao, et al., "Rapid detection of Bacillus anthracis using monoclonal antibody functionalized QCM sensor," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 24, pp. 1330-1335, Jan 1 2009.
[33] P. J. Conroy, et al., "Antibody production, design and use for biosensor-based applications," Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, vol. 20, pp. 10-26, Feb 2009.
[34] S. J. Hampson, et al., "Prostate-Specific Antigen Estimation with Optical Biosensor," Lancet, vol. 343, pp. 301-302, Jan 29 1994.
[35] S. Ichikawa, et al., "Development and characterization of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunosensor," Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, pp. 318-322, May 1997.
[36] T. Endo, et al., "Localized surface plasmon resonance based optical biosensor using surface modified nanoparticle layer for label-free monitoring of antigen-antibody reaction," Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, vol. 6, pp. 491-500, Jul 2005.
[37] Y. Wang, et al., "Prostate Specific Antigen Biosensor Based on Long Range Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Dextran Hydrogel Binding Matrix," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 81, pp. 9625-9632, Dec 1 2009.
[38] M. J. Hao and Z. F. Ma, "An Ultrasensitive Chemiluminescence Biosensor for Carcinoembryonic Antigen Based on Autocatalytic Enlargement of Immunogold Nanoprobes," Sensors, vol. 12, pp. 17320-17329, Dec 2012.
[39] T. C. Chang, et al., "Using A Fiber Optic Particle Plasmon Resonance Biosensor To Determine Kinetic Constants of Antigen-Antibody Binding Reaction," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 85, pp. 245-250, Jan 1 2013.
[40] W. R. Everett and G. A. Rechnitz, "Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for determination of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides," Analytical Letters, vol. 32, pp. 1-10, 1999.
[41] J. A. Berberich, et al., "A stable three-enzyme creatinine biosensor. 1. Impact of structure, function and environment on PEGylated and immobilized sarcosine oxidase," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 1, pp. 173-181, Mar 2005.
[42] J. A. Berberich, et al., "A stable three enzyme creatinine biosensor. 2. Analysis of the impact of silver ions on creatine amidinohydrolase," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 1, pp. 183-191, Mar 2005.
[43] J. A. Berberich, et al., "A stable three-enzyme creatinine biosensor. 3. Immobilization of creatinine amidohydrolase and sensor development," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 1, pp. 193-199, Mar 2005.
[44] L. S. Cock, et al., "Use of Enzymatic Biosensors as Quality Indices: A Synopsis of Present and Future Trends in the Food Industry," Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 69, pp. 270-280, Apr-Jun 2009.
[45] H. Yang, "Enzyme-based ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors," Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, vol. 16, pp. 422-428, Aug 2012.
[46] E. E. Ferapontova and K. V. Gothelf, "Effect of Serum on an RNA Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Theophylline," Langmuir, vol. 25, pp. 4279-4283, Apr 21 2009.
[47] C. C. Huang and H. T. Chang, "Aptamer-based fluorescence sensor for rapid detection of potassium ions in urine," Chemical Communications, pp. 1461-1463, 2008.
[48] Y. Xiao, et al., "Label-free electronic detection of thrombin in blood serum by using an aptamer-based sensor," Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, vol. 44, pp. 5456-5459, 2005.
[49] Y. Li, et al., "Fabrication and characterization of RNA aptamer microarrays for the study of protein-aptamer interactions with SPR imaging," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 34, pp. 6416-6424, Dec 2006.
[50] C. Y. Yao, et al., "Aptamer-based piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance biosensor array for the quantification of IgE," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 24, pp. 2499-2503, Apr 15 2009.
[51] L. D. Zhu, et al., "A novel renewable plant tissue-based electrochemiluminescent biosensor for glycolic acid," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 98, pp. 115-121, Mar 15 2004.
[52] Y. M. Huang and F. Q. Wu, "Plant tissue-based chemiluminescence biosensor for ethanol," Analytical Sciences, vol. 22, pp. 965-969, Jul 2006.
[53] M. K. Sezginturk and E. Dinckaya, "Sulfite Determination by an Inhibitor Biosensor-based Mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus) Tissue Homogenate," Artificial Cells Blood Substitutes and Biotechnology, vol. 40, pp. 38-43, Feb 2012.
[54] G. Rounaghi and R. M. Kakhki, "Preparation and electrochemical application of a new biosensor based on plant tissue/polypyrrole for determination of acetaminophen," Bulletin of Materials Science, vol. 35, pp. 811-816, Oct 2012.
[55] M. H. A. Zavar, et al., "Electrochemical Determination of Salicylic Acid at a New Biosensor Based on Polypyrrole-Banana Tissue Composite," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 38, pp. 29-36, Jan 2013.
[56] P. M. Schmidt, et al., "Real-time determination of telomerase activity in cell extracts using an optical biosensor," Biological Chemistry, vol. 383, pp. 1659-1666, Oct 2002.
[57] P. Gavlasova, et al., "Whole cell biosensor for polychlorinated biphenyl analysis based on optical detection," International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol. 62, pp. 304-312, Oct 2008.
[58] D. M. Close, et al., "Reporter Proteins in Whole-Cell Optical Bioreporter Detection Systems, Biosensor Integrations, and Biosensing Applications," Sensors, vol. 9, pp. 9147-9174, Nov 2009.
[59] S. Pasche, et al., "Integrated optical biosensor for in-line monitoring of cell cultures," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 26, pp. 1478-1485, Dec 15 2010.
[60] F. Carpignano, et al., "A Cell-Based Optical Biosensor (Silicon Photonic Crystal): A New Tool for Monitoring Cellular Activities," Cytometry Part A, vol. 79A, pp. 1066-1066, Dec 2011.
[61] Viera Malachovská, et al., "Fiber Optic Biosensor Adapted to Cell and Tissue Culture Situations for Detection of Membrane Receptors : The Gap Step towards Non-Invasive Clinical Biosensing," Matinée des Chercheurs, 12 Mars 2013.
[62] K. Ikebukuro, et al., "Electrochemical detection of protein using a double aptamer sandwich," Analytical Letters, vol. 37, pp. 2901-2909, Nov 2004.
[63] K. Ikebukuro, et al., "Novel electrochemical sensor system for protein using the aptamers in sandwich manner," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 20, pp. 2168-2172, Apr 15 2005.
[64] Y. Xiao, et al., "Label-free electronic detection of thrombin in blood serum by using an aptamer-based sensor," Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, vol. 44, pp. 5456-5459, 2005.
[65] M. Mir, et al., "Different strategies to develop an electrochemical thrombin aptasensor," Electrochemistry Communications, vol. 8, pp. 505-511, Mar 2006.
[66] J. H. So, et al., "Development of liquid scintillator system for proton flux monitoring," Journal of the Korean Physical Society, vol. 50, pp. 1506-1509, May 2007.
[67] K. Maehashi, et al., "Label-free protein biosensor based on aptamer-modified carbon nanotube field-effect transistors," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 79, pp. 782-787, Jan 15 2007.
[68] T. Uno, et al., "Peptide-nucleic acid-modified ion-sensitive field-effect transistor-based biosensor for direct detection of DNA hybridization," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 79, pp. 52-59, Jan 1 2007.
[69] K. M. Chang, et al., "Development of an Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor Based Urea Biosensor with Solid State Reference Systems," Sensors, vol. 10, pp. 6115-6127, Jun 2010.
[70] H. J. Park, et al., "Monitoring of C-Reactive Protein Using Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor Biosensor," Sensor Letters, vol. 8, pp. 233-237, Apr 2010.
[71] R. J. Green, et al., "Surface plasmon resonance for real time in situ analysis of protein adsorption to polymer surfaces," Biomaterials, vol. 18, pp. 405-413, Mar 1997.
[72] T. J. Wang, et al., "Surface plasmon resonance waveguide biosensor by bipolarization wavelength interrogation," Ieee Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 16, pp. 1715-1717, Jul 2004.
[73] A. Kausaite, et al., "Surface plasmon resonance and its application to biomedical research," Medicina-Lithuania, vol. 43, pp. 355-365, 2007.
[74] G. G. Rong, et al., "Label-free porous silicon membrane waveguide for DNA sensing," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 93, Oct 20 2008.
[75] K. L. Lee, et al., "Sensitive biosensors using Fano resonance in single gold nanoslit with periodic grooves," Optics Express, vol. 19, pp. 24530-24539, Nov 21 2011.
[76] G. Y. Oh, et al., "Design of ultra-sensitive biosensor applying surface plasmon resonance to a triangular resonator," Optics Express, vol. 20, pp. 19067-19074, Aug 13 2012.
[77] C. Seeger, et al., "Histaminergic pharmacology of homo-oligomeric beta 3 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors characterized by surface plasmon resonance biosensor technology (vol 84, pg 341, 2012)," Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 84, pp. 1541-1541, Dec 1 2012.
[78] A. B. Turhan, et al., "Nanofabrication and plasma polymerization assisted surface modification of a transducer based on localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanostructure arrays for biosensor applications," Journal of Nanophotonics, vol. 6, Jul 31 2012.
[79] D. Q. Wang, et al., "A high-throughput surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on differential interferometric imaging," Measurement Science & Technology, vol. 23, Jun 2012.
[80] Y. Wang, et al., "Bacterial Pathogen Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Advanced by Long Range Surface Plasmons and Magnetic Nanoparticle Assays," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 84, pp. 8345-8350, Oct 2 2012.
[81] N. Ghosh, et al., "Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for Detection of Bacillus anthracis, the Causative Agent of Anthrax from Soil Samples Targeting Protective Antigen," Indian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 53, pp. 48-55, Mar 2013.
[82] O. V. Gnedenko, et al., "Highly sensitive detection of human cardiac myoglobin using a reverse sandwich immunoassay with a gold nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensor," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 759, pp. 105-109, Jan 8 2013.
[83] M. S. Islam and A. Z. Kouzani, "Simulation and Analysis of a Sub-Wavelength Grating Based Multilayer Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 31, pp. 1388-1398, May 1 2013.
[84] H. A. Wu, et al., "Rapid detection of melamine based on immunoassay using portable surface plasmon resonance biosensor," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 178, pp. 541-546, Mar 1 2013.
[85] J. Hong, et al., "A Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on silicon oxides for biosensor applications," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 573, pp. 97-103, Jul 28 2006.
[86] X. D. Fan, et al., "Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: A review," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 620, pp. 8-26, Jul 14 2008.
[87] J. Hong, et al., "The Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Silicon Oxides for Label Free Detection of C-reactive Protein (CRP)," Biochip Journal, vol. 3, pp. 1-11, Mar 20 2009.
[88] J. H. Kim, et al., "Fabrication of Mach-Zehnder Interferometor Based on Planar Waveguide for the Application of Biosensors," International Journal of Modern Physics B, vol. 23, pp. 1891-1896, Mar 20 2009.
[89] S. S. Wang and R. Magnusson, "Theory and Applications of Guided-Mode Resonance Filters," Applied Optics, vol. 32, pp. 2606-2613, May 10 1993.
[90] D. Rosenblatt, et al., "Resonant grating waveguide structures," Ieee Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 33, pp. 2038-2059, Nov 1997.
[91] A. V. Dotsenko, et al., "Label-free biosensor using an optical waveguide with induced Bragg grating of variable strength," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 94, pp. 116-121, Aug 15 2003.
[92] Y. Ding and R. Magnusson, "Resonant leaky-mode spectral-band engineering and device applications," Optics Express, vol. 12, pp. 5661-5674, Nov 15 2004.
[93] D. W. Dobbs, et al., "Fabrication of a graded-wavelength guided-mode resonance filter photonic crystal," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 89, Sep 18 2006.
[94] J. Hong, et al., "Prediction of the limit of detection of an optical resonant reflection biosensor," Optics Express, vol. 15, pp. 8972-8978, Jul 9 2007.
[95] F. C. Chien, et al., "Coupled waveguide-surface plasmon resonance biosensor with subwavelength grating," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 22, pp. 2737-2742, May 15 2007.
[96] D. S. Bagal, et al., "Fabrication of sucrose biosensor based on single mode planar optical waveguide using co-immobilized plant invertase and GOD," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 22, pp. 3072-3079, Jun 15 2007.
[97] G. Rong, et al., "Nanoscale porous silicon waveguide for label-free DNA sensing," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 23, pp. 1572-1576, May 15 2008.
[98] T. Claes, et al., "Label-Free Biosensing With a Slot-Waveguide-Based Ring Resonator in Silicon on Insulator," Ieee Photonics Journal, vol. 1, pp. 197-204, Sep 2009.
[99] S. F. Feng, et al., "Theoretical analysis on the tuning dynamics of the waveguide-grating structures," Optics Express, vol. 17, pp. 426-436, Jan 19 2009.
[100] H. Mukundan, et al., "Planar optical waveguide-based biosensor for the quantitative detection of tumor markers," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 138, pp. 453-460, May 6 2009.
[101] T. Y. Sun, et al., "Dispersion relation of guided-mode resonances in multimode grating waveguide structures," Journal of Modern Optics, vol. 57, pp. 901-907, 2010.
[102] Y. Nazirizadeh, et al., "Low-cost label-free biosensors using photonic crystals embedded between crossed polarizers," Optics Express, vol. 18, pp. 19120-19128, Aug 30 2010.
[103] T. Y. Sun, et al., "Dispersion relation of guided-mode resonances in multimode grating waveguide structures," Journal of Modern Optics, vol. 57, pp. 901-907, 2010.
[104] T. R. Zhai, et al., "Polymer laser based on active waveguide grating structures," Optics Express, vol. 19, pp. 6495-6500, Mar 28 2011.
[105] C. S. Jao and H. Y. Lin, "Ultrasensitive guided-mode resonance biosensors superimposed with vertical-sidewall roughness," Applied Optics, vol. 50, pp. 5139-5148, Sep 10 2011.
[106] D. Friedrich, et al., "Waveguide grating mirror in a fully suspended 10 meter Fabry-Perot cavity," Optics Express, vol. 19, pp. 14955-14963, Aug 1 2011.
[107] J. Li, et al., "Abnormal optical characteristics of the waveguide-grating structures," European Physical Journal-Applied Physics, vol. 53, Mar 2011.
[108] N. H. Nghia, et al., "Color filters featuring high transmission efficiency and broad bandwidth based on resonant waveguide-metallic grating," Optics Communications, vol. 284, pp. 2473-2479, May 15 2011.
[109] R. Ding, et al., "Distributed feedback lasing from thin organic crystal based on active waveguide grating structures," Organic Electronics, vol. 13, pp. 1602-1605, Sep 2012.
[110] W. X. Liu, et al., "Controlling the spectral width in compound waveguide grating structures," Optics Letters, vol. 38, pp. 163-165, Jan 15 2013.
[111] D. L. Wang, et al., "The Precise Assignment of Whispering Gallery Modes for Lasing Spectra Emitting from Cylindrical Micro-Cavities," Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, vol. 28, pp. 2749-2753, Dec 2008.
[112] Y. M. Wang, et al., "Microgap Structured Optical Sensor for Fast Label-Free DNA Detection," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 26, pp. 3181-3185, Sep-Oct 2008.
[113] K. De Vos, et al., "Silicon-on-Insulator microring resonator for sensitive and label-free biosensing," Optics Express, vol. 15, pp. 7610-7615, Jun 11 2007.
[114] A. Yalcin, et al., "Optical sensing of biomolecules using microring resonators," Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 12, pp. 148-155, Jan-Feb 2006.
[115] I. D. Block, et al., "High Sensitivity Plastic-Substrate Photonic Crystal Biosensor," Ieee Sensors Journal, vol. 8, pp. 1546-1547, Sep-Oct 2008.
[116] L. L. Chan, et al., "A label-free photonic crystal biosensor imaging method for detection of cancer cell cytotoxicity and proliferation," Apoptosis, vol. 12, pp. 1061-1068, Jun 2007.
[117] I. D. Block, et al., "Photonic crystal optical biosensor incorporating structured low-index porous dielectric," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 120, pp. 187-193, Dec 14 2006.
[118] L. Rindorf, et al., "Photonic crystal fiber long-period gratings for biochemical sensing," Optics Express, vol. 14, pp. 8224-8231, Sep 4 2006.
[119] W. Zhang, et al., "Deposited nanorod films for photonic crystal biosensor applications," Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, vol. 28, pp. 996-1001, Jul-Aug 2010.
[120] Z. H. He, et al., "Long-period gratings in photonic crystal fiber as an optofluidic label-free biosensor," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 26, pp. 4774-4778, Aug 15 2011.
[121] J. O. Grepstad, et al., "Photonic-crystal membranes for optical detection of single nano-particles, designed for biosensor application," Optics Express, vol. 20, pp. 7954-7965, Mar 26 2012.
[122] M. J. Yun, et al., "Multi-channel biosensor based on photonic crystal waveguide and microcavities," Optik, vol. 123, pp. 1920-1922, 2012.
[123] V. N. Konopsky, et al., "Photonic Crystal Biosensor Based on Optical Surface Waves," Sensors, vol. 13, pp. 2566-2578, Feb 2013.
[124] F. J. He, et al., "A Novel QCM-based Biosensor for Detection of Microorganisms Producing Hydrogen Sulfide," Analytical Letters, vol. 41, pp. 2697-2709, 2008.
[125] I. Karamollaoglu, et al., "QCM-based DNA biosensor for detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)," Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 44, pp. 142-150, May 15 2009.
[126] S. R. Hong, et al., "Development of QCM biosensor to detect a marine derived pathogenic bacteria Edwardsiella tarda using a novel immobilisation method," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 24, pp. 1635-1640, Feb 15 2009.
[127] 謝振傑，「光纖生物感測器」，物理雙月刊，第廿八卷第四期，2006年8月。
[128] W. J. Wang, et al., "Aptamer biosensor for protein detection using gold nanoparticles," Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 373, pp. 213-219, Feb 15 2008.
[129] S. Y. Yan, et al., "Aptamer-based turn-on fluorescent four-branched quaternary ammonium pyrazine probe for selective thrombin detection," Chemical Communications, vol. 47, pp. 1273-1275, 2011.
[130] Z. Q. Cui, et al., "Quantum dot-aptamer nanoprobes for recognizing and labeling influenza A virus particles," Nanoscale, vol. 3, pp. 2454-2457, 2011.
[131] F. Luo, et al., "An aptamer-based fluorescence biosensor for multiplex detection using unmodified gold nanoparticles," Chemical Communications, vol. 48, pp. 6387-6389, 2012.
[132] R. W. Wood, "On a remarkable case of uneven distribution of light in a diffraction grating spectrum," Philos. Mag, vol. 4, pp. 396–402, 1902.
[133] A. Hessel , A. A. Oliner, " A new theory of Wood’s anomalies on optical gratings," Appl. Opt., vol. 4, pp. 1275–1297, 1965.
[134] S. F. Lin, et al., " A model for fast predicting and optimizing the sensitivity of surface-relief guided mode resonance sensors," Sens. Actuators B Chem. (to be published).
[135] B. T. Cunningham, et al., "Label-free assays on the BIND system," Journal of Biomolecular Screening, vol. 9, pp. 481-490, Sep 2004.
[136] J. N. Yih, et al., "Optical waveguide biosensors constructed with subwavelength gratings," Applied Optics, vol. 45, pp. 1938-1942, Mar 20 2006.
[137] C. J. Choi and B. T. Cunningham, "Single-step fabrication and characterization of photonic crystal biosensors with polymer microfluidic channels," Lab on a Chip, vol. 6, pp. 1373-1380, Oct 2006.
[138] I. D. Block, et al., "Photonic crystal optical biosensor incorporating structured low-index porous dielectric," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 120, pp. 187-193, Dec 14 2006.
[139] C. J. Choi and B. T. Cunningham, "A 96-well microplate incorporating a replica molded microfluidic network integrated with photonic crystal biosensors for high throughput kinetic biomolecular interaction analysis," Lab on a Chip, vol. 7, pp. 550-556, 2007.
[140] W. Zhang, et al., "High sensitivity photonic crystal biosensor incorporating nanorod structures for enhanced surface area," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 131, pp. 279-284, Apr 14 2008.
[141] Z. A. Lai, et al., "Label-free biosensor by protein grating coupler on planar optical waveguides," Optics Letters, vol. 33, pp. 1735-1737, Aug 1 2008.
[142] C. J. Choi, et al., "Label-Free Photonic Crystal Biosensor Integrated Microfluidic Chip for Determination of Kinetic Reaction Rate Constants," Ieee Sensors Journal, vol. 9, pp. 1697-1704, Dec 2009.
[143] R. Magnusson, et al., "Resonant Photonic Biosensors with Polarization-Based Multiparametric Discrimination in Each Channel," Sensors, vol. 11, pp. 1476-1488, Feb 2011.
[144] X. Wei and S. M. Weiss, "Guided mode biosensor based on grating coupled porous silicon waveguide," Optics Express, vol. 19, pp. 11330-11339, Jun 6 2011.
[145] F. E. Ahmed, "Mining the oncoproteome and studying molecular interactions for biomarker development by 2DE, ChIP and SPR technologies," Expert Review of Proteomics, vol. 5, pp. 469-496, Jun 2008.
[146] W. J. Kim, et al., "Response to Cardiac Markers in Human Serum Analyzed by Guided-Mode Resonance Biosensor," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 82, pp. 9686-9693, Dec 1 2010.
[147] N. Zaytseva, et al., "Microfluidic resonant waveguide grating biosensor system for whole cell sensing," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 98, Apr 18 2011.
[148] Y. Fang, et al., "Resonant waveguide grating biosensor for living cell sensing," Biophysical Journal, vol. 91, pp. 1925-1940, Sep 2006.
[149] J. Dostalek, et al., "Rich information format surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on array of diffraction gratings," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 107, pp. 154-161, May 27 2005.
[150] J. W. Kim, et al., "Polymer Waveguide Label-Free Biosensors With Enhanced Sensitivity by Incorporating Low-Refractive-Index Polymers," Ieee Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 16, pp. 973-980, Jul-Aug 2010.
[151] H. M. Haake, et al., "Label-free detection of biomolecular interaction by optical sensors," Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 366, pp. 576-585, Mar-Apr 2000.
[152] J. Craig Venter, " The Sequence of the Human Genome," Science, vol. 291, pp. 1304-1351, 2001.
[153] T. Strachan, Human Molecular Genetics, 3rd ed, 2004.
[154] 郭朝禎，「核酸帝國—RNA與DNA的世界」，科學發展，439 期，2009 年
[155] H. Lodish, Molecular Cell Biology, 5th ed, 2004.
[156] D. L. Robertson and G. F. Joyce, "Selection Invitro of an Rna Enzyme That Specifically Cleaves Single-Stranded-DNA," Nature, vol. 344, pp. 467-468, Mar 29 1990.
[157] C. Tuerk and L. Gold, "Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment - Rna Ligands to Bacteriophage-T4 DNA-Polymerase," Science, vol. 249, pp. 505-510, Aug 3 1990.
[158] Ellington, A.D., Szostak, J.W., " In Vitro Selection of RNA Molecules that Bind Specific Ligands," Nature, vol. 346, pp. 818–822, 1990.
[159] J. M. Burke and A. Berzalherranz, "Invitro Selection and Evolution of Rna - Applications for Catalytic Rna, Molecular Recognition, and Drug Discovery," Faseb Journal, vol. 7, pp. 106-112, Jan 1993.
[160] B. Strehlitz, et al., "Protein detection with aptamer biosensors," Sensors, vol. 8, pp. 4296-4307, Jul 2008.
[161] K. Sefah, et al., "Nucleic acid aptamers for biosensors and bio-analytical applications," Analyst, vol. 134, pp. 1765-1775, 2009.
[162] H. Z. Kang, et al., "A liposome-based nanostructure for aptamer directed delivery," Chemical Communications, vol. 46, pp. 249-251, 2010.
[163] A. Cibiel, et al., "Methods To Identify Aptamers against Cell Surface Biomarkers," Pharmaceuticals, vol. 4, pp. 1216-1235, 2011.
[164] A. Cibiel, et al., "In vivo uses of aptamers selected against cell surface biomarkers for therapy and molecular imaging," Biochimie, vol. 94, pp. 1595-1606, Jul 2012.
[165] P. Wang, et al., "Aptamers as Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Diseases," Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 18, pp. 4169-4174, Sep 2011.
[166] O. C. Farokhzad, et al., "Nanopartide-aptamer bioconjugates: A new approach for targeting prostate cancer cells," Cancer Research, vol. 64, pp. 7668-7672, Nov 1 2004.
[167] M. Li, et al., "Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate with an Aptamer Biosensor Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 84, pp. 2837-2842, Mar 20 2012.
[168] R. A. Potyrailo, et al., "Adapting selected nucleic acid ligands (aptamers) to biosensors," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 70, pp. 3419-3425, Aug 15 1998.
[169] William James, Aptamers, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry ,R.A. Meyers (Ed.), pp. 4848–4871, 2000.
[170] G. S. Bang, et al., "A novel electrochemical detection method for aptamer biosensors," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 21, pp. 863-870, Dec 15 2005.
[171] S. Tombelli, et al., "Aptamer-based biosensors for the detection of HIV-1 Tat protein," Bioelectrochemistry, vol. 67, pp. 135-141, Oct 2005.
[172] M. C. Rodriguez, et al., "Aptamer biosensor for label-free impedance spectroscopy detection of proteins based on recognition-induced switching of the surface charge," Chemical Communications, pp. 4267-4269, 2005.
[173] H. Y. Zhu, et al., "Aptamer based microsphere biosensor for thrombin detection," Sensors, vol. 6, pp. 785-795, Aug 2006.
[174] S. C. B. Gopinath, "Methods developed for SELEX," Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 387, pp. 171-182, Jan 2007.
[175] A. K. H. Cheng, et al., "Aptamer-based biosensors for label-free voltammetric detection of lysozyme," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 79, pp. 5158-5164, Jul 15 2007.
[176] W. Mok and Y. F. Li, "Recent Progress in Nucleic Acid Aptamer-Based Biosensors and Bioassays," Sensors, vol. 8, pp. 7050-7084, Nov 2008.
[177] Y. S. Kim, et al., "Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors," Biochip Journal, vol. 2, pp. 175-182, Sep 20 2008.
[178] F. Meng, et al., "Aptamer-based electrochemical Biosensors for highly selective and quantitative detection of adenosine," Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, vol. 24, pp. 138-142, Mar 2008.
[179] S. P. Song, et al., "Aptamer-based biosensors," Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 27, pp. 108-117, Feb 2008.
[180] X. D. Fan, et al., "Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: A review," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 620, pp. 8-26, Jul 14 2008.
[181] A. K. H. Cheng, et al., "Design and testing of aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors for proteins and small molecules," Bioelectrochemistry, vol. 77, pp. 1-12, Nov 2009.
[182] M. N. Velasco-Garcia and S. Missailidis, "New trends in aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors," Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology, vol. 13, pp. 1-9, Jun 2009.
[183] T. C. Chiu and C. C. Huang, "Aptamer-Functionalized Nano-Biosensors," Sensors, vol. 9, pp. 10356-10388, Dec 2009.
[184] L. H. Lei, et al., "Aptamer-Based Electrochemical Biosensors," Progress in Chemistry, vol. 21, pp. 724-731, Apr 2009.
[185] G. Lautner, et al., "Aptamer-based biochips for label-free detection of plant virus coat proteins by SPR imaging," Analyst, vol. 135, pp. 918-926, 2010.
[186] K. Han, et al., "Design Strategies for Aptamer-Based Biosensors," Sensors, vol. 10, pp. 4541-4557, May 2010.
[187] K. Han, et al., "Design Strategies for Aptamer-Based Biosensors," Sensors, vol. 10, pp. 4541-4557, May 2010.
[188] L. L. He, et al., "Aptamer-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of ricin in liquid foods," Chemical Science, vol. 2, pp. 1579-1582, 2011.
[189] R. E. Wang, et al., "Aptamer-Based Fluorescent Biosensors," Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 18, pp. 4175-4184, Sep 2011.
[190] Z. M. Zhou, et al., "A new strategy for the detection of adenosine triphosphate by aptamer/quantum dot biosensor based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer," Analyst, vol. 137, pp. 4262-4266, 2012.
[191] Y. X. Wang, et al., "Application of Aptamer Based Biosensors for Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms," Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 40, pp. 634-642, Apr 2012.
[192] S. C. B. Gopinath, "Methods developed for SELEX," Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 387, pp. 171-182, Jan 2007.
[193] B. E. Eaton and W. A. Pieken, "Ribonucleosides and Rna," Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol. 64, pp. 837-863, 1995.
[194] S. Balamurugan, et al., "Designing highly specific biosensing surfaces using aptamer monolayers on gold," Langmuir, vol. 22, pp. 6446-6453, Jul 4 2006.
[195] M. Blank and M. Blind, "Aptamers as tools for target validation," Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, vol. 9, pp. 336-342, Aug 2005.
[196] Salvagnini, C., " Thrombin inhibitors grafting on polyester membranes for the preparation of blood-compatible materials," The doctoral dissertation, 2005.
[197] G. J. Despotis, et al., "Anticoagulation monitoring during cardiac surgery - A review of current and emerging techniques," Anesthesiology, vol. 91, pp. 1122-1151, Oct 1999.
[198] C. A. Holland, et al., "Effect of oligodeoxynucleotide thrombin aptamer on thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II and antithrombin," Febs Letters, vol. 484, pp. 87-91, Nov 3 2000.
[199] L. Martino, et al., "A new modified thrombin binding aptamer containing a 5 '-5 ' inversion of polarity site," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 34, pp. 6653-6662, Dec 2006.
[200] A. D. Ellington and J. W. Szostak, "Selection Invitro of Single-Stranded-DNA Molecules That Fold into Specific Ligand-Binding Structures," Nature, vol. 355, pp. 850-852, Feb 27 1992.
[201] L. C. Bock, et al., "Selection of Single-Stranded-DNA Molecules That Bind and Inhibit Human Thrombin," Nature, vol. 355, pp. 564-566, Feb 6 1992.
[202] K. Padmanabhan, et al., "The Structure of Alpha-Thrombin Inhibited by a 15-Mer Single-Stranded-DNA Aptamer," Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, pp. 17651-17654, Aug 25 1993.
[203] G. Mayer, et al., "Aptamer-based modulation of blood coagulation," Hamostaseologie, vol. 31, pp. 258-263, Nov 2011.
[204] Y. C. Shiang, et al., "Gold Nanoparticles Presenting Hybridized Self-Assembled Aptamers That Exhibit Enhanced Inhibition of Thrombin," Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, vol. 50, pp. 7660-7665, 2011.
[205] A. Rangnekar, et al., "Increased anticoagulant activity of thrombin-binding DNA aptamers by nanoscale organization on DNA nanostructures," Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine, vol. 8, pp. 673-681, Jul 2012.
[206] D. M. Tasset, et al., "Oligonucleotide inhibitors of human thrombin that bind distinct epitopes," Journal of Molecular Biology, vol. 272, pp. 688-698, Oct 10 1997.
[207] W. X. Li, et al., "A Novel Nucleotide-Based Thrombin Inhibitor Inhibits Clot-Bound Thrombin and Reduces Arterial Platelet Thrombus Formation," Blood, vol. 83, pp. 677-682, Feb 1 1994.
[208] J. A. Latham, et al., "The Application of a Modified Nucleotide in Aptamer Selection - Novel Thrombin Aptamers Containing 5-(1-Pentynyl)-2'-Deoxyuridine," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 22, pp. 2817-2822, Jul 25 1994.
[209] M. F. Kubik, et al., "High-Affinity Rna Ligands to Human Alpha-Thrombin," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 22, pp. 2619-2626, Jul 11 1994.
[210] S. M. Nimjee, et al., "Synergistic effect of aptamers that inhibit exosites 1 and 2 on thrombin," Rna-a Publication of the Rna Society, vol. 15, pp. 2105-2111, Dec 2009.
[211] Y. Kato, et al., "New NTP analogs: the synthesis of 4 '-thioUTP and 4 '-thioCTP and their utility for SELEX," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 33, pp. 2942-2951, 2005.
[212] I. D. Block, et al., "Sensitivity model for predicting photonic crystal biosensor performance," Ieee Sensors Journal, vol. 8, pp. 274-280, Mar-Apr 2008.
[213] N. Ganesh, et al., "Near ultraviolet-wavelength photonic-crystal biosensor with enhanced surface-to-bulk sensitivity ratio," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 89, Jul 10 2006.
[214] M. Lu, et al., "Label free biosensor incorporating a replica-molded, vertically emitting distributed feedback laser," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 92, Jun 30 2008.
[215] C. L. Hsu, et al., "Bulk-micromachined optical filter based on guided-mode resonance in silicon-nitride membrane," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 24, pp. 1922-1928, Apr 2006.
[216] M. El Beheiry, et al., "Sensitivity enhancement in photonic crystal slab biosensors," Optics Express, vol. 18, pp. 22702-22714, Oct 25 2010.
[217] G. Roelkens, et al., "Bridging the Gap Between Nanophotonic Waveguide Circuits and Single Mode Optical Fibers Using Diffractive Grating Structures," Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 10, pp. 1551-1562, Mar 2010.
[218] T.C. Chen, et al., "The Study of the Characteristic of Ag Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution on Surface Plasmon Wave," JOURNAL OF C.C.I.T., vol.33, no.1, 2004.
[219] B. T. Lee, et al., "Fabrication of polymeric large-core waveguides for optical interconnects using a rubber molding process," Ieee Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 12, pp. 62-64, Jan 2000.
[220] J. Dostalek, et al., "Rich information format surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on array of diffraction gratings," Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, vol. 107, pp. 154-161, May 27 2005.
[221] Y. S. Kim, et al., "Nanofeature-patterned polymer mold fabrication toward precisely defined nanostructure replication," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 17, pp. 5867-5870, Nov 15 2005.
[222] M. J. Lee, et al., "Antiadhesion surface treatments of molds for high-resolution unconventional lithography," Advanced Materials, vol. 18, pp. 3115-+, Dec 4 2006.
[223] D. R. Barbero, et al., "High resolution nanoimprinting with a robust and reusable polymer mold," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 17, pp. 2419-2425, Sep 24 2007.
[224] Y. H. Cho, et al., "Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio polymer nanochannels using a novel Si nanoimprint mold and solvent-assisted sealing," Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, vol. 9, pp. 163-170, Aug 2010.
[225] C. C. Hong, et al., "Fabrication of Morphology-Controlled Sub-20-nm Polymer Nanotip and Nanopore Arrays Using an Identical Nanograss Mold," Macromolecules, vol. 43, pp. 7722-7728, Sep 28 2010.
[226] J. S. Choi, et al., "Fabrication of various cross-sectional shaped polymer microchannels by a simple PDMS mold based stamping method," Biochip Journal, vol. 6, pp. 240-246, Sep 20 2012.
[227] H. J. Lee, et al., "Negative mold transfer patterned conductive polymer electrode for flexible organic light-emitting diodes," Organic Electronics, vol. 14, pp. 416-422, Jan 2013.
[228] B. Li, et al., "A sandwiched flexible polymer mold for control of particle-induced defects in nanoimprint lithography," Applied Physics a-Materials Science & Processing, vol. 110, pp. 123-128, Jan 2013.
[229] M. Bender, et al., "Fabrication of Nanostructures using a UV-based imprint technique," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 53, pp. 233-236, Jun 2000.
[230] H. Hiroshima, et al., "Uniformity in patterns imprinted using photo-curable liquid polymer," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 1-Regular Papers Short Notes & Review Papers, vol. 41, pp. 4173-4177, Jun 2002.
[231] P. J. Yoo, et al., "Unconventional patterning with a modulus-tunable mold: From imprinting to microcontact printing," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 16, pp. 5000-5005, Nov 30 2004.
[232] J. Park, et al., "Chemically nanopatterned surfaces using polyelectrolytes and ultraviolet-cured hard molds," Nano Letters, vol. 5, pp. 1347-1350, Jul 2005.
[233] D. G. Choi, et al., "Fluorinated organic-inorganic hybrid mold as a new stamp for nanoimprint and soft lithography," Langmuir, vol. 21, pp. 9390-9392, Oct 11 2005.
[234] C. J. Choi and B. T. Cunningham, "Single-step fabrication and characterization of photonic crystal biosensors with polymer microfluidic channels," Lab on a Chip, vol. 6, pp. 1373-1380, Oct 2006.
[235] N. Y. Lee, et al., "Selective patterning and immobilization of biomolecules within precisely- defined micro-reservoirs," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 21, pp. 2188-2193, May 15 2006.
[236] W. Hu, et al., "Three-dimensional SU-8 structures by reversal UV imprint," Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, vol. 24, pp. 2225-2229, Sep-Oct 2006.
[237] S. Gilles, et al., "UV nanoimprint lithography with rigid polymer molds," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 86, pp. 661-664, Apr-Jun 2009.
[238] Y. W. Choi, et al., "Preparation of a Superhydrophobic Film with UV Imprinting Technology," Macromolecular Research, vol. 17, pp. 821-824, Oct 2009.
[239] L. Yu, et al., "High-performance UV-curable epoxy resin-based microarray and microfluidic immunoassay devices," Biosensors & Bioelectronics, vol. 24, pp. 2997-3002, Jun 15 2009.
[240] H. Gu, et al., "A hybrid microfluidic chip with electrowetting functionality using ultraviolet (UV)-curable polymer," Lab on a Chip, vol. 10, pp. 1550-1556, 2010.
[241] I. Ryu, et al., "Effective surface oxidation of polymer replica molds for nanoimprint lithography," Nanoscale Research Letters, vol. 7, pp. 1-4, Jan 5 2012.
[242] C. W. Peng, et al., "UV-curable nanocasting technique to prepare bio-mimetic super-hydrophobic non-fluorinated polymeric surfaces for advanced anticorrosive coatings," Polymer Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 926-932, 2013.
[243] H. Parsa, et al., "Effect of volume- and time-based constraints on capture of analytes in microfluidic heterogeneous immunoassays," Lab on a Chip, vol. 8, pp. 2062-2070, 2008.
[244] S. Kim, et al., "Estimation of dispersion stability of UV/ozone treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their electrical properties," Carbon, vol. 51, pp. 346-354, Jan 2013.
[245] C. E. Lue, et al., "Optimization of Urea-EnFET Based on Ta2O5 Layer with Post Annealing," Sensors, vol. 11, pp. 4562-4571, May 2011.
[246] G. Y. Jung, et al., "Vapor-phase self-assembled monolayer for improved mold release in nanoimprint lithography," Langmuir, vol. 21, pp. 1158-1161, Feb 15 2005.
[247] G. Y. Jung, et al., "Improved pattern transfer in nanoimprint lithography at 30 nm half-pitch by substrate-surface functionalization," Langmuir, vol. 21, pp. 6127-6130, Jul 5 2005.
[248] W. Senaratne, et al., "Self-assembled monolayers and polymer brushes in biotechnology: Current applications and future perspectives," Biomacromolecules, vol. 6, pp. 2427-2448, Sep-Oct 2005.
[249] W. M. Zhou, et al., "Characterization of anti-adhesive self-assembled monolayer for nanoimprint lithography," Applied Surface Science, vol. 255, pp. 2885-2889, Dec 30 2008.
[250] C. L. Haynes and R. P. Van Duyne, "Nanosphere lithography: A versatile nanofabrication tool for studies of size-dependent nanoparticle optics," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 105, pp. 5599-5611, Jun 21 2001.
[251] S. F. Lin, et al., "A Guided Mode Resonance Aptasensor for Thrombin Detection," Sensors, vol. 11, pp. 8953-8965, Sep 2011.