臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

水資源是近年來備受重視的議題，主要原因是降雨時間與空間分配不均，造成水太多或水太少的問題。早年建築物興建雨水貯集，主要目的係將收集的雨水供給家庭、學校或其他商業大樓之非接觸用水，紓緩缺水壓力。近年來雨水貯集系統多目標效益逐漸被重視，雨水貯集不僅可提供非飲用水之使用，還可降低都市降雨逕流體積與洪峰流量，能有效紓緩都市洪澇問題。然而，目前尚未有雨水貯集系統同時考慮供水與防洪雙標的之設計依據，故本研究將利用實際雨水貯集系統之案例進行雙標的操作模擬，並探討供水與不同防洪操作策略之效益，結果可作為未來雨水貯集系統雙標的設計之參考。
目前雨水貯集系統中有關容量設計之模擬方法有國立台灣海洋大學、蘭陽科技大學及建築研究所綠建築評估手冊之設計方法。本研究針對上述三種雨水貯集系統容量設計方法分別利用 Microsoft Office Excel 建立模式，輸入2000～2009 年之日降雨量以及實際已建置雨水貯集系統案例之設計參數，其包括基隆港務局、行政院人事行政局地方行政中心、及台中勤益科技大學。並配合2010年實際監測數據進行比較，選出較合適之容量設計方法，再利用此方法來評估防洪操作並建置模式。
本研究分別利用基隆、日月潭、台中雨量站之2010年雨季逐時降雨資料，對上述三個實際案例之既有雨水貯水槽模擬不同的防洪操作策略，並分別考慮將雨水貯水槽容量之0%、25%、50%、75%、100% 作為滯洪空間，且設定6小時內將滯洪空間內的雨水排空，根據出流量、洪峰削減量及雨水利用率，選擇較理想的防洪策略，模擬結果可供未來雨水貯集系統添設滯洪功能參考。
由結果顯示，在雨季時雨水貯集系統進行防洪操作可有效降低洪峰流量，當滯洪體積越大，洪峰削減率就越大，但相對會造成雨水供水率降低；可由研究結果得知基隆港務局於滯洪50％會達到供水與防洪雙標的理想效益，而南投行政院人事行政局地方行政中心與台中勤益科技大學分別為滯洪75％ 與滯洪50％～75％為較佳的滯洪容量。另可發現利用上述建議設置之滯洪體積與未設置雨水貯集系統的情況相比，其平均洪峰削減率依序約為 80％、70％、50％，在高雨量地區(基隆)得到之洪峰削減率最高，低雨量地區(台中)比較少。

Water resources become the major issue in recent years. Non-uniformly distribu-tion of rainfall both in space and time is the major reason. In the early time, rainwater collected from buildings is mainly provided as an alternative water resource for resi-dential, educational and commercial water uses. This will alleviate the pressure of water shortage. In recent years, other benefits of rainwater harvesting have been noti-fied. Among these benefits, urban storm water mitigation that reduces the peak and volume of storm water is the major benefit which will reduce the problem of urban flood. But there is little research focusing on the dual purposes design of rainwater harvesting system. This research will try to use the existing examples to investigate the operation strategies to meet the dual purposes of rainwater harvesting system.
Currently, three methods for estimating the storage volume of rainwater harvest-ing system have been used. They are National Taiwan Ocean University, National Lan-Yang University of Technology and method from green building evaluation manual. In the research, calculation procedures for these three methods were devel-oped and written by the language of Microsoft Office Excel. Three existing cases, Keelung Harbor Bureau (1), Nan-tou Human Administration Local Administration Center (2), and Chi-I University of Technology (3), are chosen. The designed data of these three cases and daily rainfall data for three rainfall stations during years between 2000 and 2009 and rainwater use data for these three examples in year of 2010 are used to evaluate and select the reasonable design method for storage volume design and this method will be used in the following analysis.
For existing three examples, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of storage volume are used for detention space during wet season. The detention volume will be dis-charged in six hours. Therefore, existing systems have both functions of water supply and flood mitigation during wet season. The reasonable space for detention is decided by optimal benefits of water supply and flood peak reduction.
In the analysis, hourly rainfall data in wet season in year 2010 from three rainfall stations near these examples are used. The results show that larger detention space results in less water supply and higher flood peak reduction. For example 1, detention space 50% will achieve the optimal benefits for dual purposes; 75% for example 2; between 50% and 75 % for example 3. For flood peak reduction compared with no rainwater harvesting installation, the average flood peak reduction for these three examples are 80%, 70% and 50%, respectively. In high rainfall area for example in Keelung, percentage of flood peak reduction is high. Contrarily, percentage of flood peak reduction is low for low rainfall area such as in Taichung.

摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的與流程 3
1.4 章節介紹 6
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 雨水貯集介紹與案例 7
2.1.1 雨水貯集介紹 7
2.1.2 國內外案例介紹 9
2.2 雨水貯集系統容量設計之相關研究 11
2.2.1 國內文獻 11
2.2.2 國外文獻 12
第三章 研究方法與模式建立 14
3.1 雨水貯集系統模擬方法與參數設定 15
3.1.1 雨水貯水槽水量模擬與參數 15
3.1.2 取水模式 18
3.1.3 供水型式 19
3.1.4 雨量資料補遺 22
3.2 雨水貯集系統容量設計方法 22
3.2.1 容量設計方法介紹與比較 22
3.2.2 模式架構建立 25
3.3 雨水貯集系統防洪操作方法 35
第四章 案例分析與結果討論 36
4.1 案例背景資料 36
4.2 雨水貯集系統容量設計比較與案例分析 38
4.2.1 屋頂貯水槽容量差異比較 38
4.2.2 容量設計結果與實際容量比較 41
4.2.3 案例驗證 44
4.3 雨水貯集系統防洪操作 45
4.3.1 模式建立 46
4.3.2 設定操作策略 47
4.3.3 選擇操作時機 47
4.3.4 出流量分析 49
4.3.5 洪峰削減率分析 52
4.3.6 防洪與供水標的分析 57
第五章 結論與建議 59
5.1 結論 59
5.2 建議 60
參考文獻 61

中文部分
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 廖朝軒、蔡燿隆(2002) 從健全都市水環境談雨水滯蓄措施之應用，水資源管理季刊第4卷第二期，p08～17。
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 王茂興(2003) 城市暴雨之雨水經營策略研究，台灣水利第51卷第三期，p77～83。
 蔡耀隆(2006) 雨水滞蓄措施在城區减洪之水文機制及容量研究，水科學進展第17卷第四期，p538-542。
 史健軍、高家偉(2007) 蘭陽地區住宅小型雨水回收系統雨水貯留槽容積探討，蘭陽學報第6卷，p08～17。
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 吳宇軒(2012) 建築物雨水貯集再利用多標的供水容量設計，河海工程學系，國立台灣海洋大學河海工程學系碩士論文，基隆市。
 經濟部水利署(2004)節約用水技術手冊。
 內政部建築研究所(2009)綠建築解說與評估手冊。


英文部分
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