臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文針對鋰鐵電池放電特性進行研究，經由多次的間歇式放電實驗，並且在實驗中控制各種影響特性因素：如放電電流、環境溫度、電池電量等。分析實驗所得到的電池端電壓曲線，獲得出適當的電池等效電路模型，及模型中參數的方程式。所獲得的模型元件參數，都是電池放電電流和電池剩餘電量的函數。並利用模型所構成的等效電路，去模擬電池在靜置狀態下的動態行為。最後利用得到的電池模型，透過數值方法，設計一套演算法，藉由量測到的電池電壓以及電流進行電池剩餘電量的估測。經過實驗測試，此方法可獲得小於5%電池殘量誤差的估測。

誌謝.......................................................................................................................I
摘要......................................................................................................................II
Abstract...............................................................................................................III
目錄....................................................................................................................IV
圖表目錄............................................................................................................VI
第一章 緒論........................................................................................................1
1-1 研究背景..................................................................................1
1-2 研究動機與目的......................................................................2
1-3 論文大綱..................................................................................3
第二章 鋰電池之簡介........................................................................................5
2-1 鋰電池的構造與化學反應......................................................5
2-2 電池SOC估測法.......................................................................7
2-3 電池電路等效模型..................................................................9
第三章 電池模型..............................................................................................11
3-1 定義SOC.................................................................................11
3-2 實驗規劃................................................................................12
3-3 模型建立................................................................................15
V
3-3-1 開路電壓.........................................................................15
3-3-2 無載端電壓分析.............................................................17
3-4 模型參數................................................................................23
第四章 SOC估測..............................................................................................35
4-1 電池端電壓模擬....................................................................35
4-1-1 電池模型之電路分析.....................................................35
4-1-2 電池端電壓曲線模擬.....................................................36
4-2 估測SOC.................................................................................40
4-3 變動電流下SOC估測.............................................................47
4-4 溫度與模型參數之關係........................................................49
第五章 結論與未來研究方向..........................................................................55
5-1 結論........................................................................................55
5-2 未來研究方向........................................................................55
參考文獻............................................................................................................57

圖表目錄
圖 2-1圓柱型鋰離子電池構造圖[5].................................................................5
圖 2-2鋰電池電化學示意圖[6].........................................................................6
圖 2-3電池等效電路模型..................................................................................9
圖 2-4考慮自我放電模型................................................................................10
圖 2-5考慮充放電不同參數模型...................................................................10
圖 3-1量測系統示意圖....................................................................................13
圖 3-2電壓紀錄週期示意圖（0.1C）............................................................13
圖 3-3 0.1C放電結束後的電池端電壓變化...................................................16
圖 3-4電池放電實驗過程與E曲線...............................................................16
圖 3-5放電電流不同時E與SOC的關係.....................................................17
圖 3-6以0.1C放電後的靜置電壓與時間關係圖..........................................18
圖 3-7轉換後靜置電壓與近似曲線...............................................................18
圖 3-8最小平方誤差........................................................................................19
圖 3-9切割靜置電壓分成前後兩段示意圖...................................................20
圖 3-10前段電壓近似結果..............................................................................21
圖 3-11第三段電壓近似結果..........................................................................22
圖 3-12電池等效模型......................................................................................23

圖 3-13使用三個指數函數近似靜置電壓.....................................................24
圖 3-14求取參數的程式流程圖.....................................................................25
圖 3-15不同電流下Rt與SOC的關係...........................................................26
圖 3-16不同電流下Rs與SOC的關係...........................................................27
圖 3-17不同電流下Rm與SOC的關係..........................................................27
圖 3-18不同電流下Rf與SOC的關係...........................................................28
圖 3-19不同電流下Cs與SOC的關係...........................................................28
圖 3-20不同電流下Cm與SOC的關係..........................................................29
圖 3-21不同電流下Cf與SOC的關係...........................................................29
圖 3-22 Rt正規化後近似曲線..........................................................................31
圖 3-23 Rs正規化後近似曲線.........................................................................32
圖 3-24 Rm正規化後近似曲線.........................................................................32
圖 3-25 Rf正規化後近似曲線..........................................................................33
圖 3-26 Cs正規化後近似曲線.........................................................................33
圖 3-27 Cm正規化後近似曲線........................................................................34
圖 3-28 Cf近似曲線..........................................................................................34
圖 4-1模擬端電壓vb流程圖...........................................................................37
圖 4-2 0.1C電池端電壓模擬曲線與量測電壓...............................................38
圖 4-3 0.3C電池端電壓模擬曲線與量測電壓...............................................38

圖 4-4 0.5C電池端電壓模擬曲線與量測電壓...............................................39
圖 4-5 0.9C電池端電壓模擬曲線與量測電壓...............................................39
圖 4-6牛頓－拉夫森法求解流程...................................................................42
圖 4-7 0.1C定電流下之SOC估測結果.........................................................43
圖 4-8 0.1C定電流下之SOC誤差.................................................................43
圖 4-9 0.3C定電流下之SOC估測結果.........................................................44
圖 4-10 0.3C定電流下之SOC誤差...............................................................44
圖 4-11 0.5C定電流下之SOC估測結果.......................................................45
圖 4-12 0.5C定電流下之SOC誤差...............................................................45
圖 4-13 0.9C定電流下之SOC估測結果.......................................................46
圖 4-14 0.9C定電流下之SOC誤差...............................................................46
圖 4-15變電流實驗之量測電壓與放電電流.................................................47
圖 4-16變動電流之SOC估測結果................................................................48
圖 4-17變動電流之SOC誤差........................................................................48
圖 4-18 Rt參數在不同溫度下與SOC變化情形............................................50
圖 4-19 Rs參數在不同溫度下與SOC變化情形...........................................50
圖 4-20 Rm參數在不同溫度下與SOC變化情形...........................................51
圖 4-21 Rf參數在不同溫度下與SOC變化情形............................................51
圖 4-22 Cs參數在不同溫度下與SOC變化情形...........................................52
IX
圖 4-23 Cm參數在不同溫度下與SOC變化情形..........................................52
圖 4-24 Cf參數在不同溫度下與SOC變化情形............................................53
表 3-1電壓取樣區間說明................................................................................14

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