臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

蜈蚣藻屬於紅藻門 (Rhodophyta)、海膜藻目 (Halymeniales)下的一個屬，為大型經濟海藻之一，近幾年已廣泛地被利用為生鮮食品，臺灣東北角沿岸潮間及潮下帶為主要生長與人工採集地域，靠著少數業者藉潛水方式於野外摘採，無法大量供應市場需求，但卻鮮少人研究其大量養殖的方法。本研究為建立G. taiwanensis的種苗和培育條件以供大量養殖所需，開發出蜈蚣藻室內育苗技術，使用經由孢子發芽成未貼附盤狀體所形成的結節絲狀體，透過保種、放大培養方式來保存可資繁殖成葉狀體的種源。可隨時利用結節絲狀體打碎後的藻液噴於網具與培養皿靜置培養，使長成盤狀體後，再經低溫(20℃)及高光照(7000lux)刺激使其在基質上誘發幼苗，待小芽成長1公分至秋冬氣候來臨時，移置戶外促使葉狀體在自然露天環境下育成，並能大量養殖。而在研究中發現雙倍結節絲狀體比單倍結節絲狀體喜好較高的溫度；而比較果孢子及四分孢子的附苗情況，作為最適附苗的操作流程，其中發現源自果孢子的雙倍體結節絲狀體與果孢子發芽形成盤狀體較小，容易導致幼苗脫落，附苗效果較差，因而轉換開發懸浮培養的可能性，結果確能在生長季節內成長至10~20公分長之藻葉片，然而型態與漁網附苗長成之葉片有顯著差異。後續將調整加速室內量化育苗時間及數量，確定懸浮苗的生長季節適應，並由人工培養時間確立生活史自然生長的時軸進行養殖技術的最後確立。

Grateloupia is a commercial macroalgal which belonging to the phyla of Rhodophyta under the order of Halymeniales. Field collection from the intertidal zone of Taiwan North-eastern coast, Grateloupia has been widely consumed as a delicacy by the local people. Wild Grateloupia was hand-picked by snorkelers in an inefficient way. Thus, the production of Grateloupia was limited and unable to meet the demand from the market. Despite this fact, very few researches on the cultivation of Grateloupia were done on the production of Grateloupia at commercial scale. In this study, the propagation of Grateloupia taiwanensis nodulous filament for germ stock and seedling development was investigated. The nodulous filaments were prepared from germinating carporspores and tetraspores separately. Discoid crust from germinating spores were detached from the substrat, and maintained in enriched medium. Subsequently, various conditions to scale-up the production of nodulus filament cultures were determined. The nodulus filaments were blended into small fragments which were capable in forming new discoid crusts under appropriate conditions. At 20℃, under high illumination of light (7000 lux), young shoots formed from the crusts. The young shoots were transferred to outdoor environment for further growth under appropriate conditions. It was also observed that diploid nodulus filaments germinated from carpospores grew better at higher temperature compared to the haploid nodulous filaments, which were germinated from tetraspores. Most of the discoid crusts formed from diploid nodulous filaments and carpospores were smaller in size, and were easily detached from substrate. Therefore, we suggest that nodulus filaments from detached diploid discoid crusts is an ideal source of seedlings which can be cultivated in suspension. During its growing season, the length of thalli developed from the diploid nodulus filaments reached about 10-20 cm. However, the morphology of the thallus is significantly different from those collected from the field. We suggest that the indoor cultivation of seedling sources to be improved at larger scale. The life cycle of Grateloupia may also can be determined artificially using this technique.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………… І
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………… П
第一章前言………………………………………………………………………… 1
第二章文獻回顧
2-1繁養殖經濟海藻的方式……………………………………………4
2-2 蜈蚣藻人工繁養殖現況…………………………………………………………4
2-3蜈蚣藻應用價值………………………………………………………………6
2-4蜈蚣藻孢子型態的觀察………………………………………………………7
2-5 蜈蚣藻絲狀體型態的描述…………………………………………………7
2-5 環境因子對於海藻生長及發育的影響……………………………………8
2-6 誘發葉狀體的關鍵……………………………………………………………9
第三章材料與方法
3-1 藻類材料與來源…………………………………………………………… 10
3-2 孢子萌發實驗
3-2-1葉狀體前處理……………………………………………………… 10
3-3-2 果孢子與四分孢子的釋放………………………………………… 10
3-3 不同世代絲狀體的培養操作及維持……………………………………… 11
3-3-1不同溫度與光照下對N及2N結節絲狀體之成長比較……………… 11
3-3-2不同光週期下對N及2N結節絲狀體之成長比較…………………… 12
3-4 不同世代盤狀體的培養與操作……………………………………………… 12
3-4-1不同溫度對N及2N盤狀體之附苗比較……………………………… 12
3-4-2不同光強度對N及2N盤狀體之附苗比較…………………………… 13
3-4-3不同光週期對N及2N盤狀體之附苗比較…………………………… 13
3-5室內誘發2N懸浮葉狀體的操作流程……………………………………… 14
VII
3-5-1不同溫度與光照下對2N懸浮葉狀體之成長比較…………………… 14
3-5-2不同光週期2N懸浮葉狀體之成長比較…………………………… 14
3-6 種苗繁殖……………………………………………………………………15
3-6-1雌配子體種苗培養……………………………………………………15
3-6-2 四分胞子體種苗……………………………………………………15
3-7田間放養實驗…………………………………………………………………15
3-8統計方式………………………………………………………………………16
第四章結果與討論
4-1 野外不同世代葉狀體的觀察與計數結果
4-1-1 葉狀體內部結構…………………………………………………… 17
4-1-2 孢子萌發條件測試結果…………………………………………… 17
4-2 不同來源絲狀體的培養及成長比較
4-2-1 型態觀察…………………………………………………………… 18
4-2-2結節絲狀體溫度成長比較………………………………………… 18
4-2-3結節絲狀體光週期成長比較………………………………………… 19
4-3不同來源盤狀體的培養及生長比較………………………………………… 20
4-3-1溫度成長比較………………………………………………………… 20
4-3-2光強度成長比較……………………………………………………… 20
4-3-2光週期成長比較……………………………………………………… 21
4-4 2N懸浮葉狀體的溫度與光照生長比較……………………………………… 21
4-4-1光週期成長比較……………………………………………………… 22
4-5 種苗培養………………………………………………………………………22
4-6雙倍體孢子體之懸浮培養的成長與人工養殖操作………………………………23
4-7量化配子體蜈蚣藻種苗……………………………………………………………23
4-8雙倍體孢子體之懸浮培養的成長與人工養殖操作………………………………24
4-9戶外蜈蚣藻的生長季節探討………………………………………………………25
VIII
第五章參考文獻………………………………………………………………28
圖目錄
Fig 1. 臺灣蜈蚣藻不同世代藻體外觀及內部結構………………………………… 33
Fig 2. N結節絲狀體在不同溫度搭配不同光強度的成長比較…………………… 34
Fig 3. 2N結節絲狀體在不同溫度搭配不同光強度的成長比較………………… 35
Fig 4. N、2N結節絲狀體在不同光週期下的成長比較………………………… 36
Fig 5. N盤狀體及2N盤狀體發育觀察………………………………………… 37
Fig 6. N、2N結節絲狀體在不同溫度下的附苗條件比較………………………… 38
Fig 7. N、2N結節絲狀體在不同溫度下的附苗成長比較………………………… 39
Fig 8. N、2N結節絲狀體在不同光強度下的附苗條件比較……………………… 40
Fig 9. N、2N結節絲狀體在不同光強度下的附苗成長比較……………………… 41
Fig 10. N、2N結節絲狀體在不同光週期下的附苗條件比較……………………… 42
Fig 11. N、2N結節絲狀體在不同光週期下的附苗成長比較……………………… 43
Fig 12. 2N懸浮葉狀體在不同溫度搭配二種不同光強度的成長比較………………44
Fig 13. 2N懸浮葉狀體在不同光週期下的成長比較……………………………… 45
Fig 14. 2N結節絲狀體小量附苗及育苗實驗……………………………………… 46
Fig 15. 雙倍體孢子體之懸浮培養的成長與人工養殖操作…………………………47
Fig 16. 單倍雌配子體附苗培養操作流程………………………………………… 48
Fig 17. 田間大量育苗成果…………………………………………………………… 49
Fig 18. 戶外蜈蚣藻放養全年生長季節探討………………………………………… 50
Fig. 19. 臺灣蜈蚣藻生活史各世代存在季節之推論圖……………………………… 51
IX
附件目錄
附錄一、澎湖天和箱網養殖場地理位置…………………………………………… 52
附錄二、SWM-III 培養基成份……………………………………………………… 53

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