臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

自2001年開始，仿濕地特性做模場試驗研究進而施作人工濕地廢水現地處理育等自然處理、生態保育等相關議題蔚為風潮，政府相關單位積極補助人工濕地淨水工程與生態復育等等計畫。然而，在施作人工濕地後，少部分工程案因成效不彰；因此，有關單位開始檢討並進行相關計畫的成效評估，同時亦減少補助對人工濕地施作的計畫案。
有鑑於此，本研究蒐集國內外濕地評估及評價方法，初期透過建立人工濕地計畫的整合性評估流程後，進行二階段人工濕地功能評估問卷，依據文獻資料及DPSIR模式、設計專家問卷，並以功能指標關聯性評估分析，發展出整合性人工濕地功能評估系統。進行問卷前，先進行篩選問卷指標項目問卷，將濕地功能評估項目，劃分為生物條件評估、非生物條件及價值評估3個面向，9個主指標及58項次指標。研究結果顯示，一般人工濕地運作評核項目下，應可加重水文與地質、景觀設置及社經面的公眾意識及教育這方面的權重，但若能加權人工濕地生態功能之植物物種與族群指標，應能加強人工濕地評估的完整性。接著，依據篩選後的功能指標內容，5項指標，32項次指標，進行二階段專家問卷，由問卷結果，確定6項功能面向，13項指標，30項次指標以及61項變數，以各指標間所對應之指標關聯性作為係數，及各指標問卷所得之適切重要性作為個別功能數值，建立人工濕地功能指標評估架構以及評估模式。
經由上述研究建立之人工濕地功能評估模式，於大鵬灣六處人工濕地之案例分析後，其濕地所呈現之功能與當初設置目的相符。未來可再修正功能評估內容，作為長期性評估，並將其間人工濕地之變化資訊化，建置成大鵬灣人工濕地功能評估之網站系統，可隨時查詢歷年功能變化，作為鵬管處監督管理參考。甚至可以發展成快速評估濕地功能網站，開放給參觀濕地的民眾上網查詢濕地功能，同時可作為即時監控濕地動態，協助濕地經營單位監督管理。

Since 2001, the simulated-field tests and researches with simulations for wetland characteristics and then with the constructions for relevant issues, such as natural treatment and ecological conservation, about the on-site waste water treatment by constructed wetlands (CWs), have been a trend. And the relevant governmental authorities subsidize actively the plans regarding CW water purification engineering and ecological restoration. Nevertheless, the effects of some construction projects for the CWs are poor so that the relevant authorities begin to review them and evaluate the effects of relevant plans and decrease the subsidy to the construction plans for the CWs.
Owning to that, the methods, no matter domestic or foreign, used to evaluate and assess wetlands were collected in the current study. Initially, after the integrative evaluation procedures for CW plans were set up, the two-stage CW function evaluation questionnaire survey was conducted, the literature data and the DPSIR model were applied, the expert questionnaire was designed, and the integrative evaluation system for CW functions was developed through the function indicator correlation evaluation and analysis. Prior to the aforesaid survey, the questionnaire survey used to screen the questionnaire indicator items was conducted, which divided the wetland function evaluation items into three phases, biological condition evaluation, non-biological condition evaluation, and value evaluation, nine major indicators and 58 sub-indicators. The study results showed that, under general CW operation evaluation items, the weight of indicators such as “hydrology and geology”, “landscape setting”, and “public awareness and education” must be increased and the evaluation would be more complete if the weight of indicator “plant species and population” for CW ecological function was strengthened. Subsequently, based on the contents of the selected function-indicators, five indicators and 32 sub-indicators, the two-stage expert questionnaire was administered. With the results of the questionnaire, six phases, 13 indicators, 30 sub-indicators and 61 variables were confirmed. With the indicator correlation between the indicators as a coefficient, and the adequate importance obtained from the questionnaire for the indicators as an independent function value, the structure and mode for CW function indicator evaluation were set up.
With the CW function evaluation mode set up in this study, the case analyses for the six CWs in Dapeng Bay suggested that the functions presented in the six CWs met the original purposes for building the six CWs. In the future, the contents of the function evaluation could be modified further for long-term evaluation. And the CW changes could be Informatized for the establishment of the Dapeng Bay CW function evaluation website system for search for the function changes that occurred in the past years and for the Dapeng Bay authorities to refer to for monitoring and management. Even it could be developed to be a website for rapid CW function evaluation, opened to the public that search for wetland functions on web after visiting the wetlands. Simultaneously, it could be used for real-time monitoring of wetland dynamics in assisting the wetland operation units to monitor and manage the wetlands.

目 錄

謝誌………………………………………………………………………..…………..ii
摘要…………………………………………………………………………...………iii
Abstract…………………………………………………….………………………...iv
目錄………………………………..………………………………………………….vi
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………….viii
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………....x
第一章 緒論 ............................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機與背景 ................................................................1
1.2 研究目的 ............................................................................3
1.3 研究方法與流程 ................................................................5
第二章 文獻回顧 ........................................................................................................7
2.1 人工濕地發展歷程..............................................................7
2.1 人工濕地在環境保育與環境工程角色 ............................8
2.3 台灣人工濕地政策發展......................................................16
2.4 人工濕地建置....................................................................21
2.4.1 人工濕地建置目的以及原則性…………….…………………21
2.4.2 各國濕地評估建構情形………………….……………………21
2.4.3 人工濕地計畫流程範疇界定………………..…………………26
2.5 人工濕地功能指標............................................................36
2.5.1 人工濕地功能評估目的與原則性…….……………………36
2.5.2 探討人工濕地功能指標內容……….……………………..37
第三章 研究方法 .....................................................................44
3.1 建立人工濕地功能指標評估模式......................................45
3.2 數據收集和指標的重要性排序..........................................47
第四章 結果與討論 ........................................................................54
4.1 人工濕地計畫整合性評估………......................................54
4.1.1 人工濕地計畫施作流程…………….……………….…………..54
4.1.2 人工濕地計畫面向之關聯性評估及案例分析………………..……..55
4.2 人工濕地功能指標關聯性..................................................59
4.2.1 人工濕地功能指標關聯性探討………………….………………..59
4.2.2 人工濕地功能指標關聯性評估及案例分析……….……..……..77
4.3 人工濕地功能評估........................................................... 84
4.3.1 專家問卷審查結果…………..……………..……………………85
4.3.2 專家問卷審查關聯性分析………………………………………92
4.3.3 第二次專家審查結果…………………………………..………101
4.4 案例分析........................................................................... 116
第五章 結論與建議 ...........................................................................132
5.1 人工濕地施作計劃……………………………………………...132
5.2 人工濕地關聯性評估………………..…………………………132
5.3 人工濕地功能指標評估…………………….……………………..133
5.4 建議…………………………………………………………………135
參考文獻...................................................................................136
附錄………………………………………………………………………..145

Alan, P.A. and Amanda, L.S. (1991), Method for the Comparative Evaluation of Nontidal Wetlands in the Hampshire, New Hampshire Department of Environmental Servics.
An Ecological and Functional Assessment of Urban Wetland in Central Ohio. Ohio EPA Technical Report WET/2007-3A.
Barbier, E. B., Acreman, M. and Knowler, D.,(1996). Economic valuation of wetlands: a guide for policy makers and planners. Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland, Switzerland. http://www.ramsar.org/lib/lib_valuation_e.htm.
Benyamine, M., BACKSTROM, M. and SANDEN P. (2004) Multi-objective Environmental Management in Constructed Wetland, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 90: 171–185.Bernal, B. and Mitsch, W. J. (2008) A comparison of soil carbon pools and profiles in wetlands in Costa Rica and Ohio, Ecological Engineering, 34(4): 311-323.
Birola, E., Karousakisb, K., and Koundouric, P. (2006) Using a choice experiment to account for preference heterogeneity in wetland attributes: The case of Cheimaditida wetland in Greece, Ecological Economics, 60:145–156.
Blake, D., Hinwood, A.L. and Horwitz, P. (2009) Peat fires and air quality: Volatile organic compounds and particulates, Chemosphere, 76 (3):419-423
Bond, W.K., Cox, K.W., Heberlein, T., Manning, E.W., Witty, D.R., Young, D.A., (1992). Wetland Evaluation Guild. Issues Paper, No.1992-1. Northe American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada). Available on the Internet at http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/WEG_Oct2002_s.pdf
Bobbink, R., Eltman B.B., Verhoeven, J.A., Whigham, D.F.,(2006). Wetlands: Functioning, Biodiversity Conservation and Restoration. Ecological Studies Vol.191. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 1-12.
Breaux, A, Cochrane, S., Evens, J. Martindale, M., Pavlik, B., Suer, L., Benner, D., (2005). Wetland Ecological and Compliance Assessments in the San Francisco Bay Region, California, USA. J. Environ Manag 74, 217-237.
Butcher, R., (2003). Options for the assessment and monitoring of wetland condition in Victoria. The State of Victoria, State Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Committee (SWQMAC). Available on the Internet at http://www.dse.vic.org.au.
Campbell, D. A., Cole, C. A., Brooks, R. P., (2002). A comparison of created and natural wetlands in Pennsylvania, USA. Wetl Ecol Manag 10, 41-49.
Canter, L. W. (1996). Environmental impact assessment. Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Carlisle, B. K., Smith, J. P., Hicks A. L., Largay, B. G. Garcia, S. R., (1998). Wetland Ecological Integrity: An Assessment Approach. Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. The Coastal Wetlands Ecosystem Protection Project. NOAA # NA57 OC 0470. Available on the Internet at http://www.mass.gov/czm/wetlandecologicalintegrity.pdf
Cole, C. A., (2002). The assessment of herbaceous plant cover in wetlands as an indicator of function. Ecol Indic 2, 287-293.
Cole, C. A., (2006). HGM and wetland functional assessment: Six degrees of separation from the data?. Ecol Indic 6, 485-493.
Cole, C. A., Urban C., Russo, P., Murray, J., Hoyt, D., Brooks, R. P., (2006). Comparison of the long-tern water levels of created and natural reference wetlands in northern New York, USA. Ecol Eng 27, 166-172.
Cui, B., Yang, Q., Yang, Z. and Zhang, K. (2009) Evaluating the ecological performance of wetland restoration in the Yellow River Delta, China, Ecological Engineering, 35(7):1090-1103.
Dawson, T. P., Berry, P. M. and Kampa, E. (2003) Climate change impacts on freshwater wetland habitats, Journal for Nature Conservation, 11(1):2003, 25-30.
Denny, P. (1997) Implementation of Constructed Wetlands in developing Countries, Water Science &; Technology, 35(5):22-34.
Don, F. L., Rocchio, J., Schafale, M., Nordman, C., Pyne, M., Teague, J., Foti, T., Comer, P., 2006. Ecological Integrity Assessment and Performance Measures for Wetland Mitigation. Nature Serve Arlington, Virginia, USA. Nature Serve 1101 Wilson Blvd. 15th Floor Arlington, Virginia, USA 22209 703-908-1800.
Dunn, A. L, Wofsy, S. C, v H Bright, Alfram (2009) Landscape heterogeneity, soil climate, and carbon exchange in a boreal black spruce forest, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America, 19 (2): 495-504.
Environmental Protection of Wetlands（Position Statement NO.4）(2004), Environmental Protection Authority of Austrulia .
Granger, T., Hruby, T., McMillan, A.,Peter, D., Rubey, D., Sheldon, D., Stanley, S., Stochdale, E.(2005).Wetlands in Washington State – Volume 2: Guidance for Protecting and Managing Wetlands. Washington State Department of Ecology. Publication # 05-06-008. Olympia, WA.
Gopal, B. (1999) Natural and Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Potentials and Problems, Water Science &; Technology, 40(3): 27-35.
Greenway, M. (2005) The role of constructed wetlands in secondary effluent treatment and water reuse in subtropical and arid Australia, Ecological Engineering, 25: 501–509.
Gutrich, J. J. , and Hitzhusen, F. J. (2004) Assessing the substitutability of mitigation wetlands for natural sites: estimating restoration lag costs of wetland mitigation, Ecological Economics, 48: 409– 424.
GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR CONSTRUCTED TREATMENT WETLANDS：Providing for Water Quality and Wildlife Habitat EPA 843-B-00-003.
Herath G., (2004). Incorporation community objectives in improved wetland management: the use of the analytic hierarchy process. J. Environ Manage 70, 263-273.Hey, D. L., Philippi, N. S., 1999. A Case of Wetland Restroration, John Wiley &; Sons, Inc., 63-69.
Hey, D. L., Philippi, N. S. (1999) A Case of Wetland Restroration, John Wiley &; Sons, Inc., pp63-69.
Hruby, T., (1999). Assessments of Wetland Functions: What They Are and What They Are not. Environ Manag 23(1), 75-85.
Hruby, T., Stanley, S., Granger, T., Deubendorfer, T., Lang, B., March, K., Wald, A., (2000). Method for Assessing Wetland Functions VolumeⅡ: Depressional Wetlands in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington. Part 1: Assessment Methods. Ecology Publication ＃00-06-47. 35-42.
Hruby, T., (2001). Testing the Basic Assumption of the Hydrogeomorphic Approach to Assessing Wetland Functions. Environ Manage 27(5), 749-761.
Index of Wetland Condition: Conceptual Framework and Selection of Measure. The Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment.
ITRC (Interstate Technology &; Regulatory Council). (2005). Characterization, Design, Construction, and Monitoring of Mitigation Wetlands Council. WTLAND-2. Washington, D.C.:Interstate Technology &; Regulatory Council, Mitigation Wetlands Team. Available on the Internet at http://www.itrcweb.org.
Janssen, R., Goosen, H., Verhoeven, M. L., Verhoeven, J. T. A., Omtzigt, A. Q. A., Maltby, E., (2005). Decision support for integrated wetland management. Environ Model Softw 20, 215-229.
Jia, Z., and Luo, W. (2009) A modified climate diagram displaying net water requirements of wetlands in arid and semi-arid regions, Agricultural Water Management, 96(9): 1339-1343.
Jiang, M. , Lu, X.G., Xu, L. S., Chu, L. J. and Tong, S.Z. (2007) Flood mitigation benefit of wetland soil — A case study in Momoge National Nature Reserve in China, Ecological Economics, 61(2-3): 217-223.
Joe, R. (2007), Assessing Ecological Condition of Headwater Wetlands in the Southern Rocky Mountains Using a Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity ( Version 1 ).
Kuschk, P., Wiessner, A., Kappelmeyer, U., Weissbrodt, E., Kastner, M., and Stottmeister, U. (2003) Annual cycle of nitrogen removal by a pilot-scale subsurface horizontal flow in a constructed wetland under moderate climate, Water research, 37 (17): 4236-4242.
Llorens, E., Matamoros V., Domingo, V., Bayona, J. M. and Garcia J. (2009) Water quality improvement in a full-scale tertiary constructed wetland: Effects on conventional and specific organic contaminants, Science of The Total Environment, Vol407, 8(1): 2517-2524.
Loiselle, S., Rossi, C., Sabio, G., Canziani, G., (2001). The use of system analysis methods in the sustainable management of wetlands, Hydrobiologia 458, 191–200.
Marble A. D. (1992), A Guild to Wetland Functional Design, Lewis Publishers, p205-207.
Maltby E. (1991) Wetland management goals: wise use and conservation, Landscape and Urban Planning, 20(1-3): 9-18 .
Mitsch, W. J., (2005). Wetland Creation, Restoration, and Conservation: A Wetland Invitational at the Olentongy River Wetland Research Park. Ecol Eng 24, 243-251.
Mitsch J. W. and Jorgensen, S. E., 2003. Ecological Engineering and Ecosystem Restoration. John Wiley &; Sons, Inc. 125-162.
Mitsch, W. J., Tejada, J., Nahlik, A., Kohlmann, B., Bernal, B. and Hernandez, C. E. (2008) Tropical wetlands for climate change research, water quality management and conservation education on a university campus in Costa Rica, Ecological Engineering, 34(4): 276-288.
Moreno D., Pedrocchi C., Comin, F. A., Garcia, M. and Cabezas, A. (2007) Creating wetlands for the improvement of water quality and landscape restoration in semi-arid zones degraded by intensive agricultural use, Ecological Engineering, 30(2): 103-111.
O''Connor, T.G. and Kuyler, P. (2009) Impact of land use on the biodiversity integrity of the moist sub-biome of the grassland biome, South Africa, Journal of Environmental Management, 90(1): 384-395.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). (1992). Market and government failures in environmental management : wetlands and forests. Washington, D.C.: OECD Publications and Information Centre, distributor. 30-40.
Radford, J. Q., Bennett, A. F., and Cheers, G. J. (2005) Landscape-level thresholds of habitat cover for woodland-dependent birds, Biological Conservation, 124: 317–337.
Review of Rapid Assessment Methods for Wetland Condition (2004), EPA/620/R-04/009.
Smith, R. D., Ammann A., Bartoldus, C., and Brinson, M. M., (1995). An Approach for Assessing Wetland Functions Using Hydrogeomorphic Classification, Reference Wetlands, and Functional Indices. US Army Corps of Engineers. Washington, D.C., Wetlands Research Program Technical Report WRP-DE-9.
Spash, C. L. (2000) SPECIAL ISSUE SOCIAL PROCESSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION, Ecosystems, contingent valuation and ethics: the case of wetland re-creation, Ecological Economics, 34: 195–215.
Spieles, D. J., Coneybeer, M., Horn, J., (2006). Community Structure and Quality After 10Years in Two Central Ohio Mitigation Bank Wetland. Environ Manage 38, 837-852.
Thullen, J. S., Nelson, S. M., Cade, B. S., and Sartoris, J. J. (2008) Macrophyte decomposition in a surface-flow ammonia-dominated constructed wetland: Rates associated with environmental and biotic variables, Ecological Engineering, 32(3), p281-290.
Tilton, D. L. (1995) Integrating wetlands into planned landscapes, Landscape and Urban Planning, 32(3): 205-209.
Turner, R.K., van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., Soderqvist, T., Barendregt, A., van der Straaten, J., Maltby, E., and van Ierland, E.C. (2000) THE VALUES OF WETLANDS: LANDSCAPE AND INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands: scientific integration for management and policy, Ecological Economics, 35 : 7–23.
Turner, R. K., Batenman, I. J., Georgion, S., Jones, A., Langford, I. H., Matias, N. G. N., and Subramanian, L. (2004) An ecological economics approach to the management of a multi-purpose coastal wetland, Regional Environmental Change, 4: 86-99.
The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment. 2005. Index of Wetland Condition- Conceptual framework and selection of measures. ISBN1742523095. 1-24. Available on the Internet at http://www.dse.vic.org.au.
Thullen, J. S., Sartoris, J. J., Nelson, S. M., 2005. Managing vegetation in surface-flow wastewater-treatment wetlands for optimal treatment performance. Ecol Eng 25, 583-593.
Tom, H., Stephen S., Teri, G., Tom, D., Ron, F., Bruce, L., Bill, L., Katherine, M., and Al, N. (2000), Method for Assessing Wetland Functions VolumeⅡ: Depressional Wetlands in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Washington. Part 1: Assessment Methods. Ecology Publication ＃00-06-47.
Turner, R.K., van den Bergh, J.C.J.M., Soderqvist, T., Barendregt, A., van der Straaten, J., Maltby, E., van Ierland, E.C., 2000. THE VALUES OF WETLANDS: LANDSCAPE AND INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES Ecological-economic analysis of wetlands: scientific integration for management and policy. Ecol Econ 35, 7–23.
Turner, R. K. , Batenman, I. J., Georgion, S., Jones, A., Langford, I. H., Matias, N. G. N., Subramanian, L., 2004. An ecological economics approach to the management of a multi-purpose coastal wetland. Reg Environ Change 4, 86-99.
Urban and Rural Development Branch, Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. 2007. National Parks and Green Network Conference
Verhoeven, J. T. A. and Meuleman, A. F. M. (1999) Wetlands for wastewater treatment: Opportunities and limitations, Ecological Engineering, 12(1-2): 5-12 .
West, A. G. (2009) Climate change, drought and biodiversity: An ecophysiological perspective, South African Journal of Botany, 75(2): 390
Whitterecar, G. R., and Daniels, W. L. (1999) Use of hydrogeomorphic concepts to design created wetlands in south eastern Virginia, Geomorphology, 31: 355-371.
Yutani, K., and Tanaka, N. (2007) Calculating nitrogen-removal efficiency with a one-dimensional nitrogen budget model of a reed-wetland soil system, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 55 (1-2): 129-138.
Yuan, X. Z., Liu, H., and Lu, J. J. (2002) The ecological and Environmental Characteristics and Conservation of the wetlands in the changing Estuary, China, The Environmentalist, 22: 311-318.
Zuo, P., Wan, S.W., Qin, P., Du, J., and Wang, H (2004) A Comparison of the sustainability of original and constructed wetlands in Yancheng Biosphere Reserve, China: implications from emergy evaluation, Environmental Science &; Policy, 7: 329-343.
Whitterecar, G. R., Daniels, W. L., 1999. Use of hydrogeomorphic concepts to design created wetlands in southeastern Virginia. Geomorphology 31, 355-371.
Zedler, J. B., Callaway, J. C., 2000. Evaluating the progress of engineered tidal wetlands. Ecol Eng 15, 211-225.
Zalidis, G. C., Tsiafouli, M. A., Takavakoglou, V., Bilas, G., Misopolinos, N., 2004. Selecting agri-environmental indicators to facilitate monitoring and assessment of EU agri-environmental measures effectiveness. J. Environ Manag 70, 315-321.
Wang, T. H.F., Brean, P.F., Nicholas, L.G., Lloyd, S.D. (1999). Managing Urban Strom Water Using Constructed Wetlands. ISBN 1-876006-36-6.
Wong, T. H F, Breen, P. F , Somes, N. L. G. and Lloyd, S. D. 1999. Managing Urban Stormwater Using Constructed Wetlands.
WSUD Technical Design Guildness for South East Queensland (Version 1)(2006).
姜明、呂憲國、楊青（2006），濕地科學4：（3），168-173。
陳宜清（2004）台灣農地型濕地之復育成效及生態工法評估架構之研究-應用濕地評價方法，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。
呂實國（2004），濕地生態系統監測方法，中國環境科學出版社。
李美慧（2006），生態監測概論，明文書局。
邱文彥（2003），生態工程案例編選集，公共工程委員會。
趙學敏主編。濕地：人與自然和諧共存的家園。中國濕地保護
張永民譯（2007），生態系統與人類福祉：評估框架，中國環境科學出版社。
人工濕地參考手冊（2007），行政院環境保護署。
建立生態工程案件檢核評估機制（2006），行政院公共工程委員會委託專業服務計畫。
盧惠敏（2006），生態規劃與工法：生物多樣性與農村環境，建築情報季刊雜誌社，第136頁。
宜蘭縣政府環境保護局（2004），93年度冬山河水質自然淨化模場計畫。
新竹縣政府環境保護局（2002），新竹客雅溪灘地自淨研究及生態保護方案之研擬。
彰化縣政府（2003），彰化縣烏溪流域污染調查及生態復育規劃計畫：第二篇濕地生態與濕地復育。
新竹縣政府環境保護局（2004），新竹線頭前溪人工濕地生態治理系統。
台東縣政府（2005），台東縣關山人工濕地二期規劃設計暨一期工作成效評估計畫。
經濟部水利署（2005），麥寮人工湖開發計畫-濕地營造初步規劃。
嘉義市政府環保局（2005），嘉義市水質整體規劃及細部設計計畫。
屏東縣政府環境保護局（2005），屏東縣河川生態維護及人工濕地設置示範計畫。
屏東縣政府環境保護局（2005），屏東縣河川流域生態工法水質淨化工程細部規劃設計。
屏東縣政府環境保護局（2007），屏東縣下淡水溪鐵橋人工濕地公園重建工程細部設計。
彰化縣政府（2004），烏溪水岸整建及景觀改善計畫。
Collecting expert advice on treating wastewater with wetlands, www.coloradoriparian.org.
Environmental Protect Administration , R.O.C (Taiwan). 2009. http://wqp.epa.gov.tw/ecological/.
http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/emrrp/emris/emrishelp6/wetland_procedure_descriptions.htm
http://www.ramsar.org/key_guide_framework_inventory_e.htm
http://public1.ntl.gov.tw/publish/soedu/258/text_03.html
http://study.nmmba.gov.tw/upload/resource/conserv1160.htm）
www.coloradoriparian.org.
Urban and Rural Development Branch, Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C, 2009. http://www.tcd.gov.tw/.
Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2009. http://www.wra.gov.tw/default.asp.
Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, 2009. http://www.wra.gov.tw/default.asp.
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. http://www.ramsar.org/Urban and Rural Development Branch, Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C, 2009. http://www.tcd.gov.tw/.
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/
http://www.wwt.org.uk/text/297/wli.html
http://163.20.68.131/