臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

許多蝙蝠能捕捉在枝葉、地面或物體表面上活動的獵物，稱之為撿拾型蝙蝠。為避免這些表面反射的回聲干擾獵物回聲的偵測，許多撿拾型蝙蝠會倚賴接收獵物本身發出的聲音(被動聽音)或視覺等回聲定位以外的感官偵測複雜表面上的獵物，而過往研究推測嗅覺訊息對這類蝙蝠偵測獵物的幫助不大。管鼻蝠屬與彩蝠屬的蝙蝠，因其飛翼形態與取食獵物的種類被推測為撿拾型蝙蝠，牠們寬頻的叫聲也被推測可以偵測非常靠近背景的獵物，但是牠們是否可像其他撿拾型蝙蝠利用回聲以外的其他訊息偵測獵物？則需進一步研究。
本研究檢驗臺灣管鼻蝠、隱姬管鼻蝠與臺灣彩蝠，在室內環境是否會展現撿拾獵物的行為？並以兩兩選擇實驗檢視此三物種，能否使用被動聽音或嗅覺訊息定位獵物？結果顯示：臺灣管鼻蝠、隱姬管鼻蝠與臺灣彩蝠都會展現偵測與撿拾簡單表面獵物的行為，其中兩種管鼻蝠更能偵測並撿拾複雜表面上的獵物，且在飛行及爬行的狀態下皆能利用嗅覺訊息定位氣味的來源，使其能偵測到更貼近甚至埋藏在複雜表面以下較不活動的獵物；而臺灣彩蝠則會利用被動聽音接近獵物，但其以股間膜拖曳的捕捉方式，使其無法有效率地捕捉緊貼於複雜表面的獵物。

摘要…………………………………………………………………i
前言…………………………………………………………………1
材料與方法……………………………………………………4
一、實驗物種………………………………………………4
二、飼育方法………………………………………………4
三、實驗基本設置………………………………………5
四、捕食行為實驗………………………………………5
五、偵測能力實驗………………………………………7
六、統計分析………………………………………………8
結果…………………………………………………………………10
一、捕食行為實驗………………………………………10
二、偵測能力實驗………………………………………11
討論…………………………………………………………………13
一、捕食行為實驗………………………………………13
二、偵測能力實驗…………………………………………14
1. 嗅覺能力實驗…………………………………14
2. 被動聽音實驗…………………………………15
3. 偵測能力實驗的限制……………………………16
三、功能與適應……………………………………………17
引用文獻…………………………………………………………19
表………………………………………………………………………25
圖………………………………………………………………………26
附錄…………………………………………………………………31

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