臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　近年來，廠房之製程系統中的油壓式汽缸逐漸被氣動式汽缸取代，且磁簧開關也成熟的應用在汽缸之端點檢測上，但由於其配線過於繁雜，所以本論文將會在汽缸附近設計一氣動發電機，以降低其配線之複雜性，並使用無線感測節點來發送汽缸端點位置之信息。此外在部分製成程序中，各個工作點之時間訊息差也尤其重要，但由於各個節點之本地時鐘會因為振盪器頻率些許差異而使彼此之時鐘不同步，因此各個節點也需要時間同步機制。在傳統同步方法在同步週期方面會在一開始給予一個定值，但此值之大小會影響各個節點功率消耗以及同步精準度，因此本論文提出一個時間同步策略，特點在於加入趨勢概念與動態同步週期。趨勢概念能得知時間偏移變化量，還能使時間偏移長時間維持在同步門檻值內；動態同步週期則是在知道趨勢後，能夠進一步減少同步之封包數量，以達到減少同步消耗。

In recent years, the hydraulic cylinder has been replaced gradually by the air cylinder in manufacturing process. Reed switch is also used to detect state of an air cylinder, but wiring is too complex. The thesis designs a generator near the air cylinder which can reduce the complexity of the wiring and use a wireless sensor node to send the signal about the cylinder’s end position. Parts of the manufacturing process are important to get the timestamp of every operating point. Because oscillator’s frequency of each node is difference, each node''s local clock is not synchronization. It’s important to do time synchronization in WSN. In the traditional methods, synchronous cycle is a fixed value which can affect energy consumption and synchronization accuracy. This thesis presents a time synchronization strategy which has two features that are the trend conception and the dynamic synchronous cycle. That can decrease the number of packet transmission. In other words, that can reduce energy consumption. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified through experiment results.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻探討 2
1.3 研究動機與目的 4
1.4 論文大綱 6
第二章 系統與硬體架構 8
2.1 汽缸往復運動之設備與架構 8
2.2 無線模組 14
2.2.1　消耗量測 16
2.3 程式介面 19
第三章 基本理論及方法學 21
3.1 流體連續方程式 21
3.2 終端速度 22
3.3 最大功率轉移定理 23
第四章 氣動發電機 24
4.1 氣動發電機 25
4.1.1　氣動發電分析 26
4.1.2　氣動發電機基礎架構實測 28
4.1.3　孔徑大小對發電影響實測 30
4.1.4　線圈串並聯對發電影響實測 35
4.1.5　扇葉長短對發電量影響實測 40
4.2 儲能架構 42
4.2.1　穩壓電路 42
4.2.2　儲能與整體架構 45
第五章 傳統時間同步算法 47
5.1 傳輸時間延遲分析 47
5.2 RBS 48
5.3 TPSN 51
5.4 DMTS 54
第六章 動態時間同步協定 56
6.1 同步週期 56
6.2 DTSP 58
第七章 實驗結果與分析 67
7.1 時間同步實測與分析 67
7.1.1　時戳標記 67
7.1.2　誤差定義 68
7.1.3　單晶片程式編寫 69
7.1.4　RBS實驗結果 73
7.1.5　TPSN實驗結果 78
7.1.6　DMTS實驗結果 84
7.1.7　DTSP實驗結果 92
7.1.8　時間同步算法總結 97
7.2 DTSP應用於汽缸端點檢測實驗 98
第八章 結論與未來展望 100
8.1 結論 100
8.2 未來展望 101
參考文獻 102

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