臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

地球上每年經由光合作用成長的生物質高達2000億公噸，其中大部分為木質纖維素類生物質。利用木質纖維素原料作為生產第二代生物質酒精汽油燃料的過程中主要是前處理、糖化及發酵等程序，其前處理技術是生物質轉化利用的關鍵步驟。因此，開發高效率及更便捷的前處理技術是以木質纖維素原料生產纖維酒精汽油燃料的關鍵所在。利用不同的製程技術將木質纖維素類原料轉化成為生質燃料、工業用化學品、或具有經濟價值的綠色產品是全人類共同努力的目標。
本研究的目的是規劃、設計及建置一套微型的生物質蒸爆轉化前處理設備，以生物質的狼尾草渣為原料，採用物理化學法的蒸爆處理工程技術，產出具有低聚木糖成份的混合液為研究對象。經由研究及實驗找出相關的操作參數條件，使產出高含量的低聚木糖及少含量發酵抑制物的混合液為主要目標。本研究的方法共分為兩個階段，第一階段是分析狼尾草渣內部成分及建構50公升容量大小的高溫高壓蒸爆轉化機電設備；第二階段是採用此蒸爆轉化設備，將狼尾草渣中的半纖維素降解轉化為低聚木糖(木寡糖)。
為探討本研究之生物質蒸爆轉化系統設備的操作相關參數條件的精確性及關聯性，同時加入電控、儀控及監控模式之人機介面操作研究，以即時擷取蒸爆轉化系統運轉中各項重要控制參數變化，為日後建置高性能的生物質蒸爆轉化系統之製程商業化設備做準備。

The amount of biomass crops grown using photosynthesis has reached 200 billion metric tons per year. Biomass primarily comprises lignocellulosic biomass, which is used to produce second-generation biomass ethanol fuels after pretreatment, saccharification, and fermentation processes. The pretreatment technology is critical for biomass to be converted and used; thus, developing an efficient, convenient pretreatment technology is crucial for producing cellulosic ethanol fuel. Using various manufacturing technologies to convert lignocelluloses into biomass fuel, industrial chemicals, and economically valuable green products is a common developmental goal.
In this study, a miniature steam explosion pretreatment system for biomass conversion was planned, designed, and constructed. Napier grass was used as the biomass, producing a mixture of xylooligosaccharides by using steam explosion. The relevant parametric operating conditions were identified in an attempt to produce a mixture that comprised a high concentration of xylooligosaccharides and little fermentation inhibitors. The experiment involved two phases. First, the composition of Napier grass was analyzed and a 50-L electromechanical device of high temperature and pressure steam explosion for biomass conversion was constructed. Second, the steam explosion equipment was used to degrade Napier grass hemicelluloses into xylooligosaccharides.
To investigate the accuracy and correlation of parametric conditions of the steam explosion system for biomass conversion, this study included a human machine interface apparatus that comprised electrical, instrumental, and supervisory controls that instantly acquired variations of all relevant control parameters during system operation; this system should facilitate the commercial production and construction of high-performance steam explosion systems for biomass conversion.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景及動機 1
1.2相關研究概況及文獻探討 3
1.3研究的目的和方法 5
1.4論文架構 7
第二章 生物質原料前處理及其技術 8
2.1木質纖維素原料前處理的必要性 8
2.2常用的前處理技術 8
2.2.1 物理法 9
機械粉碎處理 9
高溫熱分解處理 9
輻射處理 10
蒸爆處理 10
2.2.2 化學法 11
酸處理 11
鹼處理 12
2.2.3 物理化學法 13
氨纖維爆碎處理 13
酸性氣體爆碎處理 14
2.2.4 生物法 14
2.3各種不同的生物質前處理技術之特性比較 15
第三章 蒸爆轉化系統工作原理及設備技術 17
3.1蒸爆系統組成及其技術應用 18
3.1.1 蒸爆系統程序及功能描述 18
3.1.2 蒸爆轉換系統技術應用 18
3.2蒸爆技術的主要內容 19
3.3蒸爆系統設備的工作原理及處理方式 20
3.3.1 蒸爆系統設備的工作原理 20
3.3.2 木質纖維素蒸爆原理 20
3.3.3 蒸爆轉化系統設備的處理方式 21
3.4影響蒸爆產物特性的主要因素 22
3.5蒸爆系統設備的優點及缺點 22
3.5.1 蒸爆處理的優點 22
3.5.2 蒸爆處理的缺點 23
3.6木質纖維素蒸爆轉化產品 23
3.6.1 纖維原料的種類及來源 23
3.6.2 纖維素前處理轉化產品 23
第四章 生物質蒸爆轉化系統設備規劃設計及建置 25
4.1蒸爆轉化系統機器設備 25
4.1.1 規劃階段 26
4.1.2 設備本體構造設計階段 29
4.1.3 製作階段 39
4.1.4 組裝階段 50
4.2電控儀控及監控系統設備 59
4.2.1 規劃階段 59
4.2.2 設計階段 60
4.3建置成果與討論 73
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 75
5.1結論 75
5.2未來研究方向 75
參考文獻 76
附錄 A 構造設備強度計算書 83
附錄 B 有限元素應力分析報告書 107
附錄 C 竣工圖 120
附錄 D 第一種壓力容器構造檢查申請檢查資料 123

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