煞車系統在不當的駕駛習慣或保養習慣時，容易造成煞車來令片或碟盤磨耗不均現象，而導致振動、噪音的問題。本論文是針對煞車來令片因磨耗而引起的煞車系統振動噪音作研究。
論文中應用有限元素套裝軟體模組HyperWorks對煞車系統主要元件和次系統建模並作分析，模擬預估煞車來令片磨耗情形，分析結果與文獻值比較，趨勢相近；再以磨耗所造成的厚薄不均的情況，做煞車系統振動噪音分析，最後改變煞車系統相關設計變數，來改善煞車系統振動噪音問題。
研究結果顯示，應用不同熱處理能加強表面強度、降低磨耗現象，進而改善改善煞車系統振動噪音現象。改善後，煞車系統振動幅度可有效減少78%，煞車來令片磨耗降低15.3%，針對現有市售車的設計改善是很直接且容易達成的。

Harsh driving behaviors or poor vehicle maintenance can easily cause un-uniform wear on the brake pad or disc and lead to vibration or noise problems of the brake system. This research focuses the brake vibration that is due to the pad wear.
The study uses the commercial finite element code package, HyperWorks, to create the major components and sub-systems of a brake system, and to analyze and to predict the wear of the brake pad. The analysis results of this study are compared with the data of literature. They show good consistency with each other.
Design improvement is made by choosing different heat treatment for the pad to enhance the surface toughness. The wear of the pad is reduced by 15.3%, and the vibration amplitude of the brake system is improved around 78%. It is a quick, easy and practical way to improve the brake vibration and pad wear problems for the vehicles which are on the market.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 2
1.4 研究方法 4
1.5 論文架構 5
第二章 碟式煞車系統構造及原理 6
2.1 碟式煞車基本原理 6
2.2 碟式煞車制動系統 7
2.2.1 煞車卡鉗 7
2.2.2 煞車來令片 8
2.2.3 煞車碟盤 8
2.3 安全法規 9
2.4 磨耗理論 10
2.5 碟式煞車系統振動現象與根源 10
2.5.1 強迫振動產生之噪音及振動 11
2.5.2 摩擦特性產生之噪音及振動 11
2.5.3 煞車系統共振產生之噪音及振動 12
第三章 有限元素建模 13
3.1 模擬架構與建模 13
3.2 參數設定 16
3.3 邊界條件設定 18
3.4 負載條件設定 20
3.5 接觸面設定 22
第四章 分析結果與討論 23
4.1 磨耗分析 23
4.2 振動與噪音分析 24
4.3 分析結果與文獻比較 48
第五章 最佳化設計 49
5.1最佳化概述 49
5.2 最佳化設計 50
5.3 最佳化問題定義 50
5.3.1目標函數 51
5.3.2限制條件 52
5.4 最佳化結果討論 55
第六章 結論與未來展望 56
6.1 結論 56
6.2 未來展望 57
參考文獻 58
符號彙整 63

1.高雄山，煞車系統設計及安全性，台北，科技圖書，2004。
2.岑尚仁，石墨、鋁及製程參數對燒結銅基摩擦材料磨潤性質影響之研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學，台灣台南，2003。
3.C. Hohmann, K. Schiffner and J. Brecht, “Pad Wear Simulation Model,” SAE, 1999, Paper No. 1999-01-3392.
4.R. C. Dante and C. Navire, “A Basic Overview on Brake Disc Wear,” SAE, 2002, Paper No. 2002-01-2184.
5.S. A. Haggag and D. Abidou, “Impact of Pad Wear on the Pressure Dynamics of a Vehicle Braking System,” SAE, 2012, Paper No. 2012-01-1897.
6.J. Trainor, T. Duncan and R. Mangan, “Disc Brake Wear Debris Generation and Collection,” SAE, 2002, Paper No. 2002-01-2595.
7.S. Andersson, “Advanced Knowledge Application in Practice,” Igor Fuerstner (Ed.), 2010, pp16-36.
8.A. Bakar, H Ouyang, S James, and L Li, “Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,” SAGE: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2008, pp1153-1165.
9.A. Soderberg, S. Andersson , ” Simulation of wear and contact pressure distribution at the pad-to-rotor interface in a disc brake using general purpose finite element analysis software,” Wear, ELSEVIER, vol267, 2009, pp2244-2251.
10.C. T. Hoffman, “Damper design and development for use on disc brakeshoe and lining assemblies,” SAE, 1988, paper No.880254.
11.F. Bergman, M. Eriksson and S. Jacobson, “Influence of disc brake topography on generation of brake squeal,” Wear ,1999, pp225-229.
12.O. Dessouki, G. Drake, B. Lowe and W.K. Chang, “Disc Brake Squeal: Diagnosis and Prevention,” SAE, 2003, Paper No. 2003-01-1618.
13.J. Kang, ” Squeal analysis of gyroscopic disc brake system based on finite element method,” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, ELSEVIER, vol51, 2009, pp284-294.
14.S. Gassmann, and H. G. Engle, “Excitation and Transfer Mechanism of Brake Judder,” SAE, 1993, Paper No .931880, pp. 2008- 2018.
15.P. Liu, H. Zheng, C. Cai, Y.Y. Wang, C. Lu, K.H. Ang, G.R. Liu, ”nalysis of disc brake squeal using the complex eigenvalue method,” ScienceDirect, vol 68, 2007, pp603-615.
16.Y. Kumemura, Y. Gamo, K. Kono and S. Suga, “Analysis for Reducing Low Frequency Squeal of Disc Brake,” SAE, 2001, Paper No. 2001-01-3137.
17.W. Stringham, P. Jank, J. Pfeifer, and A. Wang, “Brake Roughness - Disc Brake Torque Variation, Rotor Distortion and Vehicle Response,” SAE, 1993, Paper No. 930803, pp. 1235-1247.
18.A. de Vries, and M. Wagner, “The Brake Judder Phenomenon,” SAE 1992, Paper No. 920554, pp.652-660.
19.K. Doi, T. Mibe, H. Matsui, T. Tamasho and H. Nakanishi, “Brake Judder Reduction Technology - Brake Design Technique Including Friction Material Formulation,” JSAE Review, 2000, pp.497- 502.
20.W. Loh, I. White, M. Rumpel and D. Li, “The Application of Experimental Design Method to Brake Induced Vehicle Vibrations,” SAE, 1998, Paper No. 980902, pp.1-7.
21.J. Tamari, K. Doi, and T. Tamasho, “Prediction of Contact Pressure of Disc Brake Pad,” JSAE Review, 2000, pp.133- 141.
22.童柏源、李建興、潘國良、賴偉宏、李文華、陳政賢、郭志平、李建鋒、林世政，「煞車異音診斷改善技術」，第十六屆車輛工程學術研討會，台北，2011，Paper No. A1-006。
23.唐建嘉，煞車抖振傳導效應之分析與改良，碩士論文，國立臺灣大學工學院機械工程學研究所，2007。
24.薛任鈞，車輛碟式煞車之煞車抖顫分析，碩士論文，國立臺灣大學工學院機械工程學研究所，2007。
25.W. Liu and J. Pfeifer, ” Reducing High Frequency Disc Brake Squeal by Pad Shape Optimization,” SAE, 2000, Paper No. 2000-01-0447.
26.M. Nelagadde and E. Smith, ”Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Brake Rotor Frequencies,” SAE, 2009, Paper No. 2009-01-3046.
27.W. Liu, “Improving Finite Element Models of Brake Pads Through Material Optimization,” SAE, 2007, Paper No. 2007-01-3946.
28.R. Edara, “Heavy Vehicle Disc Brake Components Design Using CAE Tools,” SAE, 2006, Paper No. 2006-01-3559.
29.C. L. Penninger and R. A. Swift, “Disc Brake Lining Shape Optimization by Multibody Dynamic Analysis,” SAE, 2004, Paper No. 2004-01-0725.
30.G. Leevy, N. Wasylewski and K. Cao, “Reducing Bolt-up Distortion of a Conventional Brake Rotor by Optimization,” SAE, 2005, Paper No. 2005-01-0793.
31.洪嘉鴻，汽車碟煞系統之可靠度研究，碩士論文，國立臺灣大學工學院機械工程學研究所，2008。
32.Auto Parts Network http://www.autopartsnetwork.com/
33.美國 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, FMVSS 105, 135 法規。
34.歐洲 Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 13 法規。
35.車輛安全審驗中心 Vehicle Safety Certification Center, VSCC 法規。
36.林裕翔，車輛研測資訊，財團法人車輛研究測試中心，2010，pp19-23。
37.美國 Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE J2430 法規。
38.日本Japanese Automotive Standards Organization, JASO C406法規。
39.陳卉琦，工具鋼雷射表面硬化處理之研究，碩士論文，國立東華大學材料科學與工程研究所，2003。
40.R. Chattopadhyay, Surface Wear: Analysis, Treatment, and Prevention, Cleveland: ASM International, 2001, pp55-142.
41.莊定穎，無網格法保險桿最佳化，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學車輛工程系碩士班，2012。
42.Yahoo!auto, http://autos.yahoo.com/ford/taurus/2001/reviews/
43.Altair Hyperworks Hypermesh之產品官方網站：http://www.altairhyperworks.com/Product,7,HyperMesh.aspx
44.Altair Hyperworks Radioss之產品官方網站：http://www.altairhyperworks.com/Product,51,RADIOSS.aspx
45.Altair Hyperworks Hyperview之產品官方網站：http://www.altairhyperworks.com/Product,11,HyperView.aspx
46.劉登基，汽車構造全書，台北：現代輪業出版社，1985。
47.國家碰撞分析中心 National Crash Analysis Center, NCAC, 模型。
48.李獻文，電子機械式煞車系統之分析與設計，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學車輛工程系碩士班，2007。
49.林金財，機車煞車碟之熱與應力分析之研究，碩士論文，國立中山大學機械工學系，2001。
50.徐業良，工程最佳化設計，台北，國立編譯館，1995，pp10-28。
51.陳慶宗，點焊對振動與碰撞之模擬與優化，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學車輛工程系碩士班，2009。
52.左成基，升科大四技汽車學(專業一)總複習，台北，科友圖書股份有限公司，2006，pp2-58。