臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

季內震盪(Madden-Julian Oscillation, MJO)內的多重尺度交互作用為了解MJO的關鍵之一。目前多數該現象之研究皆透過在模式中放入MJO與高頻波動間之動力、熱力效果，來模擬觀測上MJO所具有之特性。
本分析利用MJO指數為標準求出三個北半球冬季之強MJO個案，透過低頻渦流動能方程討論三個案MJO與高頻系統間能量的傳送。此低頻渦流動能方程將原始場拆解為三個波段，由低頻與高頻尺度分別代表MJO與中尺度-綜觀尺度系統的時間尺度，其交互作用即為多重尺度交互作用(multiscale interaction, MI)。1985、1993與2008冬季之三個案皆有典型MJO緯向環流低層輻合、高層輻散之特徵，惟高層對流區之東側低頻西風較為不明顯。MI之機率密度分析顯示，不論在高低層，高頻緯向風輻合將造成低頻流場動能之增加，輻散則造成低頻流場動能減少。MJO對流區內高頻風場較活躍，不論高低層，MJO對流區亦為MI較強烈之區域。在低層，低頻強西風內之MI作用較東風區內顯著；高層亦為強西風區內MI作用較顯著。而不論高低層之西風區或東風區，靠近MJO對流複合體之一側MI均較顯著。前述MI較強之區域，平均上亦為低頻流場損失動能較迅速之區域，因此對流區低層西側與高層東側低頻流場損失動能之速率也較高。經過長期平均之MI，顯示低頻風場通常不斷損失動能至高頻，但中高層在個案間差異大，單一個案之平均可能出現中高層之低頻流場大量增加動能之現象。此外，低層長期平均之MI在海洋大陸以西訊號較強，而高層則在西太平洋比較顯著，可能與長期之高頻波動活動趨勢有關。
上述結果表示高頻波動與MJO、背景風場間的相對位置，都會影響MI。且長期平均後，反應出MJO之MI主要作用之區域。

口試委員審定書
誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖表說明 VII
第一章 前言 13
1.1 MJO的基本特徵介紹 13
1.2 MJO的內部動力的重要理論 15
1.2.1 波動-第二類條件不穩定(Wave-CISK) 16
1.2.2 風引發之表面熱交換(WISHE)或風-蒸發回饋 16
1.2.3 摩擦輻合不穩定(Frictional convergence instability, FCI) 17
1.2.4 雲-輻射回饋(Cloud-radiation feedback) 18
1.2.5 對流-水氣回饋(Convection-water vapor feedback) 18
1.2.6 多重尺度交互作用理論(Multiscale interaction theory) 19
1.3 研究動機與論文架構 20
第二章 資料與分析方法 22
2.1 使用資料簡介 22
2.2 分析方法與資料處理 22
2.2.1 MJO Real-time Multivariate MJO Index (RMM Index) 23
2.2.2 低頻擾動渦流動能方程 24
2.2.3 常態性檢定與偏度、峰度之顯著性檢定 27
第三章 個案基本流場介紹 29
3.1 低頻流場的垂直結構 30
3.2 低層的背景流場與低頻流場 30
3.3 高層的背景流場與低頻流場 31
3.4小結 32
第四章 多重尺度交互作用之個案分析 33
4.1 低層MI的時間序列分析 33
4.2 高層MI的時間序列分析 36
4.3 季內尺度對流區與非對流區內的MI分析 37
4.4 低頻風場內的MI分析 39
4.5 長期平均的高低頻能量轉換 41
第五章 討論與總結 44
參考文獻 48
附圖 55

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