臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統光學因受限於透鏡的大小，不能無限提高透鏡的數值孔徑來增加空間解析度。但自從貝索光束的次波長聚焦能力被發現後，我們開始有機會突破焦點大小以及焦深長短交互影響的各種限制。為了突破光學的繞射極限，近場光學方法雖然可以達到超越繞射極限的聚焦點，但是其焦深短以及近場高度控制上都有一些問題。本研究團隊曾提出以次波長圓環孔徑結構製作在金屬薄膜上，可具有次波長尺度的貝索光束，並且可以應用在曝光微影製程以及雷射加工上，製作出高深寬比的結構。
另外，本研究團隊近年以研究具有次波長聚焦能力之光學頭為目標，對錐狀中空微管與次波長圓環孔徑結構進行研究，因此本論文的目標為將研究團隊所研究之次波長圓環孔徑與光纖作結合，先討論將次波長圓環孔徑製作在單模光纖光學頭上，再利用633nm波長的氦氖雷射去進行光強實驗，同時利用時域有限差分法電磁模擬軟體，對次波長圓環孔徑的各種尺寸進行模擬，探討不同尺寸下，次波長圓環孔徑對光學頭出光特性的影響。研究結果發現次波長圓環孔徑的大小確實會影響貝索光束的產生，而且會影響貝索光束的焦點位置和焦深長度，接著實驗光纖偏極態的特性，討論當線性偏極態的雷射光耦合進光纖後，出光是否仍維持同一種模態。

In traditional optical system, the size limit of lens prevents us from improving the spatial resolution by raising the numerical aperture of lens unlimitedly. It may break free the strong interactions between the focal spot size and depth of the focus after the Bessel beam’s sub-wavelength focal spot was discovered. To overcome the diffraction limit, near-field optical methods was identified to be one potential approach. But the extremely short depth of focus associated with the near-field system makes the distance control between the tip and the sample difficult. Our research group proposed a sub-wavelength annular aperture (SAA) on metallic film that produces Bessel beam before, which could maintain a sub-wavelength focusing capability. Some potential applications of this SAA approach include using lithography process or material processing technique to make high aspect ratio microstructures.
Continue our team’s past goal of making long depth of focus sub-wavelength focal spot, the fabrication and usage of tapered hollow micro-tube and sub-wavelength annular aperture were explored in this thesis. Started from examining the approaches for making sub-wavelength annular aperture on the optical fiber head, 633nm He-Ne laser was used as the light source for the optical fiber head so as to examine the intensity profile of the light beam emitted. FDTD simulation was used to verify the effect of the geometric parameters of SAA fabricated on top of the optical fiber head on the emitted light beam properties. The results showed the size of SAA on the optical fiber head was an important factor for generating sub-wavelength Bessel beam with vastly different focal length and depth of focus. The polarization of the optical fiber head emitted light beam was also studied.

致謝 i
中文摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 文獻回顧 1
1.1.1 繞射極限 1
1.1.2 近場光學 3
1.1.3 次波長圓環孔徑 8
1.2 研究動機 11
1.3 論文架構 12
第二章 原理 13
2.1 表面電漿 13
2.1.1 表面電漿共振條件 13
2.1.2 激發表面電漿 14
2.2 貝索光束 16
2.2.1 零階貝索光束 17
2.2.2 高階貝索光束 18
2.3 狹縫理論 18
2.4 光纖波導與模態 20
2.4.1 光纖波導 20
2.4.2 光纖模態 22
2.5 時域有限差分法 26
第三章 實驗系統與架構 28
3.1 光纖製作 28
3.2 光路系統 33
3.3 系統架設 36
第四章 模擬實驗 38
4.1 光學頭模擬 38
4.1.1 不同尺寸狹縫討論 39
第五章 實驗結果分析與討論 45
5.1 光纖可接受角 45
5.2 光強實驗結果 45
5.2.1 未蝕刻SAA結構之光學頭 45
5.2.2 SAA光學頭剖面光強結果 46
5.2.3 模擬與實驗之差異 51
5.2.4 偏極態驗證 57
第六章 結論與未來展望 58
6.1 結論 58
6.2 未來展望 59
REFERENCE 60

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