臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

養豬產業從以前的兼業飼養到現今的規模式飼養，廢水處理模式已是原先田地排放所無法涵蓋，目前多數養豬戶因廢水進流濃度不穩定、廢水量過大抑或季節變化，均造成廢水處理設施功能無法彰顯。有關三段式處理效益之研究，皆在70年代完成，已不符合現今情勢，因此本研究的目的在於探討經過三段式處理之養豬廢水其水量與季節間的關聯性，透由本研究統計2007年到2012年資料，了解環境因素對一貫式豬場廢水處理之影響，進而尋找最適方式。
本研究試驗場地位於嘉義縣台糖南靖畜殖場，試驗分為涼季、溫季及熱季三個季節，試驗分三大部份，第一部分為季節與放流水量及水力停留時間的關係，結果指出放流水量的平均值在涼季為10,077.96公噸，溫季為11,036.44公噸，熱季為12,314.07公噸。水力停留時間的平均值在涼季為25.19天，溫季為22.88天，熱季為20.39天。在熱季的放流水量比涼季多(P &;lt; 0.001)，且因為放流水量的關係，所以在熱季的水力停留時間比涼季少(P &;lt; 0.001)。在季節與放流水量的趨勢為熱季>溫季>涼季。在季節與水力停留時間的趨勢為涼季>溫季>熱季；第二部分為季節與原廢水水質及放流水水質的關係，在原廢水的部分，水溫與pH顯著受季節
影響(水溫：P &;lt; 0.001；pH：P &;lt; 0.05)。在放流水的部分，BOD的平均值在涼季為70.44 mg/L，在溫季為52.86 mg/L，在熱季為37.99 mg/L。COD的平均值在涼季為441.74 mg/L，在溫季為349.47 mg/L，在熱季為268 mg/L。放流水的BOD與COD均顯示在熱季的水質比涼季好(P &;lt; 0.001)，放流水之BOD及COD處理效果上依季節排序依序為熱季>溫季>涼季；第三部分為豬隻所消耗的飼料量及糞渣產出量與季節的關係，飼料消耗量的平均值在涼季為173.44公噸，在溫季為166.64公噸，在熱季為153.62公噸。糞渣產出量的平均值在涼季為34.89公噸，在溫季為33.83公噸，在熱季為31.87公噸。在涼季消耗的飼料量比熱季多，且當飼料消耗多，糞渣產出量也隨之增加(P &;lt; 0.001)，在飼料消耗量及糞渣產出量依季節排序依序為涼季>溫季>熱季。
由於養豬廢水的水質受養豬場豬隻飼養頭數、飼養方式及沖洗水來源等的影響，其理化特性十分複雜，且彼此之間各項水質的歧異也頗大，甚至相同的處理場隨著時間、季節的不同，其水質也有很大的差異，故從實際廢水的條件中，欲歸納出單一變因以確認對水質的影響並不容易。由上述結果得知，季節與放流水量及水力停留時間對於養豬廢水影響顯著，依據本試驗可看出季節對放流水量、水力停留時間、水質和豬場飼料消耗量及糞渣產出量的趨勢。在養豬廢水的處理上，依現今政府規定的廢水排放標準，在熱季和溫季時，放流水大多可符合標準。但在涼季，因氣溫降低，使微生物的活性降低，廢水處理效率大受影響，放流水的水質普遍較熱季及溫季差，且在涼季放流水水質較易超過排放標準，所以在涼季時，因微生物活性較差，必要時，可控制水量，利用減少原廢水的進流量，以增加水力停留時間使微生物的作用時間增長，來達到增進水質之功效。

Currently, hog industry has transformed from family business to a large-scaled industry. The amount of effluent water is already way over a farm’s ability to dispose wastewater. Furthermore, the environment pollution, green house effects and green awareness make public aware of controlling water pollution generated by hog industry. All these explain the importance of having 3-step wastewater disposal pipeline techniques. Currently, because of the variation in the wastewater inflow amount, the huge volume of wastewater and seasonal change, the wastewater treatment facilities in most hog companies cannot fully function. Furthermore, when hog solid disposals are soaped in water, they are dissolved into water. This phenomenon increases the waste level and reduces the level of the organic components and the efficiency of resource recycling. Additionally, all related research about the
benefit of using 3-step waste water disposal pipeline techniques have been conducted in 1980s and cannot reflect the current hog industry status. Therefore, this work would like to analyze the statistical data collected from 2007 to 2012 to understand the impacts of environmental factors on the wastewater disposal pipeline in a hog industry and to seek a good solution for waste water disposal.
This work is conducted in the Nan-Jin branch of Taiwan Sugar Corporation in Jia-Yi and the experiments separate into cool seasons, warm seasons and hot seasons. This work has conducted three experiments: The first experiment explores the relationship of the water usage and retention period with different seasons. We found that a cool season uses average 10,077.96 tons, a warm season uses average 11,036.44 tons and a hot season uses average 12,314.07 tons of water. The water retention period in a cool season is average 25.19 days, The water retention period in a warm season is average 22.88 days and the water retention period in a hot season is average 20.39 days. The water usage in a hot season is larger than a cool season with
P &;lt; 0.001 and the water retention period in a hot season is shorter than a cool season with P &;lt; 0.001. The water usage trend is hot season＞ warm season > cool season. The water retention period is cool season＞ warm season＞ hot
season. The second experiment explores the relationship between seasonal water usage and the quality of effluent water. When checking the wastewater quality at the entrance, the seasonal change is an important factor on the water temperature and pH ( water temperature with P &;lt; 0.001; pH with P &;lt; 0.05). BOD of effluent water in a cool season is 70.44 mg/L, BOD in a warm season is 52.86 mg/L and BOD in a hot season is 37.99 mg/L. COD of effluent water in a cool season is 441.74 mg/L, COD in a warm season is 349.47 mg/L and COD in a hot season is 268 mg/L. Based on COD and BOD, the water quality
is better in a hot season than in a cool season with P &;lt; 0.001. The processing efficiency of effluent water BOD and COD is hot season＞warm season＞cool season. The third experiment explores the relationship between the consumed forage volume and the amount of dropping. Consumed forage volume in a cool season is average 173.44 tons, consumed forage volume in a warm season is average 166.64 tons and consumed forage volume in a cool season is average 153.62 tons. The amount of dropping in a cool season is average 34.89 tons, the amount of dropping in a warm season is average 33.83 tons, the amount of dropping in hot season is average 31.87 tons. The consumed forage volume is larger in a cool season than in a hot season with P &;lt; 0.001. The consumed forage volume and the amount of dropping is cool season＞warm season＞hot season.
Generally the quality of wastewater is affected by the number of the hogs, the feeding method, the source of syringing water and other factors. It is too complex to understand the relationship of these factors on the quality of wastewater. Even the same handling site has different quality of wastewater when the season is different. Therefore, it is not easy to identify the effect of a single factor. According to the previous discussion, the seasonal temperature, water retention period and water consumption have large impact on the effluent water. This work shows that the seasonal temperature has significant effects on the water volume, retention period, waste water quality, the consumed forage and the amount of dropping. According to the current government regulations, the effluent water quality can fulfill the requirement in a hot and warm season. However, in a cool season because the temperature decreases, the decomposing abilities of germ decrease to reduce the wastewater handling abilities. As a result, the water quality are the worst in the three experimental seasons. The recommendation is to reduce the amount of wastewater volume to increase the processing time of germ to improve the water quality.

摘 要 I
Abstract III
誌 謝 VI
目 錄 VII
圖表目錄 IX
第壹章 緒論 1
一、前言 1
二、研究目的 2
第貳章 文獻檢討 3
一、台灣豬隻飼養現況 3
二、養豬廢水之污染情形 4
三、豬隻排泄物污染量 5
四、養豬廢水之特性 8
五、養豬廢水之處理方法 11
六、台糖公司豬糞尿廢水之處理流程－兼曝氣處理系統 18
七、豬糞尿二級處理排放水之特性與標準 20
八、廢水之生物處理之影響因子 22
九、豬隻排泄量的減廢方法 28
十、溫度與水力停留時間對養豬廢水之影響 33
第參章 材料與方法 34
一、試驗場所 34
二、豬場背景資料 34
三、試驗時間及資料收集 34
四、廢水處理設備規範 34
五、分析項目 36
六、分析方法 37
七、試驗設計 47
八、統計分析 47
第肆章 結果與討論 48
試驗一、季節與放流水量及水力停留時間的關係 48
試驗二、季節與原廢水水質及放流水水質的關係 49
試驗三、豬隻所消耗的飼料量與糞渣產出量的關係 54
第伍章 結論與建議 55
參考文獻 57
附錄 65
作者簡介 81

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行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所http://www.niea.gov.tw/。
行政院農業委員會http://www.coa.gov.tw/。
行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所http://www.tlri.gov.tw。
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