臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以AISI M2高速鋼作為研究材料，規劃出十種熱處理參數，期望觀察不同回火熱處理條件對顯微組織之影響，試圖利用金相腐蝕方法與影像分析軟體，進行相分率的定量分析，另外再配合FE-SEM和XRD進行微觀組織的觀察，而微觀組織觀察的重點為殘留沃斯田鐵與碳化物的改變。
根據本實驗的研究結果顯示，碳化物的含量會隨著回火溫度的提高漸漸增加，在600℃三次回火後達到最高含量9.08%左右；殘留沃斯田鐵的定量分析結果則相反，在200℃和400℃回火三次後分別有24.73%與20.24%的殘留沃斯田鐵尚未消除，而在600℃第一次回火後殘留沃斯田鐵含量僅剩10.17%，在第三次的回火後則可降至5%以下。借助SEM與XRD的分析一樣可以觀察到相似的趨勢。
而經過熱處理後的碳化物主要以MC與M6C的形式存在，此外發現部分MC碳化物表面有M3C碳化物生成的現象，造成BSE成像上有明顯的顏色差異，而且會有細小且富含重元素(鎢、鉬)的碳化物集中在此成核析出，故可以在BSE模式中清楚看見白色組織，但是其大小介於數十到數百奈米之間已超出EDS的偵測極限，無法準確判定析出之碳化物成分與種類。

This study mainly focused on the microstructural change of AISI M2 high speed steel during different tempering treatments, and the experimental factors contained totally 10 kinds of heat treatment parameters. In order to check the change of microstructure right after each tempering condition, this research attempted to quantify the volume fraction of retained austenite and carbide by the combination of metallography principle and image processing software. Besides, Retained austenite and carbide were the major aim of this study, so the microstructure and phase were particularly analyzed by the means of SEM and XRD.
According to the experimental results of quantification, the carbide content increased gradually with the higher tempering temperature, and it reached the highest value, 9.08%, while it was underwent tempering at 600℃ for 3 times. But the quantificational analysis of retained austenite showed the opposite result to the trend of carbide content, it decreased with the higher tempering temperature. The retained austenite could not be eliminated efficiently even tempered tree times at 200℃ and 400℃, and the amount of retained austenite which remained inside the specimens were 24.73% and 20.24% respectively. But when it was first tempered at 600℃, the retained austenite content could be reduced to 10.17%. After the 3rd tempering treatment at 600℃, the amount of retained austenite could be reduced below 5%. The analysis of SEM and XRD showed a similar result.
There were only 2 types of carbide, MC and M6C, left inside the specimens after heat treatment, in other words, they did not dissolve completely into matrix during austenitizing. In SEM, it discovered that another iron-rich carbide, M3C, formed at the surface of some parts of MC carbide and leading to the obvious difference of color and contrast while under the BSE mode. In addition, there were some tiny carbides, which were rich in heavy element, precipitated at the top of the M3C carbide that mentioned above. So it was easy to find bright carbides on the MC carbide in BSE mode. Because their size ranged from ten to hundreds of nanometer. It already over the detective limit of EDS, so it was difficult to distinguish what type of carbide it was and how was its chemical composition.

謝誌…………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
總目錄…………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………1
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………2
第一章 前言………………………………………………………………4
第二章 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………5
2.1 工具鋼之簡介………………………………………………………5
2.2 合金元素對高速鋼的影響…………………………………………6
2.2.1 碳(Carbon) ……………………………………………………8
2.2.2 鉻(Chromium) ………………………………………………10
2.2.3 鉬(Molybdenum) ……………………………………………11
2.2.4 鎢(Tungsten) ………………………………………………12
2.2.5 釩(Vanadium) ………………………………………………13
2.2.6 鈷(Cobalt) …………………………………………………13
2.3 高速鋼中之合金碳化物…………………………………………15
2.3.1高速鋼常見之合金碳化物…………………………………15
2.3.2 AISI M2高速鋼中之主要合金碳化物……………………16
2.4 高速鋼的熱處理方式……………………………………………17
2.4.1 沃斯田鐵化熱處理…………………………………………18
2.4.2 淬火硬化與深冷處理………………………………………19
2.4.3 回火熱處理…………………………………………………20
2.5 回火對鋼材影響之探討…………………………………………22
2.5.1回火熱處理之相變化………………………………………22
2.5.2 麻田散鐵的組織變化………………………………………23
2.5.3 殘留沃斯田鐵的探討………………………………………24
第三章 實驗方法………………………………………………………26
3.1 實驗材料與製備…………………………………………………26
3.2 熱處理參數………………………………………………………26
3.3 定量實驗與分析…………………………………………………28
3.4 SEM&XRD分析…………………………………………………29
第四章 實驗結果與討論…………………………………………………30
4.1 定量分析…………………………………………………………30
4.1.1 碳化物之定量………………………………………………30
4.1.2 殘留沃斯田鐵與碳化物之定量……………………………34
4.1.3 殘留沃斯田鐵枝定量………………………………………40
4.2 XRD之分析………………………………………………………41
4.3 SEM&EDS之分析…………………………………………………44
4.3.1 殘留沃斯田鐵之觀察………………………………………44
4.3.2 碳化物之觀察與分析………………………………………46
4.3.3 基地之EDS分析……………………………………………50
4.4 洛氏硬度試驗……………………………………………………51
第五章 結論………………………………………………………………53
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………55

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