臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

直流無刷馬達(Brushless DC Motor)不像一般直流馬達擁有碳刷，且其節能及良好的轉速特性使其應用於許多的領域。直流無刷馬達大部份使用霍爾感測器來檢測轉子位置，本研究以STC單晶片為架構設計出不需霍爾感測器之直流無刷馬達控制器和具有速度及電流檢測之檢測器，並將其整合成一檢測小型無刷馬達性能之檢測平台，且利用脈波寬度控制技術(PWM)來調控馬達之轉速，及檢測馬達之速度及電流，透過所設計之負載箱來檢驗負載大小對馬達效能之影響，由研究發現(1)當負載越大，馬達之轉速越低。(2)當電源電壓提高時，馬達之轉速也會提高，但電流相對也會提高。(3)在有載測式中，PWM責任周期(Duty Cycle)較低時會有雜訊產，需透過程式來濾除，提昇換相的準確性。(4)調整PWM責任周期(Duty Cycle)較低時馬達速度會下降，場效電晶體MOSFET之驅動訊號週期會跟著延長。本研究以無刷馬達為動力，安裝於玩具船上，並利用設計之電路板來驅動馬達運轉，若能利用此動力船來做為開發模組，開發具有高性能之單晶片智能玩具，將能夠提昇其價值。

Brushless DC Motors are widely used in many applications because they are energy efficient and are easily controlled over a wide range of speed. Hall Sensors are most often used to detect motor position. In this work a brushless DC motor controller which does not use a Hall Sensor has been developed. Motor position sensing, current detection and speed are all handled by an STC microcontroller. Performance testing of a detection platform using the brushless DC motor controller and detector plate, revealed that PWN can be used to control motor speed and detect both speed and current. A load box was designed to test the performance of the motor and the findings were: (1) A increase in load leads to lower speed. (2) When the supply voltage is increased, the motor speed increases, but the current will also be relatively increased. (3) In a loading test, there may be noise generated as the PWM duty cycle is relatively low, such that a program is necessary for filtering to improve the accuracy of phase change. (4) The motor speed will be lowered as the PWM duty cycle is adjusted to be lower, such that the driving signal of the field effect transistor (MOSFET) will be extended. The research installs a brushless motor on a toy boat as power, and utilizes a designed circuit board to drive the motor to operate. If the powered boat may be used as a development module to develop high performance single chip intelligent toy, its value may be improved.

摘要.................................................................i
Abstract............................................................ii
目錄...............................................................iii
表目錄..............................................................vi
圖目錄.............................................................vii
第一章 緒論..........................................................1
第一節 研究背景與目的............................................1
第二節 研究範圍與限制............................................2
第二章 文獻回顧.....................................................3
第一節 無刷馬達之構造及類型......................................3
一、直流無刷馬達之構造.......................................3
二、內轉子直流無刷馬達.......................................3
三、外轉子直流無刷馬達.......................................4
第二節 無刷馬達之驅動方式........................................6
一、四開關驅動電路...........................................8
二、六開關全橋式驅動電路.....................................9
第三節 無刷馬達之位置檢測.......................................12
一、電磁位置感應............................................12
二、光電式位置檢測..........................................12
三、磁感測元件檢測..........................................13
四、無感測元件檢測..........................................14
第四節 脈波寬度之控制方式.......................................18
第五節 無刷馬達之應用...........................................20
一、資訊產品應用............................................20
二、交通工具應用............................................20
三、玩具應用................................................21
四、家電產品應用............................................21
第六節 玩具船使用之動力.........................................22
一、使用物理或自然能........................................22
二、引擎動力................................................22
三、馬達動力................................................23
第三章 研究設計.....................................................25
第一節 研究方法.................................................25
第二節 單晶片介紹...............................................26
第三節 感測元件.................................................30
一、電流檢測器..............................................30
二、光耦合器................................................35
第四節 無刷馬達.................................................36
第五節 研究工具及設備...........................................37
第四章 結果與討論...................................................41
第一節 轉速及電流檢測控制器架構.................................41
一、馬達速度檢測電路........................................41
二、電流檢測電路............................................43
三、整體電路圖..............................................45
四、程式流程圖..............................................47
第二節 無刷馬達之驅動電路架構...................................50
一、單晶片主板..............................................50
二、無刷馬達驅動電路板......................................52
三、程式流程圖..............................................58
第三節 人機介面設計.............................................62
第四節 動力玩具設計.............................................64
一、實體設計及電路按裝......................................64
二、實際測試................................................66
第五節 實驗與設計...............................................68
一、負載箱設計..............................................68
二、電控配制................................................70
三、系統測試................................................73
第五章 結論與建議..................................................85
第一節 研究結論.............................................85
第二節 研究建議.............................................86
參考文獻............................................................87
附錄................................................................89

Leonard N.Elevich (2005)。基于56800/E 數位信號處理和霍爾傳感器三相BLDC電機控制 第2版。飛思卡爾半導體應用筆記。取自http://cache.freescale.com/zh-Hans/files/product/doc/AN1916.pdf。
毛壽彭(1984)。流體力學。臺北：五南。
吳昱錚(2008)。應用於三相直流無刷馬達之150度12步方波無感測驅動技術與速度控制。國立交通大學電機與控制研究所碩士論文，未出版，新竹市。
郭慶鼎、趙希梅(2008)。 直流無刷電機原理與應用。北京：中國電力出版社。
孫清華(2001)。最新直流無刷馬達。臺北：全華。
葉金虎 (2007)。現代直流永磁電機的原理和設計。北京：科學出版社。

Derek Liu (2008).Motor Control Part 4 -Brushless DC Motors Made Easy. Freescale Hands-on Workshop. From http://2008ftf.ccidnet.com/pdf/PZ104.pdf。
Lee, B.K.(2001).Advanced BLDC motor drive for low cost and high performance propulsion system in electric and hybrid vehicles. IEEE Electric Machines and Drives Conference ,246-251.
Padmaraja Yedamale (2003). Brushless DC(BLDC) Motor Fundamentals. Microchip Technology Inc. from http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00885a.pdf
Padmaraja Yedamale (2005). Using the PIC18F2431 for Sensorless BLDC Motor Control. AN970 Microchip Technology Inc. from http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/00970a.pdf
Shao, J., Nolan, D., Teissier, M., & Swanson, D. (2003). A Novel Microcontroller-Based Sensorless Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Drive　for Automotive Fuel Pumps” IEEE Transactions on Industra Appications VOL. 39, NO. 6,1734-1740.