丁芳(1995)。耐糖不良與妊娠糖尿病孕婦與新生兒週產期併發症之研究。國立陽明醫學大學,未出版碩士論文,台北,台灣。林明泉(1997)。第三十四章 胎兒發育異常篩檢,714頁,林明泉著,臨床血清免疫學。合記圖書出版社,台北。
黃奕燦、林瑞祥、楊應欽、李裕祥、祝春紅、江千代(1998)•妊娠糖尿病產後追蹤之意義•台灣醫界,41,10-13。
Ahmed SA, Shalayel MH. Role of cortisol in the deterioration of glucose tolerance in Sudanese pregnant women. East Afr Med J 1999; 76: 465-467
American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus (Position Statement). Diabetes Care 2009; 32(Suppl. 1): S62–S67
American Diabetes Association. Executive Summary: Standards of Medical
Care in Diabetes-2011. Diabetes Care 2011; 34(Suppl. 1): S54–S60
Aymé S, Aurran Y, Chabal F, Gombert A, Loundou H, Montfort C, Sollier M, Silvestri A. Evaluation of trisomy 21 risk by serial determination of chorionic gonadotrophin hormone and alpha-fetoprotein: results of a national pilot study. Contracept Fertil Sex 1993 ; 21: 133-143
Barbour LA, Shao J, Qiao L, et al. Human placental growth hormone causes severe insulin resistance in transgenic mice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186: 512–517.
Beneventi F, Simonetta M, Lovati E, Albonico G, Tinelli C, Locatelli E,
et al. First trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in pregnancies
complicated by subsequent gestational diabetes. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31: 523–526
Bogart, M.H., Pandian, M.R., Jones, O.W. Abnormal maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin levels in pregnancies with fetal chromosome abnormalities. Prenat Diagn 1987; 7: 623-630
Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Gestational diabetes mellitus. J. Clin Invest 2005; 115: 485-491
Caliskan E, Kayikcioglu F, Ozt€urk N, Koc S, Haberal A. A population-based risk
factor scoring will decrease unnecessary testing for the diagnosis of gestational
diabetes mellitus. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004;83:524–530
Canick, J.,Knight,G.J.,Polomaki, G.E. et al. Low second trimester maternal serum unconjugated estriol in pregnancies with Down’s syndrome. Br J obstet Gynecol 1988; 297: 883-887
Carpenter MW, Coustan DR. Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144: 768–773
Carr DB, and Gabbe S. Gestational Diabetes: Detection, Management, and Implications. Clinical diabetes 1998; 16: 5-19
Cheung N, Wasmer G, Al-Ali J. Risk factors for gestational diabetes among Asian women. Diabetes Care 2001; 24 : 955-956
Dornhorst A, Paterson CM, Nicholls JS, Wadsworth J, Chiu DC, Elkeles RS, Johnston DG, Beard RW. High prevalence of gestational diabetes in women from ethnic minority groups. Diabet Med 1992; 9: 820–825
Down JLH. Observation on an ethic classification on idios. Clinical Lecture Report, London Hospital 1866; 3: 259
Hornns PJ. On the decrease of glucose tolerance in pregnancy. A review. Diabet
Metab 1985; 11: 310-315
Hu XY, Bian XM, Jiang YL, Liu SY. Relationship of adverse pregnancy outcomes and
a high risk serum screen for Down syndrome in the second trimester. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2012 ;47:427-30.
International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 676–682
Isouard G (1979) Measurement of serum levels of oestriol and human placental
lactogen in the management of preeclamptic pregnancies. Med J Aust 2:401–404
Jiwani A, Marseille E, Lohse N, Damm P, Hod M, Kahn JG. Gestational diabetes
mellitus: results from a survey of country prevalence and practices. J Matern Fetal
Neonatal Med 2012;25:600–610
Khoshnniat Nikoo M , Abbaszadeh Ahranjani S, Larijani B. A review on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in different regions of Iran. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders 2009; 47-56
Kim SY, Kim SK, Lee JS, Kim IK, Lee K . The prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome using low unconjugated estriol in the second trimester of pregnancy without risk of Down’s syndrome. Yonsei Med J 2000; 41:226–229
Kjos SL, Peters RK, Xiang A, Henry OA, Montoro MN, Buchanan TA. Predicting future diabetes in Latino women with gestational diabetes: utility of early postpartum glucose tolerance testing. Diabetes 1995; 44: 586–591
Klieger C, Pollex E, Kazmin A, et al. Hypoglycemics: pharmacokinetic considerations during pregnancy. Ther Drug Monit 2009; 31: 533-541
Kowalczyk TD, Cabaniss ML, Cusmano L Association of low unconjugated estriol in the second trimester and adverse pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:396–400
Kuhl C. Aetiology of gestational diabetes. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 5: 279–292
Lejeune J, Gautier M, Turpin R. Etude des chromosomes somatiques de neu enfants mongoliens. CR Acad Sci Paris 1959; 248: 1721-1722
Macintosh MC, Iles R, Teisner B, Sharma K, Chard T, Grudzinskas JG, Ward RH, Muller F. Maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, markers for fetal Down syndrome at 8-14 weeks. Prenat Diagn 1994 ; 14: 203-208
Metzger BE, Cho NH, Roston SM, Rodvany R. Prepregnancy weight and antepartum insulin secretion predict glucose tolerance five years after gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 1598–1605
Metzger BE, Coustan DR. Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International
Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: the organizing committee. Diabetes Care 1998; 21(Suppl. 2): B161–B167
Michael D. Berkus, Oded Langer, Berkus Michael D., Langer Oded. Glucose Tolerance Test Periodicity: The Effect of Glucose Loading.Obstetrics and Gynecology 1995; 85: 423-427
Mujezinovic F, Alfirevic Z. Procedure-related complications of amniocentesis and chorionic villous sampling: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110: 687–694
Narchi H, Kulaylat N. High incidence of Down's syndrome in infants of diabetic mothers. Arch Dis Child.1997 ;77:242-244.
Naylor CD, Sermer M, Chen E, Farine D.Toronto Trihospital Gestational Diabetes
Project Investigators. Selective screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. N Engl J
Med 1997;337:1591–1596
Ong CY, Liao AW, Spencer K, Munim S, Nicolaides KH. First trimester maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy associated plasma protein A as predictors of pregnancy complications. BJOG 2000; 107: 1265–1270
Pedersen JF, Sørensen S, Mølsted-Pedersen L. Serum levels of human placental lactogen, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and endometrial secretory protein PP14 in first trimester of diabetic pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998; 77: 155–158
Peled.Y, Gilboa.Y, Perri.T et al. Strict glycemic control in diabetic pregnancy-implications for second-trimester screening for Down syndrome. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23: 888–890
Penrose LS. The relative effects of paternal and maternal age in mongolism. J Genet 2009; 88: 9-14
Polderman KH, Gooren LJ, Asscheman H, et al. Induction of insulin resistance by androgens and estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Meta 1994; 79: 265–271
R¨aty R., Anttila L., Virtanen A., Koskinen P. et al. Maternal midtrimester free β-HCG and AFP serum levels in spontaneous singleton pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension or obstetric cholestasis. Prenat Diagn 2003; 23: 1045–1048
Rieck S, Kaestner KH. Expansion of beta-cell mass in response to pregnancy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21: 151-158
Ryan EA and Enns L. Role of Gestational Hormones in the Induction of Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 341-347
Shirazian N, Emdadi R, Mahboubi M, et al. Screening for gestational diabetes:
usefulness of clinical risk factors. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009;280:933–937
Spencer K, Cowans NJ, Spencer CE, Achillea N. A re-evaluation of the influence of maternal insulin-dependent diabetes on fetal nuchal translucency thickness and first-trimester maternal serum biochemical markers of aneuploidy. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30: 937–940
Sweeney AT, Brown FM. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Clinics in Laboratory
Medicine 2001; 21: 173-192
Teede HJ, Harrison CL, Teh WT, Paul E, Allan CA. Gestational diabetes: development
of an early risk prediction tool to facilitate opportunities for prevention. Aust N Z JObstet Gynaecol 2011;51:499-504
Savvidou M, Nelson SM, Makgoba M, Messow CM, Sattar N, Nicolaides K. Firsttrimester prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus: examining the potential of
combining maternal characteristics and laboratory measures. Diabetes 2010;59:
3017–3022
Say N C An , Ahmet N. , Arda S. •,Varol F.G. The association of triple-marker test results with adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-risk pregnancies with healthy newborns .Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics . 2008 ;277:47-53
Tran TS, Hirst JE, Do MA, Morris JM, Jeffery HE. Early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus in Vietnam: clinical impact of currently recommended diagnostic criteria. Diabetes Care.2013 ;36:618-624
Valenti C, Schutta EJ, Kehaty T. Prenatal diagnosis of Down’s syndrome. Lancet II 1968; 220
Wald NJ, Densem, J.W., George, L., Muttukrishna, S.et al. Prenatal screening for Down’s syndrome using inhibin-A as a serum marker. Prenat.Diagn 1996; 16: 143-153
Wald NJ, Kennard A, Hackshaw AK. First trimester serum screening for Down's syndrome. Prenat Diagn 1995 ; 15: 1227-1240
Wald NJ, Kennard A, Hackshaw A, McGuire A. Antenatal screening for Down's syndrome. J Med Screen 1997; 4: 181-246
Huttly W, Rudnicka A, Nicholas J. Wald. Second-trimester prenatal screening markers for Down syndrome in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Prenat Diagn 2004; 24: 804–807
Wu, R. C., Kuo, P. L., Chen, C. P., Yao, B. L., Chang, F. M., & Liu, C. H., et al. The cut-off value of 50gm oral glucose screening test (GST) in pregnant Chinese women. Advences in Obstetrics and Perinatology 1992; 3: 76-80
Yaron Y, Cherry M, Kramer RL, O’Brien JE, Hallak M, Johnson MP et al Second-trimester maternal serum marker screening: maternal serum -fetoprotein, -human chorionic gonadotropin, estriol, and their various combinations as predictors of pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:968–974