臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

馬達是日常生活中許多電器不可或缺的元件之一，其中直流無刷馬達因為較傳統交流馬達省電，而且少了直流有刷馬達中的電刷與轉軸的摩擦而較安靜，也沒有電刷損耗的困擾，故近來被廣泛的應用在多種電器用品上。而常見的直流無刷馬達的驅動有弦波脈波頻寬調變技術與方波脈波頻寬調變技術。在不同的應用場合及產品中，方波驅動無刷馬達具有低切換損失以及不需要精確的轉子回授等優點，但隨之而來的是轉矩漣波較大，因此，較適用在需要大能量輸出場合的產品如：載具、幫浦、工具機、工業用風扇及戶外型產品等。相較之下，弦波驅動無刷馬達運轉較為平順且較無震動、無噪音，適用產品如：空調、洗衣機、家用風扇等家用產品。
本論文將弦波脈波調變技術應用在吸入式天花板風扇中，並加入依溫度變化控制風扇轉速的功能，用來搭配空調系統或冷氣以調控溫度，使室內溫度能更快達到所設定之溫度，以節省空調運轉時間，達到節能省電的效用。而且，直流無刷馬達比傳統交流馬達的功率消耗低，功效更高。本論文研究相關驅動技術，致力提升馬達效能並使馬達運轉更平順。經由本論文所做的實驗結果顯示，搭配本論文所設計的吸入式天花板風扇後，溫度下降所需的時間比未使用風扇的環境下快了14.8%，進而能減少冷氣高頻率運轉的時間，達到節省用電量的目地。而在馬達方面，經由調整相位超前角等方法，使馬達有效的節省了18.3%的功率消耗，進而得到客戶的採用，未來有機會能成為一項成熟的產品。

The motor is an indispensable component of many appliances in daily life. Because of more energy efficient than the traditional AC motor, and relatively quiet due to no friction of rotor and brush of the brush DC motor, and also without the problems of damage to the brush, the brushless DC (BLDC) motor has been widely used in a variety of electrical appliances recently. There are two common control methods of BLDC motor, the sine wave pulse width modulation technology and square wave pulse width modulation technology. In different applications and products, using square wave to drive a BLDC motor has a low power loss by switching, and does not require the precise feedback from rotor. However, it has the large torque ripples. It is more suitable for high-power output equipments, such as vehicles, pumps, machine tools, industrial fans and outdoor products. In contrast, the sine wave drive BLDC motor is more smooth, no vibration and no noise. That makes it applicable to products such as: air-conditioners, washing machines, household fan and other household products.
In this thesis, the sine wave pulse width modulation technology has been implemented in the inhaled ceiling fan, and the speed of the fan can be controlled with the temperature. It is integrated with the air-conditioning system to regulate the temperature and make the indoor temperature quickly to reach the set temperature and save the air conditioning running time. This results in saving of more energy. In addition, BLDC motor has lower power consumption and higher efficacy than the traditional AC motor. This study has been research related motor drive technology to enhance the motor performance and make the motor runs more smoothly. The experimental results of this study show that, with the inhaled ceiling fan, the time of reducing the temperature is saving about 14.8% than without using the fan which can also reduce the time of highly frequent operation of air conditioning. This result can help to save much more power. In addition, by adjusting the phase leader angle and other methods which can effectively save 18.3% power, so that the customers will choose to adopt this solution. And it has the opportunity to become a mature product in the future.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究方法 3
1.4 論文架構 5
第二章 直流無刷馬達 6
2.1 直流無刷馬達基本介紹 6
2.1.1 基本構造 7
2.1.2 驅動原理 9
2.2 霍爾元件 10
2.3 馬達控制電路 12
2.4 馬達驅動技術 13
2.4.1 反電動勢 14
2.4.2 馬達數學式 15
2.4.3 脈波頻寬調變 17
2.5 方波驅動 19
2.6 弦波驅動 23
第三章 系統及相關元件介紹 26
3.1 系統介紹 26
3.2 控制器軟體架構 28
3.3 控制程式流程 29
3.4 熱敏電阻 31
3.4.1 NTC電路設計 31
3.4.2 NTC電阻係數 32
3.4.3 NTC電阻值公式 33
3.5 速度控制 35
3.5.1 開迴路速度控制 38
3.5.2 閉迴路速度控制 39
3.6 遠端搖控 41
第四章 馬達效能調校方法 43
4.1 三次諧波 43
4.2 相位超前角 46
第五章 實驗結果與分析 51
5.1 實驗環境設置 51
5.2 實驗步驟 53
5.3 實驗結果及分析 54
5.3.1 弦波驅動輸出波形 54
5.3.2 使用天花板風扇之溫度對照 57
5.3.3 與一般立扇之比較 58
5.3.4 室內不同區域溫度量測 61
5.3.4.1 使用天花板風扇 61
5.3.4.2 使用一般立扇 62
5.3.5 實驗結果分析 63
5.3.6 實際應用產品 63
第六章 結論與未來展望 65
6.1 結論 65
6.2 未來展望 66
參考文獻 67

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