臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統的車輛偵測系統，僅使用車尾偵測器來偵測行車前方的車輛，但針對駕駛輔助的需求，該系統無法對鄰近的超車車輛進行偵測，超車車輛有變換車道等發生碰撞的可能，所以我們提出超車車輛的偵測系統。
將車載攝影機行駛於道路所拍攝的影像作為輸入，使用車尾偵測器和車輪偵測器，來偵測實際駕駛環境中攝影機車輛的前方車輛和兩側道路的超車車輛，超車車輛的外觀變化非常急遽，不同的位置和角度，讓車輛的側面外觀變化複雜，所以我們選擇了外觀變化小的車輪部位來建立鑑別性良好的偵測器，達到超車車輛的完整偵測結果。
在影像上計算MB-LBP特徵，再使用AdaBoost所訓練的車尾和車輪這兩種偵測器進行掃描，有別於一般偵測物體的方式，除了變化搜尋的尺度，也建立了三種長寬比例的車輪偵測器，以克服在實際的行駛狀況下，畫面中不同位置和角度的車輛側面有不同的輪胎長寬比例，使用串聯分類器有助於提高偵測速度和選出具有鑑別性的特徵來提高偵測率，車輪偵測器的偵測率達0.96，車尾偵測器的偵測率達0.92。
一般車輪偵測只使用在靜態車輛的側面部位定位之用，從實驗結果能夠看出，將其應用到行車環境後依舊有良好可靠的偵測效果，最後利用偵測到的車尾和車輪位置來在畫面上標示出車輛的所在位置。

In this paper, we proposed an effective overtaking vehicle detection system. Using image from car-mounted camera as input, detect vehicle’s rear-view and side-view on actual driving scene to achieve overtaking vehicle detection. First, compute MB-LBP feature of image, then use cascade classifier as a detector trained by AdaBoost algorithm. Differing from the traditional detection approach, a detector using 3 different aspect ratios and finding the varying scales is established so as to overcome the fact that in real driving situations, the aspect ratio of the tire appearing in the image keeps varying. Using cascade classifier helps enhance the detection speed and keep the discriminative features so as to enhance the detection rate. Finally, both the information of the rear-view and the wheel of a vehicle are used to mark the position of it in the image.
The performance of wheel detector is demonstrated with the precision rate as 0.91 and recall rate as 0.96. After wheel detection, the wheel matching is proposed which can be further applied for the overtaking vehicle localization. We achieve good detection results with two detectors.

第一章 緒論 3
1.1 研究動機 3
1.2 相關研究 5
1.3 系統流程 6
1.4 文章結構 8
第二章 使用MB-LBP提取特徵和訓練資料集 9
2.1 原始的局部二值模式 9
2.2 區塊多尺度局部二值模式 10
2.3 車輪偵測器的訓練樣本 12
2.4 車尾偵測器的訓練樣本 14
2.5 特徵提取 15
第三章 基於串聯分類器的車尾和車輪偵測器 18
3.1 AdaBoost 訓練演算法 18
3.2 分類器的串聯架構 20
3.3 偵測結果的掃描和統合 24
第四章 車輪配對和車輛定位 26
4.1 消失點 26
4.2 車輪的配對 27
4.3 前後輪分類器的訓練樣本 29
4.4 描繪車輛位置 30
4.5 切入車輛警示 32
第五章 實驗結果 33
5.1 實驗設備 33
5.2 車輪偵測 33
5.3 車尾偵測 41
5.4 車輪配對和車輛定位 44
5.5 切入車輪警示 47
第六章 結論 50
參考資料 51
附件一、CVGIP研討會投稿論文 53

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