臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

要發掘人體異常組織，有許多檢測方式，除了醫生事先透過目測及觸診等物理方式外，利用侵入式人體細胞組織切片、超音波、Ｘ光檢視、電腦斷層掃描或是核磁共振成像等，皆可以輔助醫方達成檢測目的；但由於部分檢測需花費一定的檢測金額，也消耗了許多時間，因此，本研究所針對部分弱點，設計一套檢測系統，不僅在操作使用方面簡易，也不需要耗費過多時間，同時本設計為非侵入性檢測，能屏除了一般人對其安全性上的顧慮。
本研究的設計原理，是利用異常組織與正常組織中，比較含氧血紅素與去氧血紅素裡，其對光的吸收能力；本研究藉由特定可見光以及近紅外線的吸收光譜特性下，使用特定的LED波長穿透人體組織，當照射皮下組織，含氧血紅素及去氧血紅素因其對光訊號吸收能力的不同，產生繞射與散射的現象，再將光感測器接收到的光訊號轉變成電訊號，以接收訊號的數據結果，藉此判斷皮下是否有異常組織。而目前為止，本研究儀器大約可以偵測到人體表皮下組織二到三公分的範圍。
本研究最後使用自製仿體，以模擬人體表皮下的正常及異常組織，利用實驗來調整其電路特性，如此並能使研究成效發揮至極。藉由檢測儀器，本研究希望根據檢測而出的數據，能當作事先預防治療的參考依據，透過數據發現異常，及時給予治療，以避免內部組織已有了問題，卻因為表皮層顯現無異狀而錯失治療良機。

There are several ways to examine an abnormal tissue. Besides physical methods like visual estimation or palpation, invasive human tissue biopsy, ultrasound, x-ray examination, Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and others. There are also other ways to detect the unusual pattern. However, many of the inspection systems cost huge amount of money and requires lengthy times. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide a convenient and cheaper method for testing tissue abnormalities. The objective is not only to shorten the duration of the examination and reduce the cost but also design a non-invasive examination that can alleviate the safety concerns during an invasive inspection.
The main theory of this research is the comparison of the light absorption between oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin in normal and abnormal tissues. Taking the characteristics of visual light and near-infrared spectrum, the research uses specific LED wavelengths for penetration. While irradiating the subcutaneous tissue, diffraction and scattering happens due to the different absorbing ability of HbO2 and Hb. In the end, this research collects and turns the light signal into electrical signals and calculates its statistical results. Subsequently, this device developed in this study is able to examine up to a depth of 2 to 3 centimeters into the human subcutaneous tissue.
In the final stage, this research uses a self-made phantom to imitate the normal and abnormal tissue under the epidermis of the human skin. Adjusting the circuit pattern in examines to get better outcomes. By utilizing this examination system, the research purposes to use the statistics data for the foundation of pre-treatment before it is too late.

摘　　要............................................................................................................................i
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..…ii
致　　謝..........................................................................................................................iii
目　　次..........................................................................................................................iv
表目錄.............................................................................................................................vii
圖目錄............................................................................................................................viii
第一章 緒論...................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景............................................................................................................1
1.2 研究動機與目的................................................................................................2
第二章 原理與相關文獻...............................................................................................3
2.1 光學原理............................................................................................................3
2.1.1 反射定律.....................................................................................................3
2.1.2 全反射定律.................................................................................................4
2.1.3 散射定律.....................................................................................................5
2.1.4 折射定律.....................................................................................................6
2.1.5 繞射定律.....................................................................................................7
2.1.6 光譜吸收.....................................................................................................8
2.1.7 比爾朗伯定律(Beer Lambert’s Law)…………………………………….9
2.1.8 光譜和可見光...........................................................................................10
2.2 人體組織介紹..................................................................................................11
2.2.1 組織...........................................................................................................11
2.2.2 脂肪組織...................................................................................................13
2.3 人體腫瘤介紹..................................................................................................14
2.4 含氧血紅素與去氧血紅素..............................................................................15
第三章 材料與方法.......................................................................................................17
3.1 硬體電路設計..................................................................................................17
3.1.1 單晶片dsPIC30F4011功能說明.............................................................17
3.1.2 燒錄裝置...................................................................................................20
3.1.3 光感測器 .................................................................................................20
3.1.4 暗電流.......................................................................................................21
3.1.5 輸出(IC)電流的直線性.............................................................................22
3.1.6 電源設計...................................................................................................26
3.1.7 LED裝置................................................................................................26
3.1.8 放大器原理...............................................................................................28
3.1.9 放大器設計...............................................................................................29
3.1.10 LCD模組介紹......................................................................................30
3.2 系統架構..........................................................................................................31
3.2.1 儀器量測方法...........................................................................................32
3.2.2 儀器量測方式設計...................................................................................33
3.3 dsp30F4011單晶片程式設計........................................................................34
3.3.1 Timer模組...............................................................................................35
3.3.2 A/D模組.................................................................................................35
3.4 仿體介紹..........................................................................................................38
3.4.1 利波貝20%介紹.......................................................................................39
3.4.2 仿體製作...................................................................................................40
3.5 儀器實體設計..................................................................................................42
第四章 實驗結果與討論...............................................................................................46
4.1 仿體量測..........................................................................................................46
4.2 仿體(水+洋菜粉)量測結果.............................................................................48
4.3仿體(水+Lipovenoes-20%)量測結果...............................................................52
第五章 結論...................................................................................................................57
5.1 結論..................................................................................................................57
5.2 未來展望..........................................................................................................57
參考文獻.........................................................................................................................58

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