臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

智慧電網在環境永續發展與能源效益議題中扮演重要的角色，而無線感測網路則為智慧電網提供了有效的網路解決方案。由於現有網路架構以IP網路為主，要無縫連接無線感測網路到現有IP網路的主要挑戰之一，便是要讓每一個感測節點擁有唯一的IP位址，來避免網路封包傳送失敗之問題；且各感測節點的IP位址若能對應實體空間關係，可減少網路傳送的路徑與降低節點能耗。根據上述動機，本研究根據不同的環境需求，與確保透過IP位置能對應實體空間關係，提出四個新的IP位址配置演算法。其中SLIPA-D與SLIPA-Q兩個演算法針對一般2D環境；另兩個3DSLIPA與PSIPA演算法則擴展考慮都會區智慧型電網的3D環境，並同時考慮IPv6。此外，由於感測節點計算能力低、極小的資料儲存空間、以及有限的能源，使得傳統的網路管理技術不適合應用於無線感測網路。本研究亦針對智慧電網提出一個新的服務導向雲端網路管理架構（稱為SCNA-WSN），讓用戶可以根據智慧電網系統之需求來整合與使用各種網路服務。我們不僅提供了理論分析，也實作了一個系統來證明SCNA-WSN可以降低整合不同雲端平台和異質感測網路架構的難度。在IP位址方面，我們利用 assignment success rate (ASR) 與 total energy consumption (TEC) 作為定址時的效能評估。實驗結果顯示，在2D與IPv4的環境，節點採用隨機分布，ASR為88%的狀況下，SLIPA-Q、SLIPA-D、SIPA成功指定IP之節點數分別為950、850、135，SLIPA-Q成功節點數為SIPA的7倍，SLIPA-D為SIPA的6.3倍；而在比較成功指定250個節點的IP之TEC，SLIPA-Q、SLIPA-D與SIPA、分別為12.513、12.513、31.34焦耳，SLIPA-Q與SLIPA-D之TEC比SIPA減少60%。而在3D與IPv6的環境，節點採用隨機分布，ASR為88%的狀況下，PSIPA、3DSLIPA、IPv6SAA成功指定IP之節點數分別為32,690、8,964、960，PSIPA成功指定之節點數為IPv6SAA的34.1倍，3DSLIPA為IPv6SAA的9.3倍。而在比較成功指定250個節點的IP之TEC，PSIPA、3DSLIPA、IPv6SAA分別為0.74、20.92、379.68焦耳。經由實驗結果可知，我們所提出的方法較現有的方法有較高的 ASR 與較低的 TEC。

Smart grids play an important role in environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are envisioned to provide an effective wireless network solution for smart grids. Networks currently in use are IP-based, but WSNs are not IP-based. One of the primary challenges for seamlessly connecting non-IP WSNs to existing IP networks is IP address configuration because nodes with unique addresses are prerequisites for reliable end-to-end communication in IP networks. If the spatial relationship among nodes can be maintained, they are easy to manage, an efficient geographic routing protocol is deployed in the WSN and energy consumption is reduced. Because of the above motivations, this dissertation proposes four new IP address assignment algorithms. Among them, SLIPA-D and SLIPA-Q are suitable for 2D environments, and 3DSLIPA and PSIPA extend to 3D environments after including urban smart grids and IPv6. Traditional network management techniques cannot be applied to WSNs because of their low computing ability, their small memory space, and the limited energy of WSNs available for use in the smart grid. This dissertation proposes a new Service-oriented Cloud computing Network management Architecture for WSN (called SCNA-WSN). Users can integrate the architecture with various Internet management resources, depending on their smart grid system requirements. This dissertation provides the theoretic analysis and the implementation of a system to demonstrate that an SCNA-WSN can decrease the difficulty of integrating different cloud platforms and heterogeneous sensors. With specific application to IP addresses, this dissertation evaluates the performance by assignment success rate (ASR) and total energy consumption (TEC). The results show that, under the condition of random distribution and ASR setting for 88% in the 2D and IPv6 environment, the number of IP modes successfully assigned for SLIPA-Q, SLIPA-D and SIPA is 950, 850, and 135, respectively. The successfully assigned nodes for SLIPA-Q are 7 times that for SIPA, and those for SLIPA-D are 6.3 times that for SIPA. Compared with the TEC result of 250 nodes successfully assigned, the SLIPA-Q, SLIPA-D, and SIPA result is 12.513, 12.513 and 31.3 J, respectively, and the TEC of SLIPA-Q and SLIPA-D is lower than SIPA by approximately 60%. In the 3D environment with IPv6, under the condition of random node distribution and 88% ASR setting, the number of IP nodes successfully assigned for PSIPA, 3DSLIPA, and IPv6SAA is 32690, 8964, and 960, respectively. The successfully assigned nodes of PSIPA are 34.1 times that of IPv6SAA, and those of 3DSLIPA are 9.3 times that of IPv6SAA. Comparing with the TEC of 250 nodes successfully assigned, the PSIPA, 3DSLIPA, and IPv6SAA is 0.74, 20.92, and 379.68 J, respectively. Therefore, compared to the previous algorithms, the ones which this dissertation proposes have higher ASR and lower TEC.

誌謝 vii
摘要 viii
ABSTRACT ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research background 1
1.2 Motivation 6
1.3 Contributions 8
Chapter 2 Related Works 14
2.1 Network management of WSNs in smart grid 14
2.2 IPv4/IPv6 address assignments 19
2.3 Spatial IP address assignments 20
Chapter 3 System Architecture of the SCNA-WSN 23
3.1 The flow of the SCNA-WSN 23
3.2 Features of the SCNA-WSN 26
3.3 Internal operation of the SCNA-WSN 29
3.4 Communication between the SCNA-WSN and the Internet 32
3.5 SCNA-WSN Security 33
Chapter 4 Theoretic Analysis and System Implementation for the SCNA-WSN 36
4.1 Bandwidth cost and service latency analysis 36
4.2 Comparison with other architectures 39
4.3 Implementation 41
Chapter 5 Proposed IP Assignment Algorithms 45
5.1 Scan Line IP Assignment with equal-Distance partition (SLIPA-D) 46
5.2 Scan Line IP Assignment with equal-Quantity partition (SLIPA-Q) 52
5.3 3-Dimensional Scan Line IP Assignment (3DSLIPA) 59
5.4 Propagated Spatial IP address Assignment (PSIPA) 64
Chapter 6 Performance Evaluations for IP assignment algorithms 76
6.1 Comparing the ASR of SIPA, SLIPA-D and SLIPA-Q 79
6.2 Comparing the ASR of IPv6SAA, SLIPA-Q and PSIPA 92
6.3 Comparing the ASR of SIPA3D, IPv6SAA, 3DSLIPA and PSIPA 103
Chapter 7 Conclusions 119
REFERENCES 122

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