臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用功能性磁振造影(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI)來探討動作學習(Motor learning)對於大腦功能性連結的改變。過去很多關於提升動作學習的研究，情境干擾效應(contextual interference effect, CI effect)就是其中一種。給予受試者程度不同的動作訓練，本實驗使用4種不同燈號的按鍵排序，設計為兩種不同干擾程度，分別為重複性的序列練習(低干擾)以及交錯性的序列練習(高干擾)，在交錯性的訓練方式下會有助於動作學習。
以心理生理交互作用(psycophysiological interaction, PPI)分析fMRI影像，來研究CI effect是否會產生腦區間的功能性連結改變。在第一、二天的練習期，交錯性序列練習的群族比起重覆性序列練習的群族，在雙側的PM、DLPFC、SMA以及Caudate腦區皆有顯著的功能性連結增強。在第五天的測驗期，交錯性序列練習的群族比起重覆性序列練習的群族，在left PM、right PM、right DLPFC、left SMA以及right SMA腦區皆有顯著的功能性連結增強。這些腦區的功能性連結增強也可表示能增進動作的學習以及技能的提取。

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore changes in functional connectivity under the contextual interference (CI) paradigm of motor learning, where practice context was manipulated by presenting multiple tasks in either a repetitive order (lower interference) or an interleaved order (higher interference).
We used psycophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis to explore the changes in functional connectivity of the cerebral motor learning network on practicing different motor sequences. On day 1 and 2 of practice, the interleaved practice group had stronger functional connectivity than the repetitive practice group in the bilateral premotor area (PM), the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the supplementary motor area (SMA), and the caudate nucleus. On day 5, however, the repetitive practice group had stronger functional connectivity than the interleaved practice group in the above areas except the caudate nucleus. These findings demonstrate that the stronger functional connectivity is associated with better motor learning and skill retrieval.

目錄
致謝 i
中文摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 動作學習(motor learning) 1
1.2 情境干擾效應(contextual interference effect) 2
1.3 功能性腦影像 4
1.3.1 核子醫學影像 5
1.3.2 功能性磁振造影 5
1.4 動作學習與大腦功能網路 6
1.5 功能性連結 8
1.6 研究動機與目的 10
第二章 實驗材料與方法 11
2.1 實驗一 11
2.1.1 受試者 11
2.1.2 實驗設計 11
2.1.3 序列按鍵實驗(serial reaction-time tasks) 12
2.1.4 功能性磁振造影 13
2.2 實驗二 14
2.2.1 受試者 14
2.2.2 實驗設計 14
第三章 實驗數據分析 16
3.1 序列按鍵反應實驗 16
3.2 功能性磁振造影 17
3.2.1 影像前處理 17
3.2.2 統計分析 18
3.3 功能性連結 18
第四章 實驗結果與討論 20
4.1 序列按鍵反應實驗 20
4.2 功能性磁振造影 24
4.2.1 血氧濃度相依 24
4.2.2 心理生理交互作用 25
第五章 PPI實驗結果(圖表) 29
5.1 練習期 29
5.2 測驗期 39
第六章 結論 46
參考文獻 47

圖目錄
圖 1 情境干擾效應 4
圖 2 心理生理交互作用 9
圖 3 實驗一使用之重複性以及交錯性序列排序 12
圖 4 序列按鍵的顯示 13
圖 5 實驗二使用之重複性以及交錯性序列排序 15
圖 6 影像前處理與統計分析流程 17
圖 7 實驗一行為實驗結果 21
圖 8 實驗一行為實驗結果(RP then IP) 21
圖 9 實驗一行為實驗結果(IP then RP) 22
圖 10 實驗二行為實驗結果 23
圖 11 Hemodynamic response 25
圖 12 練習期以PM做為seed之連結增強的腦區 30
圖 13 練習期以DLPFC做為seed之連結增強的腦區 32
圖 14 練習期以SMA做為seed之連結增強的腦區 34
圖 15 練習期以caudate做為seed之連結增強的腦區 36
圖 16 練習期以hippocampus做為seed之連結增強的腦區 38
圖 17 測驗期以PM做為seed之連結增強的腦區 40
圖 18 測驗期以DLPFC做為seed之連結增強的腦區 42
圖 19 測驗期以SMA做為seed之連結增強的腦區 44
圖 20 測驗期以hippocampus做為seed之連結增強的腦區 45
表目錄
表 1 練習期以PM做為seed之連結增強的腦區 29
表 2 練習期以DLPFC做為seed之連結增強的腦區 31
表 3 練習期以SMA做為seed之連結增強的腦區 33
表 4 練習期以caudate做為seed之連結增強的腦區 35
表 5 練習期以hippocampus做為seed之連結增強的腦區 37
表 6 測驗期以PM做為seed之連結增強的腦區 39
表 7 測驗期以DLPFC做為seed之連結增強的腦區 41
表 8 測驗期以SMA做為seed之連結增強的腦區 43
表 9 測驗期以hippocampus做為seed之連結增強的腦區 45

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