本論文提出一種新型的單通道立體顯微鏡，是利用雙稜鏡(Biprism)架設於無限遠光學系統的平行光路中，成功地在十倍單眼物鏡下擷取到左右影像對。藉由光學模擬軟體Zemax，設計出無限遠光學系統等效鏡組，並進行相關光學參數分析及探討光學成像品質是否相符，將此等效鏡組與雙稜鏡在另一光機模擬軟體LightTools環境下，進行整體光學系統架構模擬分析，並根據模擬結果將雙稜鏡相關參數做最佳化的動作，依據此參數製作雙稜鏡並進行實驗拍攝。
針對模擬結果中的左右影像對，以紅藍眼鏡和生理因素方式，驗證此光學系統是否能提供物體深度資訊，其中生理因素方式利用眼睛調節和收斂的位置不同，以負視差的方式呈現物體深度感，但在模擬和實驗結果分析中，每個人都有不同的生理機制，水晶體的調節狀態不同及對色彩的敏感度不同，導致對深度感會有差異性，將實驗結果利用SIFT-RANGC和RANGC演算法計算出影像對的特徵點，並得到disparity為0.244mm，深度為1.05mm，再利用SFD演算法將影像對重建出深度資訊和三維影像資訊。
本文提出在無限遠光學系統下加入一個雙稜鏡，經單一物鏡擷取後可得到兩個不同視角的影像，藉由此兩張左右影像產生立體視覺效果。相較於藉由取得多層二維影像資訊再重建出三維影像訊息的共軛焦顯微鏡(Confocal microscope)，本研究不僅大幅減少精密儀器設備，且安裝上也較為簡單。與傳統雙通道立體顯微鏡相比之下，更是在單通道下即可擷取左右影像對。

Different from traditional two-channel stereomicroscopes, a biprism is installed in the parallel optical path of an infinity optical system to successfully shooting the left and right image pair with a 10x single objective. The equivalent lens for the infinity optical system is designed with Zemax and preceded optical parameter analyses to discuss the conformity with the optical imaging quality. Such equivalent lens and the biprism are further analyzed the overall optical system structure with LightTools. The results optimize the biprism parameters for the experiment.
The left and right image pair in the result is verified the object depth with anaglyph glasses and physiological factors, where the latter presents the object depth perception with negative parallax by eye adjustment and convergence. Nevertheless, with distinct physiological systems, different lens adjustment and color sensitivity could result in different depth perception. The experimental results are calculated the features point of the image pair with SIFT-RANGC and RANGC that the disparity appears 0.244mm, and the depth shows 1.05mm. SFD is further utilized for establishing the depth information and 3D image information of the image pair.
A biprism is included in the infinity optical system to acquire images with two angles of view through the single objective so as to present the stereoscopic perception. Comparing with Confocal microscopes, which rebuild 3D image information with multilayer 2D image information, this study could largely reduce the precise equipment and the installation is easier. Moreover, it could acquire image pair simply through single channel, in comparison with traditional two-channel stereomicroscopes.

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2.1 顯微鏡發展歷史 1
1.2.2 立體顯微術 2
1.3 研究動機與目的 5
1.4 論文架構 6
第二章、立體影像原理 7
2.1 人類眼睛的構造 7
2.1.1 人類視覺系統 7
2.2 產生深度感之因素 8
2.2.1 生理因素 8
2.2.2 心理因素 9
2.3 產生深度感的形式 12
第三章、光學顯微鏡架構與原理 13
3.1 光學顯微鏡幾何原理 13
3.1.1 符號定義 13
3.1.2 近軸近似下光線追跡 14
3.2 光學顯微鏡架構 16
3.2.1 物鏡架構 18
3.2.2 電子目鏡 19
3.2.3 像質分析 19
第四章、雙稜鏡式單通道立體顯微鏡設計 21
4.1 物鏡鏡組的基本規格 22
4.2 無限遠光學系統 23
4.3 等效物鏡初階設計 24
4.4 物鏡最佳化分析 25
4.5 稜鏡 29
4.5.1 稜鏡原理 30
4.5.2 稜鏡與無限遠光學系統結合 31
第五章、結果與討論 32
5.1 模擬結果 32
5.2 實驗結果 35
5.3 模擬結果討論 38
5.3.1 紅藍眼鏡產生立體感 38
5.3.2 生理因素產生立體感 38
5.4 實驗結果討論 39
5.4.1 Disparity 40
5.4.2 Shape from Defocus 42
5.4.3 實驗圖之立體效果 44
5.5 市面上立體顯微鏡之比較 45
第六章、結論與未來展望 47
參考文獻 48

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