臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在聲納方程式中，海洋環境噪音(Ocean Ambient Noise)是重要的參數之一，且由許多複雜的機制所組成，如風雨、生物及船舶等聲源，因此需從各種不同角度來分析，才能真正掌握其複雜的特性。而環境噪音的聲源中，降雨所造成的環境噪音涵蓋的頻率非常廣，若能對該海域的降雨環境噪音有更多瞭解，即可預估降雨對水下通訊與探測之影響。根據中央氣象局統計顯示，台灣東北角為全台降雨最多的區域。本研究利用交通部中央氣象局MACHO系統（Marine Cable Hosted Observatory，台灣東部海域海纜觀測系統），2011年及2012年於宜蘭頭城外海量測的聲學資料，並配合實驗地點附近的蘇澳氣象站之氣象資料，觀察兩資料時間序列的變動。比較各季節資料在統計上平均值與標準差，還有預估公式的斜率和截距的差異性，以及使用判定係數（Coefficient of Determination, r2）來檢定是否有相關性。並藉由降雨強度分類相對應的環境噪音，觀察降雨噪音在各頻率的特徵，了解降雨強度與水下噪音之相關性。海洋環境噪音會隨著時間以及聲源的變動而有所變化，因此必須經過比較與探討了解其特性。本論文從統計數據交叉比較，觀察各季節的頻率、環境噪音位準大小與分佈，再加上氣象資料分佈與日夜噪音位凖分析，推測造成這些差異的原因，做為往後分析環境噪音的參考資訊，並提供降雨噪音預估公式及降雨噪音預估曲線，進一步對聲納效能預估有實質貢獻。

The ocean ambient noise is one of the important parameters in sonar equation. The ocean ambient noise includes diverse and complex sources like waves, rain, marine life, ships, and etc. Using different ways to analyze are needed to understand the complicated properties of ambient noise. According to the data of Central Weather Bureau, northeastern Taiwan is the area with most rainfall in Taiwan. Among all kinds of ambient noise, rain-generated noise is wide in frequency range, if we know more about the rain-generated noise at sea, we can predict the effect of rainfall on underwater communication and survey. In this article, the ambient noise data were collected from MACHO（Marine Cable Hosted Observatory）system at northeastern sea of Taiwan in 2011 and 2012. Applying corresponding rainfall intensity data to observed noise level time series, observed ambient noise characteristic of each frquencies. Correlation analysis between rainfall intensity and underwater noise was performed, so the rain-generated noise level can be predicted by linear regression. The ocean ambient noise still has variations due to time and variance of sound sources, so it is important to be investigated. This study compares the statistical properties and distribution of ambient noise level at different frequencies and rainfall intensities, and also seasonal variation were discussed. Speculated the reasons for these differences, this can be the information of ambient noise analysis.

論文審定書 i
謝誌 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vi
表次 viii
圖次 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 海洋環境噪音 4
1.3 海上降雨與環境噪音 6
1.3.1 相關理論 6
1.3.2 降雨實測 9
1.4 研究目的 10
1.5 本文架構 11
第二章 理論與方法 12
2.1 統計分析 12
2.1.1 基礎統計方法 12
2.1.2 相關係數 14
2.1.2 迴歸分析 15
2.1.3 判定係數 16
2.1.4 殘差分析 17
2.1.5 偏率及尖率 18
2.2 噪音位準 20
第三章 實驗介紹與資料處理 21
3.1 實驗介紹 21
3.1.1 MACHO計畫 21
3.1.2 MACHO聲學儀器 23
3.1.3 SHRU實驗資料 25
3.1.4 降雨資料 26
3.2 資料處理 28
第四章 統計與迴歸分析 31
4.1 氣象資料分析 31
4.2 東北海域環境噪音分析 35
4.2.1 噪音位準 35
4.2.2 日夜頻譜分析 37
4.2.3 噪音位準分佈 41
4.3 SHRU聲學資料比較 46
4.3.1 背景噪音 46
4.3.2 降雨事件噪音 49
4.4 迴歸分析結果 54
4.5 判定係數分析 58
4.6 降雨噪音預估 62
第五章 結論與建議 68
5.1 結論 68
5.2 建議 70
參考文獻 71

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