臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣地處亞熱帶，因降雨豐沛，其降雨量無法為土壤吸收便匯集成地表逕流，倘若地表逕流集中產生強烈的侵蝕力，進而造成邊坡滑動及邊坡破壞等災害，更造成人民之生命財產安全。本研究採自行設計之切向水流沖蝕試驗儀來進行實驗，試驗材料採用友蚋溪之現地土壤，並配合兩種不同開孔徑之生態植生毯及不同粒徑大小之拋石組合，進行不同流速之試驗。實驗過程中，透過觀察試驗槽內之變化狀況，且配合量測系統所記錄之流量與濁度變化情形，以評估每組實驗之沖蝕行為。試驗結束後蒐集被沖蝕帶出之土壤，並進行粒徑分析試驗，以探究土壤沖蝕機制。由試驗結果可知沖蝕行為主要分為兩階段，分別為尚未沖蝕階段及穩定沖蝕階段；為能精確界定土壤沖蝕行為，採用統計學之盒鬚圖法來定義不同之沖蝕階段。
試驗結果顯示：(1)拋石孔隙率、生態植生毯之開孔徑大小及覆蓋率，皆為影響土壤沖蝕量之重要因素；(2)拋石孔隙率愈小、生態植生毯開孔徑愈小及覆蓋率愈大，其抗沖蝕能力愈高；(3)試驗所採用之兩種植生毯，其立體的組織結構編織方式，會產生囚砂之效果，提高土壤抗沖蝕之能力。

Located within the subtropics, Taiwan has a climate characterized by abundant rainfall, which cannot be fully absorbed by soil, thus giving rise to surface runoff. When runoff flows converge, the thus generated strong erosive forces can occasion disasters such as slope sliding and failure, which further pose threat to the safety of people’s lives and properties. In this study, experiments were conducted to test tangential flow erosion at different flow rates using a tester developed by the author for this purpose, the situ soil collected from Yourui Creek as the test material, and geomesh in two aperture sizes with riprap in different particle sizes. During the experiment, changes in flow and turbidity in the test tank were observed and recorded in a measurement system. Based on the records, the erosion behavior in each of these experiments was evaluated. The soil washed out by erosion was collected at the end of the testing and put to a particle size analysis test to investigate the mechanisms of soil erosion. Testing results show that erosion behavior can be divided into two stages: non erosion and steady erosion. To precisely define erosion behavior on soil, box and whisker plots in statistics were used for the definition of different erosion stages.
Testing results show: (1) riprap porosity, geomesh aperture size and coverage are important factors that affect the amount of soil erosion; (2) lower riprap porosity, smaller geomesh aperture size and greater geomesh coverage contribute to the increase in soil resistance to erosion; and (3) the 3D woven structure of the two types of geomesh tested has an sediment trapping effect that also increases soil resistance to erosion.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
誌 謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2研究內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1邊坡沖蝕與防治方法參考文獻 3
2.2地工織物與應用 3
2.3生態植生毯相關試驗參考文獻 4
2.4臨界流速參考文獻 6
2.5土壤沖蝕率參考文獻 8
2.6切向水流相關試驗 10
第三章 試驗方法與設備 17
3.1試驗目的與規劃 17
3.2試驗儀器介紹 18
3.3試驗材料與性質 20
3.3.1生態植生毯性質 20
3.3.2土壤性質 21
3.3.3彈珠性質 22
3.4試驗步驟 22
3.5量測系統 23
第四章 試驗結果與討論 38
4.1土壤沖蝕行為觀察與分類 38
4.1.1尚未沖蝕 38
4.1.2開始沖蝕 38
4.2盒鬚圖之應用 39
4.3試驗槽觀察 39
4.4切向水流試驗結果 40
4.4.1 S-01試驗結果 40
4.4.2 S-02試驗結果 42
4.4.3 S-03試驗結果 44
4.4.4 S-04試驗結果 46
4.4.5 S-05試驗結果 47
4.4.6 S-06試驗結果 49
4.5囚砂率試驗結果 51
4.5.1 S-07試驗結果 51
4.5.2 S-08試驗結果 52
4.6試驗結果綜合討論 53
第五章 結論與建議 84
5.1結論 84
5.2建議 85
參考文獻 86
符號彙編 90

1.林俊岳，人造被覆資材對土壤沖蝕防治及植生復育成效之研究，碩士論文，國立中興大學水土保持學研究所，臺中，2006。
2.林義傑，工程開挖裸露地表植生覆蓋對土壤沖蝕之探討，碩士論文，朝陽科技大學營建工程系，臺中，2009。
3.蘇筱婷，矩形明渠中地工鋪面水力糙度之試驗研究，碩士論文，國立成功大學水利及海洋工程研究所，臺南，2007。
4.謝金德，台灣山坡地土砂災害之防治，中華防災學刊，第一卷，第一期，2009，第29-37頁。
5.承辦單位：國立臺北科技大學土木工程學系(2011) ，「基隆河整體治理計畫(前期計畫)治理後之河川調查與評估(1/2) 」，經濟部水利署第十河川局。
6.承辦單位：國立臺北科技大學土木工程學系(2012) ，「基隆河整體治理計畫(前期計畫)治理後之河川調查與評估(2/2) 」，經濟部水利署第十河川局。
7.Arulanandan, K., Loganathan, P., and Krone, R. B. (1975), “Proe and eroding influences on surface erosion of soil.” Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. 1, January, pp. 51-66
8.Ahn, T.B., Cho, S.D. and Yang, S.C. (2002), “Stabilization of soil slope using geosynthetic mulching mat.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol. 20, pp. 135-146.
9.Aydilek, A. H. and Edill, T. B. (2004), “Evaluation of Woven Geotextile Pore Structure Parameters Using Image Analysis.” Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 1-12.
10.Bertacchi, P. and Cazzuffi, D. (1985), “Geotextile filters for embankment dams.” Water Power and Dam Construction, December, pp. 11-18.
11.Breteler, M.K., Verhey, H.J. (1990), “Erosion control by hydrodynamically sandtight geotextiles.” Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, Den Hoedt (ed.).
12.Cranfield University (1999), “Waterway bank protection: a guide to erosion assessment and management.” Environment Agency, pp. 75-105.
13.Chuang Tsai-Fu, Chen Chih-Yung, Hong Yao-Ming and Chen Jung-Wei (2006), “The Application of Plants to Slope Ecological Engineering Methods.” MingDao Journal, vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 91-108.
14.Chen Su-Chin, Wang Shi-Hao, Lin Jun-Yue and Chen Chun-Hao (2008), “The Efficiency of Artificial Geo-Textiles for Hillslope Erosion Control.” Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 39, No. 3, March, pp. 289-302.
15.Giroud, J. P. (1996), “Granular filters and geotextile filters.” Proceeding of Geofilters’96, Montréal, Canada, pp. 565-680.
16.Guidoux, C., Faure, Y. H., Beguin, R., and Ho, C. C. (2010), “Contact erosion at the interface between granular coarse soil and various base soils under tangential flow condition.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 136, No. 5, May, pp. 741-750.
17.Ho, C. C. (2007), “The Erosion Behavior of Revetment Using Geotextile.” Ph.D. Dissertation, National Taiwan University (Taiwan) and Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble (France).
18.John, N. W. M. (1987), “Geotextiles.” Blackie and Son, Glasgow.
19.Jien Shih-Hao, Lee Ming-His, Chien Wei-Hsin, Tai Tzu-Yang, Wang Chung-Chi and Chen Chun-Ting (2013), “The Effects of the Cover Ratio of Erosion Control Geosynthetic Mesh on Soil Losses along Hillslopes.” Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 44, No. 2, December, pp. 158-165.
20.Kandiah, A. (1975), “Fundamental aspects of surface erosion of cohesive soils.” PhD thesis, University of Califrnia, Davis, Calif.
21.Knaap, F.C.M. van der, M. Klein Breteler and T. van der Meulen. (1986), “Design criteria for geotextiles beyond the sandtightness requirement.” Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Geotextiles. Vienna, Austria.
22.Lafleur, J. (1990), “Selection of geotextiles to filter broadly graded cohesionless soils,”Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 17, pp. 299-312.
23.Sanford, L. P., Maa, J. P.Y. (2001), “A unified erosion formulation for fine sediments.” Marine geology, Vol. 179, June, pp. 9-23.
24.Scherzinger, Th. (1984), “Erosion behavior of laminated gravel/sandy soil during horizontal flow.” Deep work (unpublished) on Institute for Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechanics of Karlsruhe University (in German).
25.Wan, C. F., and Fell, R. (2004), “Investigation of rate of erosion of soils in embankment dams.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 130, No. 4, April, pp. 373-380.
26.Wan, C. F., and Fell, R. (2002), “Investigation of internal erosion and piping of soils in embankment dams by the Slot Erosion Test and the Hole Erosion Test.” UNICIV Report No.R-412, July, ISBN 85841 379 5, pp. 325.
27.XU Qing-Xue, WANG Tian-Wei, XAI Chong-Fa, LI Zhao-Xia, SHI Zhi-Hua and FANG Rong-Jie (2013), “Responses of Runoff and Soil Erosion to Vegetation Removal and Tillage on Steep Lands.” Pedosphere, Vol. 23, No. 4, March, pp. 532-541.
28.Yang Yi-En, Lee Der-Her, Chen Meng-Wen and Lin Hung-Ming (2006), “The Field Experimentation of Erosion Protection for the Mudstone Slope in Southwestern Taiwan.” Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, Vol. 37, No. 4, June, pp. 399-414.