人工關節材料以超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)與鈷鉻鉬合金(CoCrMo alloy)最為常見，而超高分子量聚乙烯於對磨時所產生的磨耗顆粒會誘導人體內的免疫反應而造成植入物與骨間隙之骨溶解現象(osteolysis)，進而加速人工關節鬆脫，減少人工關節之使用年限。
人體滑液膜分泌關節液提供關節對磨表面的緩衝與保護，其組成豐富且各成分藉不同的機制提供潤滑作用，我們已從先前研究中找出潤滑液的關鍵分子，分別為關節液中占比最高的白蛋白(albumin)，其對摩擦力影響顯著;而玻尿酸(HA)則具有降低對磨表面摩擦係數的能力。
本研究利用pin-on-disc(POD)摩擦測試系統，在邊界潤滑的運行條件下進行人工關節對磨材料的摩擦力測試，探討生物分子之摩擦潤滑行為。實驗中使用小牛血清(BCS)以符合國際標準的比例25v/v%當作潤滑液基底，添加玻尿酸(HA)以及與同屬多醣類且具生物性相容性分子如羧甲基纖維素(CMC)、藻酸鈉(AA)、角叉菜膠(CRG)等四種生物分子，探討不同成分存於潤滑液之中的摩擦行為與潤滑表現並進行比較分析，實驗結果發現藻酸鈉為具有潤滑潛力的生物添加分子，並可藉由存於潤滑液中的含量提升而增加潤滑表現，潤滑液含有12.5mg/ml藻酸鈉具有最低的摩擦係數。並進一步探討生物添加分子存在於白蛋白溶液中摩擦性質之差異，藉以了解各分子之潤滑行為;研究結果顯示白蛋白溶液含有單成分生物添加分子均可改善潤滑現象並以添加藻酸鈉可獲得的摩擦係數最小，此結果與牛血清之結果相呼應。
此外，進行多成分生物添加分子混合潤滑液之研究，依據實驗結果建議牛血清中含有4.5mg/ml之藻酸鈉與4.5mg/ml角叉菜膠對人工關節材料具顯著的潤滑效果，希望日後能夠進行人工關節模擬器的實驗進一步地加以驗證，以期找出人工關節潤滑液之最佳比例，降低人工關節的使用者二次置換的比率。

Ultra-high molecular molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and Co-Cr-Mo alloy are common artificial joint materials.Wear debris of UHMWPE will induce immune response of human body which leads to osteolysis.Moreover, it will accelerate the loosening of artificial joint and reduce the lifetime of artificial joints. The compositions of human synovial fluid are abundant. From previous studies, we found out that the key moleculars affecting the tribological behavior of artificial joints are albumin and hyaluronic acid.
In this study, we applied the pin-on-disc friction tests to screen out the potential bio-molecular additives to reduce friction.We applied 25v/v% bovine calf serum as lubricant which is used in artificial joint simulator.Hyaluronic acid, carboxymethyl cellulose, alginic acid sodium, carrageenan are applied as the additives in BCS in this study. We investigated and analyzed the tribiological behavior of lubricants with various compositions. The result showed that alginic acid sodium is the most effective biomolecular additive. The lowest of friction of coefficient will be shown when adding 12.5mg/ml of alginic acid sodium.
Furthermore, we investigated the difference in the lubrication characteristics of artificial joint materials when albumin solution was used as lubricant. The testing results show that the lubrication can be improved after adding the single molecule into albumin under boundary lubrication. Adding alginic acid could lead to the lowest friction of coefficient which is similar to the result when BCS was used as lubricant.
Moreover, this study suggests that the most effective combination of lubricant composition is bovine calf serum containing 4.5mg/ml of alginic acid and 4.5mg/ml of carrageenan. It shall be further designed to run the artificial joint simulator tests to verify the phenomena observed in this study.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌 謝 v
目錄 vii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1人工關節置換 1
1.2 研究動機 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 人工關節 5
2.1.1 人工關節組成元件 5
2.1.2 人工關節材料 6
2.1.3 人工關節毀損 10
2.2 生物摩擦學 11
2.2.1摩擦 11
2.2.2潤滑 12
2.3 關節液 14
2.4 生物分子與摩擦行為相關研究 16
2.4.1 分子間作用力 17
2.4.2 不同關節液成分對摩擦行為之影響 18
2.4.3 摩擦熱效應對生物潤滑分子摩擦行為之影響 20
2.5 生物添加分子 24
2.5.1 玻尿酸(Hyaluronic acid,HA) 25
2.5.2 羧甲基纖維素(Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose,CMC) 27
2.5.3 藻酸鈉(Na-Alginate,AA) 28
2.5.4 角叉藻二糖(Carrageenan,CRG) 30
第三章 關鍵問題與研究方法 32
3.1 問題定義 32
3.1.1 生物添加分子特性對人工關節元件之摩擦行為 32
3.2 研究方法 32
3.2.1 評估生物添加分子之摩擦行為 34

3.2.2 評估生物添加分子之流變特性 34
3.2.3 評估生物添加分子之摩擦化學變化 34
第四章 實驗方法 35
4.1 試劑配置 35
4.2 摩擦測試實驗 36
4.2.1 目的 36
4.2.2 實驗設備 36
4.2.3 實驗材料 37
4.2.4 實驗步驟 38
4.2.5 實驗數據分析 39
4.3黏度測試實驗 39
4.3.1 目的 39
4.3.2 實驗設備 39
4.3.3實驗器材 40
4.3.4 實驗步驟 41
4.4 蛋白質構形測試實驗 42
4.4.1 目的 42
4.4.2 實驗步驟 43
第五章 生物添加分子於關節潤滑液之摩擦行為 44
5.1目的 44
5.2 生物添加分子對人工關節潤滑液之摩擦行為 44
5.2.1 單成份生物添加分子之摩擦性質 44
5.2.2 多成份生物添加分子之摩擦性質 52
第六章 生物添加分子對白蛋白摩擦行為之影響 56
6.1 目的 56
6.2生物分子與白蛋白之交互作用 56
6.2.1 生物添加分子於白蛋白之摩擦性質 56
6.2.2生物添加分子於白蛋白之流變性質 62
6.2.3 生物添加分子對蛋白質結構之影響 64
第七章 討論 72
第八章 結論與建議 79
8.1結論 79
8.2建議 79

參考文獻 81
附錄A 小牛血清成分檢驗表 89
附錄B CD Test-HSA+Biomolecular 90
附錄C 藥品試劑 93
附錄D Friction Test- HA 94
附錄E 實驗設備器材 95

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