臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

新特提斯洋岩石圈從侏羅紀中期開始向北隱沒，在伊朗與鄰近區域造成了大規模的島弧岩漿活動，然而伊朗境內最主要的Urumieh-Dokhtar島弧岩漿帶(Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc: UDMA)一直以來缺乏精確的年代學研究與控制；除此之外，阿拉伯板塊與歐亞大陸開始碰撞的時間及地體構造模式還存有爭議。因此，本研究報導UDMA詳細且系統的鋯石鈾鉛定年與鉿同位素數據，並結合文獻資料，希望能更詳細地解析新特提斯隱沒帶演化和札格洛斯造山作用(Zagros orogeny)。同時分析伊朗其它的主要構造單元，例如：Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone (SSZ)、Alborz Range、Central Iran及Sistan suture zone，與亞美尼亞地區的岩漿岩，以期望對此區域岩漿演化的時空關係能提出新的制約。
本研究發現：在大規模的新特提斯島弧岩漿形成之前，存在著新元古代晚期至寒武紀及晚三疊紀兩期主要的岩漿事件。其中，前者表現出虧損地函的同位素特徵，與Gondwana邊緣及Arabian-Nubian Shield的岩漿活動有其相關；後者的岩漿源區則明顯受到大陸地殼物質的混染，與古特提斯洋的隱沒和閉合有關。侏羅紀時期，廣泛的I型花崗岩類出現在SSZ帶，同時也出露在UDMA的中部和Lut block的北部，擁有不均質的鋯石鉿同位素組成[εHf(T) = +12 to -5]。在一段長時間的岩漿休止期後，晚白堊紀(81-72 Ma)花崗岩在UDMA東南部的侵入，表示岩漿活動有向內陸移動的趨勢。此期侵入岩漿在Jiroft及Bazman地區各別的鋯石鉿同位素組成有著相當的差異[Jiroft: εHf(T) = +15 to +11; Bazman: εHf(T) = +5 to -9]，後者暗示岩漿活動有明顯的大陸地殼物質混染。UDMA岩漿岩主要廣泛出現在始新世和漸新世期間(55-25 Ma)，比前人研究所認定的始新世岩漿大量噴發事件持續更久。這時期的UDMA岩漿大噴發與亞美尼亞地區的鈣鹼性岩石相似，代表此島弧岩漿往西北延伸，並且也同樣地發生在SSZ的西北部及Alborz的西部。其中，絕大多數的鋯石有虧損地函的鉿同位素特徵[εHf(T) = +17 to -1]，暗示新特提斯洋的隱沒作用形成了大規模的新生大陸地殼。除此之外，漸新世至第四紀時期(32-1 Ma)虧損地函來源的岩漿活動出現在Sistan suture zone的南部和Makran區域。相較之下，Central Iran的Saghand地區始新世花崗岩體有著相對較富集的鋯石鉿同位素組成[εHf(T) = +6 to -7]，指示此地區擁有古老的大陸地殼物質。整體而言，新生大陸地殼約從六億年前開始形成，經由後續的板塊拼貼及大陸碰撞作用後，到如今大範圍的存在於伊朗與亞美尼亞地區。
本研究顯示UDMA的岩漿活動有從西北向東南逐漸停止的趨勢，例如：Meghri地區的岩漿活動在早中新世(ca. 22 Ma)結束、Kashan地區的岩漿活動在中中新世(ca. 16 Ma)結束及Anar地區的岩漿活動結束在晚中新世(ca. 10-6 Ma)；這個觀察符合阿拉伯板塊與歐亞大陸的斜向與異時性碰撞的概念。約11百萬年以前，Saray地區開始碰撞後的火山活動，與鄰近Sahand (6.5-4.2 Ma)及Sabalan (≤0.4 Ma)的火山噴發，涵蓋了大部分的小高加索、伊朗西北部及安那托利亞高原東部等區域。

This study reports the first combined LA-ICPMS analyses of zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope compositions for magmatic rocks from several major domains of Iran, including the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone (SSZ), Alborz Range, Central Iran and Sistan suture zone. These results, together with the literature data and some unpublished ages of our team, better delineate the magmatic evolution related to the Neotethyan subduction and subsequent Zagros orogeny that resulted from the Arabia-Eurasia collision. Moreover, this study also identifies two major magmatic events that formed during the late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian and the Late Triassic before the occurrence of broad magmatic activities which are related to the Neotethyan subduction. The first magmatic event represents a depleted mantle-derived magmatic feature and it has associated with the magmatism that produced the peri-Gondwanan terranes and Arabian-Nubian Shield. The second magmatic event is attributed to the Paleotethys evolution and shows an obvious magmatic signature of crustal contamination.
The Neotethyan subduction-related magmatism was active during the Jurassic time, as evidenced by the presence of widespread I-type granitoids from the Middle to Late Jurassic (176-144 Ma) in the SSZ. These intrusive rocks, also exposed in the central part of the UDMA and the northern Lut block, show a heterogeneous isotopic affinity with variable zircon εHf(T) values between +12 and -5. After a protracted magmatic quiescence in the Early Cretaceous, the igneous activity renewed inland in the UDMA from which the Late Cretaceous granitoids (81-72 Ma) are found in the southeastern segment of the UDMA. These rocks from the Jiroft and Bazman areas have very different zircon εHf(T) values clustering from +15 to +11 and from +5 to -9, respectively, implying that the Bazman magmas were significantly mixed with the old crustal components. Then, the UDMA volcanism was most active and widespread during the Eocene and Oligocene (55-25 Ma), much longer lasting than the previously thought as just an Eocene pulse. Such a prolonged igneous “flare-up” event in the UDMA can be correlated to Armenia where the coeval calc-alkaline rocks are common. Similar ages are also obtained from the magmatic rocks in the northwestern SSZ and west Alborz. This magmatism, with mostly positive zircon εHf(T) values between +17 and -1, can further signify the formation of extensive juvenile crust in the regions owing to the Neotethyan subduction. The magmas with a primitive signature were also exposed in the southern Sistan suture zone and the Makran region during the Oligocene to Quaternary (32-1 Ma). By contrast, the ancient continental crust material was observed from the Central Iran, in Saghand area by the Eocene granitoids that yielded less radiogenic zircon Hf isotopes of εHf(T) values ranging from +6 to -7.
The UDMA magmatism ceased progressively from the northwest to the southeast, with the magmatic activities ending in the Early Miocene (ca. 22 Ma) in Meghri, in the Middle Miocene (ca. 16 Ma) in Kashan and in the Late Miocene (ca. 10-6 Ma) in Anar. The southeastward magmatic cessation is consistent with the notion of the oblique and diachronous continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia. The post-collisional volcanism started at ca. 11 Ma in Saray, east off the Urumieh Lake, which, along with the later eruptions in Sahand (6.5-4.2 Ma) and Sabalan (≤0.4 Ma) volcanoes, forms a compositionally unique component of the vast volcanic field covering much of the Lesser Caucasus, NW Iran and eastern Anatolia regions.

誌謝………………………………………………………………………………………i
摘要………………………………………………………………………………………ii
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...iv
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………..x
List of Tables………………………………………………………………………….xiv

Chapter 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………..1

Chapter 2. Geological background and samples……………………………………8
2.1. Regional geology of Iran……………………………………………………….....8
2.1.1. Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA)……………………………………..8
2.1.2. Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone (SSZ)………………………………………..8
2.1.3. Alborz Range………………………………………………………………….....9
2.1.4. Central Iran…………………………………………………………………......10
2.1.5. Sistan suture zone……………………………………………………………..10
2.1.6. Makran region………………………………………………………………....11
2.2. Tectonic settings…………………………………………………………………11
2.3. Sample descriptions……………………………………………………………..12

Chapter 3. In-situ zircon LA-ICPMS analytical methods………………………….15
3.1. Zircon U-Pb geochronology…………………………………………………….17
3.2. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic measurements…………………………………………..23

Chapter 4. Analytical results: zircon U-Pb ages……………………………………24
4.1. Northwest UDMA…………………………………………………………………26
4.1.1. Sabalan-Astara areas………………………………………………………….27
4.1.2. Zanjan-Qazvin areas…………………………………………………………..28
4.1.3. Armenia…………………………………………………………………………29
4.1.4. Post-collisional volcanism…………………………………………………….30
4.2. Central UDMA……………………………………………………………………31
4.2.1. Qom-Kashan-Natanz areas…………………………………………………..32
4.2.2. Nain area…………………………………………………………………….....32
4.2.3. Nain-Yazd areas……………………………………………………………….33
4.3. Southeast UDMA…………………………………………………………………36
4.3.1. Anar-Sirjan-Kerman areas…………………………………………………….37
4.3.2. Bam-Jiroft areas………………………………………………………………..38
4.3.3. Bazman area……………………………………………………………………38
4.4. SSZ………………………………………………………………………………..41
4.5. Alborz Range……………………………………………………………………..42
4.5.1. Qazvin-Tehran areas…………………………………………………………..42
4.5.2. Mashhad area…………………………………………………………………..43
4.6. Central Iran………………………………………………………………………..43
4.7. South Sistan……………………………………………………………………....45
4.7.1. Bazman volcano area………………………………………………………….46
4.7.2. Zahedan area…………………………………………………………………..46
4.7.3. Taftan volcano area…………………………………………………………....46
4.8. Inherited zircons……………………………………………………………….....48

Chapter 5. Analytical results: zircon Hf isotopic ratios…………………………….51
5.1. Northwest UDMA…………………………………………………………………54
5.1.1. NW Iran………………………………………………………………………….54
5.1.2. Armenia………………………………………………………………………….55
5.2. Central UDMA…………………………………………………………………….55
5.3. Southeast UDMA………………………………………………………………..59
5.4. SSZ………………………………………………………………………………..61
5.5. Alborz Range…………………………………………………………………….63
5.6. Central Iran…………………………………………………………………….....64
5.7. South Sistan……………………………………………………………………...65
5.8. Inherited zircons……………………………………………………………….....67

Chapter 6. Zircon U-Pb age constraints from Iran…………………………………69
6.1. Pre-Neotethyan magmatism in Iran……………………………………………69
6.1.1. The late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian period……………………………….69
6.1.2. The Late Triassic period………………………………………………………69
6.2. Age distribution of the UDMA and SSZ……………………………………….70
6.2.1. The Jurassic period……………………………………………………………70
6.2.2. The Late Cretaceous period………………………………………………….71
6.2.3. The Eocene-Oligocene period………………………………………………..72
6.2.4. The Miocene period…………………………………………………………...73
6.3. Further implication from UDMA records……………………………………….77
6.3.1. Inland migration of arc magmatism after a long quiescence……………..77
6.3.2. Eocene-Oligocene magmatic flare-ups in Iran……………………………..77
6.3.3. Southeastward cessation of UDMA magmatism…………………………..78
6.3.4. Post-collisional volcanism in Iran…………………………………………....79
Chapter 7. Zircon Hf isotopic constraints from Iran……………………………....82
7.1. Zircon Hf isotopic characteristics……………………………………………...82
7.1.1. UDMA and Armenian magmatism…………………………………………...82
7.1.2. SSZ, Alborz Range, Central Iran and South Sistan magmatism…………84
7.1.3. Inherited zircon records…………………………………………………….....86
7.2. Implications of zircon Hf model ages…………………………………………..91
7.3. Juvenile crust growth in Iran and Armenia…………………………………....95

Chapter 8. Conclusions……………………………………………………………….97

References……………………………………………………………………………..99

Appendix……………………………………………………………………………....118
Figures………………………………………………………………………………..118
Tables…………………………………………………………………………………122
Refereed Paper 1. Zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic constraints from eastern Transhimalayan batholiths on the precollisional magmatic and tectonic evolution in southern Tibet. Tectonophysics (2009)…………………………………………177
Refereed paper 2. Zircon U-Pb age constraints from Iran on the magmatic evolution related to Neotethyan subduction and Zagros orogeny. Lithos (2013)………………………………………………………………………………...194

Agrad, P., Omrani, J., Jolivet, L., Mouthereau, F., 2005. Convergence history across Zagros (Iran): Constraints from collisional and earlier deformation. International Journal of Earth Sciences 94, 401-419.
Agard, P., Monie, P., Gerber, W., Omrani, J., Molinaro, M., Meyer, B., Labrousse, L., Vrielynck, B., Jolivet, L., Yamato, P., 2006. Transient, synobduction exhumation of Zagros blueschists inferred from P-T, deformation, time, and kinematic constraints: Implications for Neotethyan wedge dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, B11401, doi:10.1029/2005JB004103.
Agard, P., Omrani, J., Jolivet, L., Whitechurch, H., Vrielynck, B., Spakman, W., Monie, P., Meyer, B., Wortel, R., 2011. Zagros orogeny: A subduction-dominated process. Geological Magazine 148, 692-725.
Aghazadeh, M., Castro, A., Omran, N.R., Emami, M.H., Moinvaziri, H., Badrzadeh, Z., 2010. The gabbro (shoshonitic)–monzonite–granodiorite association of Khankandi pluton, Alborz Mountains, NW Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 38, 199-219.
Aghazadeh, M., Castro, A., Badrzadeh, Z., Vogt, K., 2011. Post-collisional polycyclic plutonism from the Zagros hinterland: the Shaivar Dagh plutonic complex, Alborz belt, Iran. Geological Magazine 148, 980-1008.
Ahmadi Khalaji, A., Esmaeily, D., Valizadeh, M.V., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., 2007. Petrology and geochemistry of the granitoid complex of Boroujerd, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 29, 859-877.
Alavi, M., 1980. Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Zagrosides of Iran. Geology 8, 144-149.
Alavi, M., 1994. Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: new data and interpretations. Tectonophysics 229, 211-238.
Alavi, M., 1996. Tectonostratigraphic synthesis and structural style of the Alborz mountain system in northern Iran. Journal of Geodynamics 21, 1-33.
Alavi, M., Vaziri, H., Seyed-Emami, K., Lasemi, Y., 1997. The Triassic and associated rocks of the Nakhlak and Aghdarband areas in central and northeastern Iran as remnants of the southern Turanian active continental margin. Geological Society of America Bulletin 109, 1563-1575.
Alavi, M., 2004. Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros fold-thrust belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution. American Journal of Science 304, 1-20.
Alavi, M., 2007. Structures of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran. American Journal of Science 307, 1064-1095.
Aldanmaz, E., Pearce, J., Thirlwall, M., Mitchell, J., 2000. Petrogenetic evolution of late Cenozoic, post-collision volcanism in western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 102, 67-95.
Alirezaei, S., Hassanzadeh, J., 2012. Geochemistry and zircon geochronology of the Permian A-type Hasanrobat granite, Sanandaj-Sirjan belt: A new record of the Gondwana break-up in Iran. Lithos 151, 122-134.
Allen, M.B., Armstrong, H.A., 2008. Arabia-Eurasia collision and the forcing of mid-Cenozoic global cooling. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeo- ecology 265, 52-58.
Allen, M.B., Mark, D.F., Kheirkhah, M., Barfod, D., Emami, M.H., Saville, C., 2011. 40Ar/39Ar dating of Quaternary lavas in northwest Iran: Constraints on the landscape evolution and incision rates of the Turkish-Iranian plateau. Geophysical Journal International 185, 1175-1188.
Anderson, T., 2002. Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb. Chemical Geology 192, 59-79.
Andersen, T., 2008. Appendix A3: ComPbCorr-software for common Lead correction of U-Th-Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb. In: Sylvester, P. (ed.), Laser ablation-ICP-MS in the earth sciences: current practices and outstanding issues, Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series Vol. 40, 312-314.
ArRajehi, A., McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Daoud, M., Alchalbi, A., Ergintav, S., Gomez, F., Sholan, J., Bou‐Rabee, F., Ogubazghi, G., Haileab, B., Fisseha, S., Asfaw, L., Mahmoud, S., Rayan, A., Bendik, R., Kogan, L., 2010. Geodetic constraints on present‐day motion of the Arabian Plate: Implications for Red Sea and Gulf of Aden rifting. Tectonics 29, TC3011, doi:10.1029/2009TC002482
Arvin, M., Pan, Y., Dargahi, S., Malekizadeh, A., Babaei, A., 2007. Petrochemistry of the Siah-Kuh granitoid stock southwest of Kerman, Iran: Implications for initiation of Neotethys subduction. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30, 474-489.
Axen, G.J., Lam, P.S., Grove, M., Stockli, D.F., Hassanzadeh, J., 2001. Exhumation of the west-central Alborz Mountains, Iran, Caspian subsidence, and collision-related tectonics. Geology 29, 559-562.
Azizi, H., Moinevaziri, H., 2009. Review of the tectonic setting of Cretaceous to Quaternary volcanism in northwestern Iran. Journal of Geodynamics 47, 167-179.
Azizi, H., Chung, S.-L., Tanaka, T., Asahara, Y., 2011a. Isotopic dating of the Khoy metamorphic complex (KMC), northwestern Iran: A significant revision of the formation age and magma source. Precambrian Research 185, 87-94.
Azizi, H., Asahara, Y., Mehrabi, B., Chung, S.-L., 2011b. Geochronological and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of high-K granite from the Suffi abad area, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, NW Iran. Chemie der Erde 71, 363-376.
Azizi, H., Tanaka, T., Asahara, Y., Chung, S.-L., Zarrinkoub, M.H., 2011c. Discrimination of the age and tectonic setting for magmatic rocks along the Zagros thrust zone, northwest Iran, using the zircon U–Pb age and Sr–Nd isotopes. Journal of Geodynamics 52, 304-320.
Bagheri, S., Stampfli, G. M., 2008. The Anarak, Jandaq and Posht-e-Badam metamorphic complexes in central Iran: New geological data, relationships and tectonic implications. Tectonophysics 451, 123-155.
Baharifar, A., Moinevaziri, H., Bellon, H., Pique, A., 2004. The crystalline complexes of Hamadan (Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, western Iran): metasedimentary Mesozoic sequences affected by Late Cretaceous tectono-metamorphic and plutonic events. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 336, 1443-1452.
Ballato, P., Uba, C.E., Landgraf, A., Strecker, M.R., Sudo, M., Stockli, D.F., Friedrich, A., Tabatabaei, S.H., 2011. Arabia-Eurasia continental collision: Insights from late Tertiary foreland-basin evolution in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin 123, 106-131.
Bea, F., Mazhari, A., Montero, P., Amini, S., Ghalamghash, J., 2011. Zircon dating, Sr and Nd isotopes, and element geochemistry of the Khalifan pluton, NW Iran: Evidence for Variscan magmatism in a supposedly Cimmerian superterrane. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 40 172-179.
Be’eri-Shlevin, Y., Katzir, Y., Blichert-Toft, J., Kleinhanns, I.C., Whitehouse, M.J., 2010. Nd-Sr-Hf-O isotope provinciality in the northernmost Arabian-Nubian Shield: implications for crustal evolution. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 160, 181-201.
Belousova, E.A., Kostitsyn, Y.A., Griffin, W.L., Begg, G.C., O’Reilly, S.Y., Pearson, N.J., 2010. The growth of the continental crust: Constraints from zircon Hf-isotope data. Lithos 119, 457-466.
Berberian, F., Berberian M., 1981. Tectono-plutonic episodes in Iran. In: H.K. Gupta and F.M. Delany (eds.), Zagros-Hindu Kush-Himalaya Geodynamic Evolution. American Geophysical Union, Geodynamics Series 3, 5-32.
Berberian, M., King, G.C.P., 1981. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18, 210-265.
Berberian, F., Muir, I.D., Pankhurst, R.J., Berberian, M., 1982. Late Cretaceous and early Miocene Andean-type plutonic activity in northern Makran and Central Iran. Jouranl of Geological Society, London 139, 605-614.
Biabangard, H., Moradian, A., 2008. Geology and geochemical evaluation of Taftan Volcano, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, southeast of Iran. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 27, 356-369.
Black, L.P., Gulson, B.L., 1978. The age of the Mud Tank carbonatite, Strangways Range, Northern Territory. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 3, 227-232.
Blichert-Toft, J., Albarede, F., 1997. The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148, 243-258.
Boccaletti, M., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., Mazzuoli, R., Motamed, A., Pasquare, G., Radicati di Brozolo, F., Amin Sobhani, E., 1976. Neogene and Quaternary volcanism of the Bijar area (western Iran). Bulletin of Volcanology 40, 121-132.
Braud, J., Bellon, H., 1974. Donnees nouvelles sur le domaine metamorphique du Zagros (zone de Sanandaj-Sirjan) au niveau de Kermanshah-Hamadan (Iran): nature age et interpretation des series metamorphiques et des intrusions; evolution structurale. Rapport Universite Paris-Sud, pp 1-20.
Camp, V.E., Griffis, R.J., 1982. Character, genesis and tectonic setting of igneous rocks in the Sistan suture zone, eastern Iran. Lithos 15, 221-239.
Chiu, H.-Y., Chung, S.-L., Wu, F.-Y., Liu, D., Liang, Y.-H., Lin, I-J., Iizuka, Y., Xie, L.-W., Wang, Y., Chu, M.-F., 2009. Zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic constraints from eastern Transhimalayan batholiths on the precollisional magmatic and tectonic evolution in southern Tibet. Tectonophysics 477, 3-19.
Chiu, H.-Y., Zarrinkoub, M.H., Chung, S.-L., Lin, I-J., Yang, H.-H., Lo, C.-H., Mohammadi, S.S., Khatib, M.M., 2010. Zircon U-Pb age and geochemical constraints on the magmatic and tectonic evolution in Iran. In: Dilek, Y., et al. (eds.), Tectonic Crossroads: Evolving Orogens of Eurasia-Africa-Arabia, Ankara, Turkey, Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstract Volume, p.31.
Chu, M.-F., 2006. Application of ICP-MS to the Study of Transhimalayan Petrogenesis. Ph.D. Thesis, National Taiwan University.
Chung, S.L., Chu, M.F., Zhang, Y., Xie, Y., Lo, C.H., Lee, T.Y., Lan, C.Y., Li, X., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., 2005. Tibetan tectonic evolution inferred from spatial and temporal variations in post-collisional magmatism. Earth-Science Reviews 68, 173-196.
Dargahi, S., Arvin, M., Pan, Y., Babaei, A., 2010. Petrogenesis of post-collisional A-type granitoids from the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic assemblage, Southwestern Kerman, Iran: Constraints on the Arabian-Eurasian continental collision. Lithos 115, 190-204.
Davidson, J., Hassanzadeh, J., Berzins, R., Stockli, D.F., Bashukooh, B., Turrin, B., Pandamouz, A., 2004. The geology of Damavand volcano, Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin 116, 16-29.
Delaloye, M., Desmons, J., 1980. Ophiolites and melange terranes in Iran: A geochronological study and its paleotectonic implications. Tectonophysics 68, 83-111.
Dhuime, B., Hawkesworth, C., Cawood, P., 2011. When continents formed. Science 331, 154.
Dilek, Y., Imamverdiyev, N., Altunkaynak, Ş., 2010. Geochemistry and tectonics of Cenozoic volcanism in the Lesser Caucasus (Azerbaijan) and the peri-Arabian region: Collision-induced mantle dynamics and its magmatic fingerprint. International Geology Review 52, 536-578.
Eftekharnejad, J., 1981. Tectonic division of Iran with respect to sedimentary basins. Journal of Iranian Petroleum Society 83, 19-28. (in Persian)
Eggins, S.M., Kinsley, L.P.J., Shelley, J.M.G., 1998. Deposition and element fractionation processes during atmospheric pressure laser sampling for analysis by ICP-MS. Applied Surface Science 127-129, 278-286.
Emami, M.H., 1981. Geological quadrangle map of Iran, 1:250,000 scale, sheet E6 (Qom), the Geological Survey of Iran.
Esmaeily, D., Bouchez, J.L., Siqueira, R., 2007. Magnetic fabrics and microstructures of the Jurassic Shah-Kuh granite pluton (Lut Block, Eastern Iran) and geodynamic inference. Tectonophysics 439, 149-170.
Esna-Ashari, A., Tiepolo, M., Valizadeh, M.V., Hassanzadeh, J., Sepahi, A.A., 2012. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of Aligoodarz granitoid complex, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 43, 11-22.
Farhoudi, G., Karig, D.E., 1977. Makran of Iran and Pakistan as an active arc system. Geology 5, 664-668.
Fazlnia, A., Moradian, A., Rezaei, K., Moazzen, M., Alipour, S., 2007. Synchronous activity of anorthositic and S-type granitic magmas in Chah-Dozdan Batholith, Neyriz, Iran: Evidence of zircon SHRIMP and monazite CHIME dating. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 18, 221-237.
Fazlnia, A., Schenk, V., van der Straaten, F., Mirmohammadi, M., 2009. Petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of trondhjemites from the Qori Complex, Neyriz, Iran. Lithos 112, 413-433.
Fotoohi Rad, G.R., Droop, G.T.R., Burgess, R., 2009. Early Cretaceous exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks of the Sistan suture zone, eastern Iran. Geological Journal 44, 104-116.
Ghalamghash, J., Nedelec, A., Bellon, H., Vousoughi Abedini, M., Bouchez, J.L., 2009. The Urumieh plutonic complex (NW Iran): A record of the geodynamic evolution of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone during Cretaceous times - Part I: Petrogenesis and K/Ar dating. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 35, 401-415.
Ghasemi, A., Talbot, C.J., 2006. A new tectonic scenario fro the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (Iran). Journal of Asian Eath Sciences 26, 683-693.
Ghavidel-Syooki, M., Hassanzadeh, J., Vecoli, M., 2011. Palynology and isotope geochronology of the Upper Ordovician-Silurian successions (Ghelli and Soltan Maidan Formations) in the Khoshyeilagh area, eastern Alborz Range, northern Iran; stratigraphic and palaeogeographic implications. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 164, 251-271.
Griffin, W.L., Pearson, N.J., Belousova, E., Jackson, S.E., van Achterbergh, E., O’Reilly S.Y., Shee, S.R., 2000. The Hf isotope composition of cratonic mantle: LAM-MC-ICPMS analysis of zircon megacrysts in kimberlites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, 133-147.
Griffin, W.L., Wang, X., Jackson, S.E., Pearson, N.J., O’Reilly, S.Y., Xu, X., Zhou, X., 2002. Zircon chemistry and magma mixing, SE China: In-situ analysis of Hf isotopes, Tonglu and Pingtan igneous complexes. Lithos 61, 237–269.
Guest, B., Stockli, D.F., Grove, M., Axen, G.J., Lam, P.S., 2006. Thermal histories from the central Alborz Mountains, northern Iran: Implications for the spatial and temporal distribution of deformation in northern Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin 118, 1507-1521.
Gunther, D., Heinrich, C.A., 1999. Enhanced sensitivity in laser ablation-ICP mass spectrometry using helium–argon mixtures as aerosol carrier. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 14, 1363-1368.
Hargrove, U.S., Stern, R.J., Kimura, J.I., Manton, W.I., Johnson, P.R., 2006. How juvenile is the Arabian-Nubian Shield? Evidence from Nd isotopes and pre-Neoproterozoic inherited zircon in the Bi’r Umq suture zone, Saudi Arabia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 252, 308-326.
Hassanzadeh, J., Stockli, D.F., Horton, B.K., Axen, G.J., Stockli, L.D., Grove, M., Schmitt, A.K., Walker, J.D., 2008. U-Pb zircon geochronology of late Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian granitoids in Iran: Implications for paleogeography, magmatism, and exhumation history of Iranian basement. Tectonophysics 451, 71-96.
Horton, B. K., Hassanzadeh, J., Stockli, D.F., Axen, G.J., Gillis, R.J., Guest, B., Amini, A., Fakhari, M.D., Zamanzadeh, S.M., Grove, M., 2008. Detrital zircon provenance of Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic deposits in Iran: Implications for chronostratigraphy and collisional tectonics. Tectonophysics 451, 97-122.
Hoskin, P.W.O., Schaltegger, U., 2003. The Composition of Zircon and Igneous and Metamorphic Petrogenesis. In: Manchar, J.M., Hoskin, P.W.O. (Eds.), Zircon, Reviews of Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 27-62.
Hosseini, Z., Ghaemi, J., Mohabbi, A.R., 1995. Geological quadrangle map of Iran, 1:250,000 scale, sheet I11 (Sirjan), the Geological Survey of Iran.
Ireland, T.R., Williams, I.S., 2003. Considerations in Zircon geochronology by SIMS. In: Manchar, J.M., Hoskin, P.W.O. (Eds.), Zircon, Reviews of Mineralogy and Geochemistry 53, 215-241.
Jackson, S.E., Pearson, N.J., Griffin, W.L., Belousova, E.A., 2004. The application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to in situ U-Pb zircon geochronology. Chemical Geology 211, 47-69.
Ji, W.-Q., Wu, F.-Y., Liu, C.-Z., Chung, S.-L., 2012. Early Eocene crustal thickening in southern Tibet: New age and geochemical constraints from the Gangdese batholith. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 53, 82-95.
Kargaranbafghi, F., Neubauer, F., Genser, J., 2011. Cenozoic kinematic evolution of southwestern Central Iran: Strain partitioning and accommodation of Arabia-Eurasia convergence. Tectonophysics 502, 221-243.
Karimpour, M.H., Stern, C.R., Farmer, G.L., 2010. Zircon U–Pb geochronology, Sr–Nd isotope analyses, and petrogenetic study of the Dehnow diorite and Kuhsangi granodiorite (Paleo-Tethys), NE Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 37, 384-393.
Karimpour, M.H., Farmer, G.L., Stern, C.R., Salati, E., 2011a. U-Pb zircon geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristic of Late Neoproterozoic Bornaward granitoids (Taknar zone exotic block), Iran. Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 19, 1-18.
Karimpour, M.H., Stern, C.R., Farmer, L., Saadat, S., Malekezadeh, A., 2011b. Review of age, Rb-Sr geochemistry and petrogenesis of Jurassic to Quaternary igneous rocks in Lut Block, Eastern Iran. Geopersia 1, 19-36.
Keskin, M., 2003. Magma generation by slab steepening and breakoff beneath a subduction-accretion complex: An alternative model for collision-related volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Geophysical Research Letters 30, no. 24, 8046, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018019.
Keskin, M., Lebedev, V., Sharkov, E., Oyan, V., Unal, E., 2010. A new look at the collision-related volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: Volcanic history of the northern Van neovolcanic province. Geophysical Research Abstracts, v.12 EGU2010-12629.
Kheirkhah, M., Allen, M., Emami, M., 2009. Quaternary syn-collision magmatism from the Iran-Turkey borderlands. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 182. 1–12.
Kouhestani, H., Ghaderi, M., Zaw, K., Meffre, S., Emami, M.H., 2012. Geological setting and timing of the Chah Zard breccia-hosted epithermal gold-silver deposit in the Tethyan belt of Iran. Mineralium Deposita 47, 425-440.
Lebedev, V.A., Sharkov, E.V., Keskin, M., Oyan, V., 2010. Geochronology of late Cenozoic volcanism in the area of Lake Van, Turkey: An example of developmental dynamics for magmatic processes. Doklady Earth Sciences 433, 1031-1037.
Li, X.-H., Liu, Y., Li, Q.-L., Guo, C.-H., Chamberlain, K.R., 2009. Precise determination of Phanerozoic zircon Pb/Pb age by multicollector SIMS without external standardization. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 10, no. 4, Q04010, doi: 10.1029/2009GC002400.
Lin, Y.-C., 2011. Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of pre- to post-collisional igneous rocks in Armenia and Caucasian regions. MSc Thesis, National Taiwan University. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin, Y.-C., Chung, S.-L., Karakhanyan, A., Jrbashyan, R., Navasardyan, G., Galoyan, G., Chiu, H.-Y., Lin, I-J., Chu, C.-H., Lee, H.-Y., 2011. Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of pre- to post-collisional volcanic rocks in Armenia. EGU General Assembly 2011, Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 13, EGU2011-5422.
Ludwig, K.R., 2003. Isoplot v. 3.0: a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication No. 4, 70 pp.
Mahmoudi, S., Masoudi, F., Corfu, F., Mehrabi, B., 2010. Magmatic and metamorphic history of the Deh-Salm metamorphic Complex, Eastern Lut block, (Eastern Iran), from U-Pb geochronology. International Journal of Earth Sciences 99, 1153-1165.
Mahmoudi, S., Corfu, F., Masoudi, F., Mehrabi, B., Mohajjel, M., 2011. U–Pb dating and emplacement history of granitoid plutons in the northern Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 41, 238-249.
Malekzadeh, A., Karimpour, M.H., Mazaheri, S.A., 2010. Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions and petrogenesis of ore-related intrusive rocks of gold-rich porphyry copper Maherabad prospect area (North of Hanich), east of Iran. Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 18, 15-32.
Masoudi, F., Yardley, B.W.D., Cliff, R.A., 2002. Rb-Sr geochronology of pegmatites, plutonic rocks and a hornfels in the region south-west of Arak, Iran. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 13, 249-254.
Mazhari, S.A., Bea, F., Amini, S., Ghalamghash, J., Molina, J.F., Montero, P., Scarrow, J.H., Williams, I.S., 2009. The Eocene bimodal Piranshahr massif of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, NW Iran: a marker of the end of the collision in the Zagros orogen. Journal of the Geological Society, London 166, 53-69.
Mazhari, S.A., Amini, S., Ghalamghash, J., Bea, F., 2011. Petrogenesis of granitic unit of Naqadeh complex, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, NW Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 4, 59-67.
McCall, G.J.H., 2003. A critique of the analogy between Archaean and Phanerozoic tectonics based on regional mapping of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic plate convergent zone in the Makran, Iran. Precambrian Research 127, 5-17.
McInnes, B.I.A., Evans, N.J., Belousova, E., Griffin, W.L., 2003. Porphyry copper deposits of the Kerman belt, Iran: timing of mineralization and exhumation processes. CSIRO Scientific Research Report 41.
McInnes, B.I.A., Evans, N.J., Fu, F.Q., Garwin, S., 2005. Application of thermochronology to hydrothermal ore deposits. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 58, 467-498.
McQuarrie, N., Stock, J.M., Verdel, C., Wernicke, B.P., 2003. Cenozoic evolution of Neotethys and implications for the causes of plate motions. Geophysical Research Letters 30, no. 20, 2036, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017992.
McQuarrie, N., van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., 2013. Retrodeforming the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone: Age of collision versus magnitude of continental subduction. Geology, doi: 10.1130/G33591.1.
Milton, D.J., 1977. Qal’eh Hasan Ali Marrs, central Iran. Bulletin Volcanology 40, 201-208.
Moghadam, H.S., Stern, R.J., Rahgoshay, M., 2010. The Dehshir ophiolite (central Iran): Geochemical constraints on the origin and evolution of the Inner Zagros ophiolite belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin 122, 1516-1547.
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C.L., 2000. Dextral transpression in Late Cretaceous continental collision, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, Western Iran. Journal of Structural Geology 22, 1125-1139.
Mohajjel, M., Fergusson, C.L., Sahandi, M.R., 2003. Cretaceous-Tertiary convergence and continental collision, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, western Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21, 397-412.
Morag, N., Avigad, D., Gerdes, A., Belousova, E., Harlavan, Y., 2011a. Crustal evolution and recycling in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: New perspectives from zircon Lu-Hf and U-Pb systematics. Precambrian Research 186, 101-116.
Morag, N., Avigad, D., Gerdes, A., Belousova, E., Harlavan, Y., 2011b. Detrital zircon Hf isotopic composition indicates long-distance transport of North Gondwana Cambrian-Ordovician sandstones. Geology 39, 955-958.
Morag, N., Avigad, D., Gerdes, A., Harlavan, Y., 2012. 1000-580 Ma crustal evolution in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield revealed by U-Pb-Hf of detrital zircons from late Neoproterozoic sediments (Elat area, Israel). Precambrian Reasearch 208-211, 197-212.
Mousivand, F., Rastad, E., Meffre, S., Peter, J.M., Solomon, M., Zaw, K., 2011. U–Pb geochronology and Pb isotope characteristics of the Chahgaz volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit, southern Iran. International Geology Review 53, 1239-1262.
Mousivand, F., Rastad, E., Meffre, S., Peter, J.M., Mohajjel, M., Zaw, K., Emami, M.H., 2012. Age and tectonic setting of the Bavanat Cu-Zn-Ag Besshi-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, southern Iran. Mineralium Deposita, doi: 10.1007/s00126-012-0407-6.
Nadimi, A., 2007. Evolution of the Central Iranian basement. Gondwana Research 12, 324-333.
Okay, A.I., Zattin, M., Cavazza, W., 2010. Apatite fission-track data for the Miocene Arabis-Eurasia collision. Geology 38, 35-38.
Omrani, J., Agard, P., Whitechurch, H., Benoit, M., Prouteau, G., Jolivet, L., 2008. Arc-magmatism and subduction history beneath the Zagros Mountains, Iran: A new report of adakites and geodynamic consequences. Lithos 106, 380-398.
Pang, K.-N., Chung, S.-L., Zarrinkoub, M.H., Khatib, M.M., Mohammadi, S.S., Lee, H.-Y., Chu, C.-H., Lin, I-J., 2011. Eocene-Oligocene calc-alkaline magmatism in the Lut-Sistan region, eastern Iran: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications. AGU Fall Meeting Abst. V43C-2598.
Pang, K.-N., Chung, S.-L., Zarrinkoub, M.H., Mohammadi, S.S., Yang, H.-M., Chu, C.-H., Lee, H.-Y., Lo, C.-H., 2012. Age, geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Late Cenozoic intraplate alkali basalts in the Lut-Sistan region, eastern Iran. Chemical Geology 306-307, 40-53.
Pang, K.-N., Chung, S.-L., Zarrinkoub, M.H., Lin, Y.-C., Lee, H.-Y., Lo, C.-H., Khatib, M.M., in review. Iranian uptrapotassic rocks signify the initiation of post-collisional magmatism in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone at ~11 Ma. Terra Nova.
Pearce, J., Bender, J., De Long, S., Kidd, W., Low, P., Guner, Y., Saroglu, F., Yilmaz, Y., Moorbath, S., Mitchell, J., 1990. Genesis of collision volcanism in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 44, 189-229.
Rahmati-Ilkhchi, M., Faryad, S.W., Holub, F.V., Kosler, J., Frank, W., 2011. Magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the Shotur Kuh metamorphic complex (Central Iran). International Journal of Earth Sciences 100, 45-62.
Ramezani, J., Tucker, R.D., 2003. The Saghand region, Central Iran: U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwana tectonics. American Journal of Science 303, 622-665.
Rezaei-Kahkhaei, M., Kananian, A., Esmaeily, D., Asiabanha, A., 2010. Geochemistry of the Zargoli granite: Implications for development of the Sistan suture zone, southeastern Iran. Island Arc 19, 259-276.
Rossetti, F., Nasrabady, M., Vignaroli, G., Theye, T., Gerdes, A., Razavi, M.H., Vaziri, H.M., 2010. Early Cretaceous migmatitic mafic granulites from the Sabzevar range (NE Iran): implications for the closure of the Mesozoic peri-Tethyan oceans in central Iran. Terra Nova 22, 26-34.
Saadat, S., Stern, C.R., 2011. Petrochemistry and genesis of olivine basalts from small monogenetic parasitic cones of Bazman stratovolcano, Makran arc, southeastern Iran. Lithos 125, 607-619.
Saccani, E., Delavari, M., Beccaluva, L., Amini, S., 2010. Petrological and geochemical constraints on the origin of the Nehbandan ophiolitic complex (eastern Iran): Implication for the evolution of the Sistan Ocean. Lithos 117, 209-228.
Sadeghian, M., Bouchez, J.L., Nedelec, A., Siqueira, R., Valizadeh, M.V., 2005. The granite pluton of Zahedan (SE Iran): a petrological and magnetic fabric study of a syntectonic sill emplaced in a transtensional setting. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 25, 301-327.
Şengӧr, A.M.C., Kidd, W.S.F., 1978. Post-collisional tectonics of the Turkish-Iranian Plateau and a comparison with Tibet. Tectonophysics 55, 361-376.
Shabanian, E., Bellier, O., Siame, L., Arnaud, N., Abbassi, M.R., Cocheme, J.-J., 2009. New tectonic configuration in NE Iran: Active strike-slip faulting between the Kopeh Dagh and Binalud mountains. Tectonics 28, TC5002, doi:10.1029/2008TC002444.
Shafiei, B., Haschke, M., Shahabpour, J., 2009. Recycling of orogenic arc crust triggers porphyry Cu mineralization in Kerman Cenozoic arc rocks, southeastern Iran. Mineralium Deposita 44, 265-283.
Shahabpour, J., 2007. Island-arc affinity of the Central Iranian Volcanic Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 30, 652-665.
Shahbazi, H., Siebel, W., Pourmoafee, M., Ghorbani, M., Sepahi, A.A., Shang, C.K., Abedini, M.V., 2010. Geochemistry and U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Alvand plutonic complex in Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (Iran): New evidence for Jurassic magmatism. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 39, 668-683.
Sheibi, M., Esmaeily, D., Nedelec, A., Bouchez, J.L., Kananian, A., 2010. Geochemistry and petrology of garnet-bearing S-type Shir-Kuh Granite, southwest Yazd, Central Iran. Island Arc 19, 292-312.
Slama, J., Košler, J., Condon, D.J., Crowley, J.L., Gerdes, A., Hanchar, J.M., Horstwood, M.S.A., Morris, G.A., Nasdala, L., Norbeg, N., Schaltegger, U., Schoene, B., Tubrett, M.N., Whitehouse, M.J., 2008. Plešovice zircon - A new natural reference material for U-Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis. Chemical Geology 249, 1-35.
Soderlund, U., Patchett, P.J., Vervoort, J.D., Isachsen, C.E., 2004. The 176Lu decay constant determined by Lu-Hf and U-Pb isotope systematics of Precambrian mafic intrusions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 219, 311-324.
Stein, M., Goldstein, S.L., 1995. From plume head to continental lithosphere in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Nature 382, 773-778.
Stern, R.J., 2002. Crustal evolution in the East African Orogen: a neodymium isotopic perspective. Journal of African Earth Sciences 34, 109-117.
Stern, R.J., Ali, K.A., Liegeois, J.P., Johnson, P.R., Kozdroj, W., Kattan, F.H., 2010. Distribution and significance of pre-Neoproterozoic zircons in juvenile Neoproterozoic igneous rocks of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. American Journal of Science 310, 791-811.
Stocklin, J., 1968. Structural history and tectonics of Iran: A review. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 52, 1229-1258.
Stocklin, J., 1974. Possible ancient continental margins in Iran. In: Burk, C.A., Drake, C.L. (Eds.), The geology of continental margins. Springer-Verlag, New York, 873-887.
Tatsumi, Y., Eggins, S., 1995. Subduction Zone Magmatism. Blackwell Science, 211pp.
Tirrul, R., Bell, I.R., Griffis, R.J., Camp, V.E., 1983. The Sistan suture zone of eastern Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin 94, 134-150.
Valizadeh, M.V., Cantagrel, J.M., 1975. Premieres donnees radiometiques (K-Ar et Rb-Sr) sur les micas du complexe magmatique du Mont Alvand, pres Hamadan (Iran occidental). Comptes Rendus Academie des Sciences 281, 1083-1086.
Vernant, Ph., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abbassi, M.R., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Martinod, J., Ashtiani, A., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F., Chery, J., 2004. Present-day crustal deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman. Geophysical Journal International 157, 381-398.
Verdel, C., Wernicke, B.P., Ramezani, J., Hassanzadeh, J., Renne, P.R., Spell, T.L., 2007. Geology and thermochronology of Tertiary Cordilleran-style metamorphic core complexes in the Saghand region of central Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin 119, 961-977.
Verdel, C., Wernicke, B.P., Hassanzadeh, J., Guest, B., 2011. A Paleogene extensional arc flare-up in Iran. Tectonics 30, TC3008, doi:10.1029/2010TC00 2809.
Vincent, S.J., Allen, M.B., Ismail-Zadeh, A.D., Flecker, R., Foland, K.A., Simmons, M.D., 2005. Insights from the Talysh of Azerbaijan into the Paleogene evolution of the South Caspian region. Geological Society of America Bulletin 117, 1513-1533.
Walker, R., Jackson, J., 2004. Active tectonics and late Cenozoic strain distribution in central and eastern Iran. Tectonics 23, TC5010, doi: 10.1029/2003TC001529.
Walker, R.T., Gans, P., Allen, M.B., Jackson, J., Khatib, M., Marsh, N., Zarrinkoub, M., 2009. Late Cenozoic volcanism and rates of active faulting in eastern Iran. Geophysical Journal International 177, 783-805.
Wen, D.-R., Liu, D., Chung, S.-L., Chu, M.-F., Ji, J., Zhang, Q., Song, B., Lee, T.-Y., Yeh, M.-W., Lo, C.-H., 2008. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the Gangdese Batholith and implications for Neotethyan subduction in southern Tibet. Chemical Geology 252, 191-201.
Wiendenbeck, M., Alle, P., Corfu, F., Griffin, W.L., Meier, M., Oberli, F., Von Quadt, A., Roddick, J.C., Spiegel, W., 1995. Three natural zircon standards for U-Th-Pb, Lu-Hf, trace element and REE analyses. Geostandard Newsletter 19, 1-23.
Wilmsen, M., Fursich, F.T., Seyed-Emami, K., Majidifard, M.R., Taheri, J., 2009. The Cimmerian Orogeny in northern Iran: tectono-stratigraphic evidence from the foreland. Terra Nova 21, 211-218.
Wu, F.-Y., Yang, Y.-H., Xie, L.-W., Yang, J.-H., Xu, P., 2006. Hf isotopic compositions of the standard zircons and baddeleyites used in U-Pb geochronology. Chemical Geology 234, 105‒126.
Zarrinkoub, M.H., Chung, S.-L., Chiu, H.-Y., Mohammadi, S.S., Khatib, M.M., Lin, I-J., 2010. Zircon U-Pb age and geochemical constraints from the northern Sistan suture zone on the Neotethyan magmatic and tectonic evolution in eastern Iran. In: Dilek, Y., et al. (eds.), Tectonic Crossroads: Evolving Orogens of Eurasia- Africa-Arabia, Ankara, Turkey, Geol. Soc. Amer. Abstract Volume, p.54.
Zarrinkoub, M.H., Pang, K.-N., Chung, S.-L., Khatib, M.M., Mohammadi, S.S., Chiu, H.-Y., Lee, H.-Y., 2012. Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical constraints on the origin of the Birjand ophiolite, eastern Iran. Lithos 154, 392-40.
Zhai, Q.-G., Jahn, B.-M., Su, L., Wang, J., Mo, X.-X., Lee, H.-Y., Wang, K.-L., Tang, S., 2013. Triassic arc magmatism in the Qiangtang area, northern Tibet: Zircon U-Pb ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic characteristics, and tectonic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 63, 162-178.