跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(18.97.14.86) 您好!臺灣時間:2025/02/09 00:42
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:馬駿駒
研究生(外文):Chun-chu Ma
論文名稱:以線上品牌經驗改善顧客忠誠度之研究-以智慧型手機作業系統為例
論文名稱(外文):The role of online brand experience on enhancing customer loyalty-Based on the case of smartphone operating systems
指導教授:莊煥銘莊煥銘引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立雲林科技大學
系所名稱:資訊管理系碩士班
學門:電算機學門
學類:電算機一般學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2013
畢業學年度:101
語文別:英文
論文頁數:83
中文關鍵詞:顧客忠誠度線上品牌關係線上品牌經驗智慧手機作業系統
外文關鍵詞:Customer loyaltyonline brand relationship.Smartphone operating systemsOnline brand experience
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:211
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:1
近年來智慧型手機的快速成長,逐漸改變了人們的生活型態。而智慧型手機主流作業系統(例如,Google android, Apple ios 和Windows phone)間的競爭更加激烈;系統製造商面對本質上喜新厭舊的科技時代顧客群,一個重大挑戰就是如何有效維持其忠誠度。
本研究以線上品牌經驗為主要核心變數,而關切其重要的前因與後果變數。主要前因變數為系統之實用與愉悅相關屬性,而後果變數則包括滿意度、信任、品牌形象、線上品牌關係、與忠誠度。本究方法以網路問卷收集資料,並以SEM進行分測量模型與結構模型分析,主要結論可列舉如下:(1) 知覺娛樂對線上品牌經驗的影響力不如知覺易用、知覺有用、與知覺美學;(2) 線上品牌經驗的後果變數中,除了滿意度未顯著正向影響信任,其他變數皆有顯著影響力;(3) 品牌形象對顧客忠誠可發揮顯著正向影響力。
本研究主要結論有助於提供智慧型手機作業系統製造商,如何有效改善系統以提升顧客忠誠度與公司獲利率的實用參考。
In recent years, the rapid growth of smart phones has gradually changed people''s lifestyles. The competition among mainstream smartphone operating systems (for example, Google android, Apple ios and Windows phone) gets more and more intensive. Facing most customer has variety seeking tendency in this information technology era, the operating system manufacturers confront with the great challenge of how to effectively maintain their customers’ loyalty.
This study bases online brand experience (OBE) as the focal construct to investigate its important antecedent and consequent variables. The main antecedent variables include utilitarian as well as hedonic system attributes, and consequent variables include satisfaction, trust, brand image, online brand relationships and loyalty. Web questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data form representative samples. Data analyzed by SEM to test measurement and structural models. Major findings can be listed as follows: (a) perceived entertainment has less influences on online brand experience as compared with of the online brand experience as the influence of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived aesthetics; (b) besides satisfaction does not affect trust significantly, all other consequent variables of OBE play important roles; (c) brand image can affect customer loyalty positively.
The main conclusions of this study help to provide smartphone operating system manufacturers practical guidelines on how to effectively improve the system in order to enhance customer loyalty and corporate profitability.
Chinese abstract…………………………………………i
Abstract....... ..............................ii
Acknowledgements……………………………………iii
Table of content………………………………………iv
Table of content (cont.)……………………v
List of Table.......... ......................vi
List of Figure. ..............................vii
Chapter 1 Introduction. ........................1
1.1. Research Background and Motivation........ 1
1.2. Research Problems......................... 3
1.3. Research Objectives....................... 3
1.4. Research Flow............................. 4
Chapter 2 Leterature Review.................... 5
2.1. Online Brand Experience................... 5
2.2. System Utilitarian Attributes............. 8
2.2.1. Perceived Ease of Use................... 9
2.2.2. Perceived Usefulness.................... 9
2.3. System Hedonic Attributes................. 10
2.3.1. Entertainment........................... 10
2.3.2. Aesthetics.............................. 11
2.4. Trust..................................... 12
2.5. Satisfaction.............................. 13
2.6. Brand Image............................... 14
2.7. Online Brand Relationship................. 16
2.8. Customer Loyalty.......................... 17
Chapter 3 Research Design and Method........... 18
3.1. Hypothesis ................................18
3.2.1. Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness..................................... 18
3.2.2 .Entertainment and Aesthetic............................. 18
3.2.3. Online Brand Experience, Satisfaction, Trust and Brand Image.......................... 19
3.2.4. Satisfaction and Trust................. 20
3.2.5. Satisfaction and Online Brand Relationship................................... 21
3.2.6. Satisfaction and Loyalty........................................ 21
3.2.7. Trust and Loyalty............................................... 22
3.2.8. Trust and Online Brand Relationship................................... 22
3.2.9. Brand Image and Trust......................................... 23
3.2.10. Online Brand Relationship and Loyalty........................................ 23
3.2. Research Framework ................................................24
3.3. Construct and Measurement................................... 25
3.4. Sample and Survey......................................... 33
3.4.1. Sampling ................................................33
3.4.2. Survey Method.......................... 33
3.5. Analysis Method........................... 34
Chapter 4 Data analysis and Result......................................... 35
4.1. Pretest and Pilot test.......................................... 35
4.2. Descriptive Analysis....................................... 37
4.2.1. Characteristics of Respondents.................................. 37
4.2.2. Measurement Results for Relevant Research Variables............. 42
4.3. Reliability and Validity Analysis......... 43
4.4. Structural Equation Model (SEM).......................................... 47
4.5.ANOVA Analysis .............................................. 53
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Sugestions..................................... 55
5.1. Conclusions................................... 55
5.2. Managerial Implications................... 57
5.3. Research Limitations and Future Research.......................... 58
References............................................................. 59
Appendix: Chinese version of the questionnaire......................... 69
IEK(2011), produced by the center: from the global smart mobile terminal market trend of Taiwan industrial development , Executive Yuan RDEC: households with personal digital divide survey and the 100-year personal households Digital Opportunity Survey.
IDC Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker report (2012) Retrieved august 1, 2012, from the World Wide Web:
http://bgr.com/2012/06/06/smartphone-market-share-2012-ios-windows-phone-idc/
People holding phones Digital Opportunity Survey(2010) from RDEC Executive Yuan.
Agustin Clara and Singh Jagdip, (2005), “Curvilinear Effects of Consumer Loyalty Determinants in Relational Exchanges”, 13, Journal of Marketing Research
Alloza, Angel,(2008),“Brand Engagement and Brand Experience At BBVA, The Transformation of a 150 Years Old Company”, Corporate Reputation Review, 11, 371-381.
Ambler, T., Bhattacharya, C. B., Edell, J., Keller, K. L., Lemon, K. N., &; Mittal, V. (2002).Relating brand and customer perspectives on marketing management. Journal of Service Research, 5(1), 13–25.
Amine Abdelmajid, (1998), “Consumers'' True Brand Loyalty: The Central Role of Commitment”, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 6, 305-319.
Anderson C. James &; Narus A.James,(1990), "A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships", Journal of Marketing ,54 ,42-58.
Anderson, R. E., &; Srinivasan, S. S. (2003). E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework. Psychology &; Marketing, 20(2), 123–128.
Bailey, R., &; Ball, S. (2006).An exploration of the meanings of hotel brand equity. The Service Industries Journal, 26(1),15–38.
Bart Y, Shankar V, Sultan F, Urban GL.(2005) Are the drivers and role of online trust the same for all web sites and consumers? A large-scale exploratory empirical study. J Mark ,69(4) ,133–52.
Bennet, Rebekah, Hartel, C.J.H, and Mccoll-Kennedy, J.R.(2005). Experience as a Moderator of Involvement and Satisfaction on Brand Loyalty in a Business-to-Business Settings, Industrial Marketing Management, 34, 97-107.
Bennett Rebekah, Thiele Sharyn Rundle, (2005), “The Brand Loyalty Life Cycle: Implications for Marketers”, Brand Management 12 (4), 250-163.
Bloch PH.(1995) Product design and consumer response. J Mark ,59(3)pp.16–29
Bosshart, L., &; Macconi, I.(1998). Defining entertainment. Communication Research Trends, 18(3) ,3–6.
Brakus, J.J., Schmitt, B.H. and Zarantonello L. (2009), “Brand Experience; What Is It? How Is It Measured? Does It Affect Loyalty?”, Journal Of Marketing, 52-68.
Bridges E, Florsheim R.(2008) Hedonic and utilitarian shopping goals: the online experience. J Bus Res ,61(4) ,309–14.
Bruner, G.,&; Kumar, A. (2005). Explaining consumer acceptance of handheld Internet devices. Journal of Business Research, 58(5) ,115–120.
Burnham,T., Frels, J. K., &; Mahajan, V. (2003). Consumer switching costs: A typology, antecedents, and consequences. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(2) ,109–126.
Browne, M.W. and R. Cudeck (1992), “Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit,”
Sociological Methods &; Research, 21(2),230-258.
Campbell, K.(1993). Researching brands. In D.A. Aaker &; A.L. Biel (Eds.),Brand equity and advertising pp. 56–62. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Caruana A, Ewing MT. (2010) How corporate reputation, quality, and value influence online loyalty. J Bus Res ,63(9–10) ,1103–10.
Casalo, L., Flavian, C.,&; Guinaliu, M. (in press).The role of perceived usability, reputation, satisfaction and consumer familiarity on the website loyalty formation process. Computers in Human Behavior.
Chang H. H. &; Liu Y. M. (2009) The impact of brand equity on brand preference and purchase intentions in the service industries. The Service Industries Journal, 29 (12), 1687–1706.
Chang H.H., Chen S.W. (2008) The impact of customer interface quality, satisfaction and switching costs on e-loyalty: Internet experience as a moderator Computers in Human Behavior, 24 ,2927–2944.
Cheskin (1999). Research and Studio Archetype. Ecommerce trust study. Redwood Shores, CA: Cheskin Research
Chitturi, R., Rajagopal, R., &; Vijay, M.(2008). Delight by design: The role of hedonic versus utilitarian benefits. Journal of Marketing, 72(3) ,48–63.
Chitturi,R., Rajagopal, R., &; Vijay, M.(2007). Form versus function: How the intensities of specific emotions evoked in functional versus hedonic trade-offs mediate product preferences. Journal of Marketing Research,44(4), 702–714.
Christodoulides G, de Chernatony L, Furrer O, Shiu E, Abimbola T.(2006) Conceptualising and measuring the equity of online Brands. J Mark Manag 22(7/8) ,799–825.
Christodoulides G, de Chernatony L.(2004) Dimensionalising on- and offline brands'' composite equity. J Prod Brand Manag ,13(3) ,168–79.
Cyr, D., Head, M., &; Ivanov, A. (2006). Design aesthetics leading to m-loyalty in mobile commerce. Information &; Management, 43(8) ,950–963.
Carmines, E.G., and McIver, J.P. (1981) “Analyzing models with unobserved
variables: Analysis of covariance structures,” Social Measurement,19,65-110.
DallʼOlmo Riley F, de Chernatony L.(2000) The service brand as relationships builder. Br J Manag 11(2) ,137–50.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3) ,319–339.
de Chernatony L, DallʼOlmo Riley F.(1998) Defining a“brand”: beyond the literature with experts'' interpretations. J Mark Manag,14(4/5) ,417–43.
de Chernatony, L., Cottam, S., &; Segal-Horn, S. (2006). Communicating services brands’ values internally and externally. The Service Industries Journal, 26(8),819–836.
Delgado-Ballester, Elena, Jose L. Munuera-Aleman And Maria J., Yague-Guillen (2003), "Development and Validation of a Brand Trust Scale", International Journal of Market Research, 45 (1), 35-53.
Dhar, R., &; Klaus, W.(2000).Consumer choice between hedonic and utilitarian goods. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(1) ,60–71.
Dick, A. S., &; Basu, K.(1994). Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2) ,99–113.
Dolen W.M. Van, Dabholkar P.A., Ruyter K. De,(2007)Satisfaction with online commercial group chat: the influence of perceived technology attributes, char group characteristics, and advisor communication style, Journal of Retailing ,83 (3), 339–358.
Doney, Patricia M. And Joseph P. Cannon, (1997), "An Examination of the Nature of Trust in Buyer-Seller Relationships," Journal of Marketing, 61,35-51.
Eastlick MA, Lotz SL, Warrington P.(2006) Understanding online B-to-C relationships: an integrated model of privacy concerns, trust, and commitment. J Bus Res,59(8) ,877–86.
Esch FR, Langner T, Schmitt B, Geus P.(2006) Are brands forever? How knowledge and relationships affect current and future purchases. J Prod Brand Manag ,15(2), 98–105.
Finn A., Wang L., Frank T. (2009), Attribute perceptions, customer satisfaction and intention to recommend e-services, Journal of Interactive Marketing 23 (3), 209–220.
Faircloth, J.B., Capella, L.M., &; Alford, B.L.(2001).The effect of brand attitude and brand image on brand equity. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9(3),61–75.
Fiotre, A. M., &; Kimle, P. A.(1997).Understanding aesthetics for the merchandising and design professional. New York: Fairchild.
Flavian C, Guinaliu M, Gurrea R.(2006)The role played by perceived usability, satisfaction and consumer trust on website loyalty. Inf Manag ,43(1) ,1–14.
Fournier S.(1998) Consumers and their brands: developing relationship theory in consumer research. J Consum Res ,24(4) ,343–73.
Fornell, c., and Larcker, D.F. (1981), “Evaluating structural equation models with
unobservable variables and measurement error”, 18(1), 39-50.
Fornell, C.A. (1982), A Second Generation of Multivariate Analysis, volume 1:
Methods. New York: Praeger Special Studies.
Garbarino &; Johnson S.Mark, (1999), “The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships”, Journal of Marketing 63 ,70-87.
Ha H-Y, Perks H.(2005) Effects of consumer perceptions of brand experience on the web: brand familiarity, satisfaction and brand trust. J Consum Behav ,4(6) ,438–52.
Helm C. (2007) From tech-led to brand-led—has the internet portal business grown up? J Brand Manag ,14(5),368–79.
Hernandez B, Jimenez J, Martin MJ.(2009) Adoption vs acceptance of e-commerce: two different decisions. Eur J Mark ,43(9/10) ,1232–45.
Holbrook, Morris B.(2001), “On the Conceptual Link Between Mass Customization and Experiential Consumption; an Explosion of Subjectivity”, Journal of Consumer Behavior, 1 (1), 50-66.
Hu, L., and Bentler, P.M. (1999). “Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance
structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives”, Structural
Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Hair, J.T., Anderson R.E., Tatham, R.L., and Black, W.C. (1992). Multivariate Data
Analysis with Readings, 3d ed. New York: Macmillan.
Jacoby, J.,&; Chestnut, R. W. (1978). Brand Loyalty: Measurement and Management. NY: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Janda S, Ybarra A.(2006) Do product and consumer characteristics affect the relationship between online experience and customer satisfaction? J Internet Commer ,4(4),133–51.
Keller PA, McGill AL.(1994) Differences in the relative influence of product attributes under alternative processing conditions: attribute importance versus attribute ease of imagability. J Consum Psychol ,3(1),29–49
Keller, K.L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22.
Kim HR.(2005) Developing an index of online customer satisfaction. J Financial Serv Mark ,10(1) ,49–64.
Kim Shyan Fama, Thomas Foschtb, Regan David Collins.(2004) Trust and the online relationship—an exploratory study from New Zealand. Tourism Management 25,195–207.
Kivetz, R., &; Itamar, S. (2002). Self-control for the righteous: Toward a theory of precommitment to indulgence. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(2),199–217.
Kollmann T, Suckow C.(2008) Sustaining the brand idea in electronic environments. Int J Bus Environ ,2(2) ,153–67.
Kotler, P., &; Armstrong, G.(1996).Principles of marketing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Koufaris M.(2002) Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Inf Syst Res ,13(2) ,205–23.
Lettice Fiona &; Thomond Pete (2003) Disruptive Innovation: The Challenges for Managing Knowledge,3 KnowledgeBoard.
Lee, Seunghyun, Ha, Sejin, &; Widdows, Richard. (2011). Consumer responses to high-technology products: Product attributes, cognition, and emotions. Journal of Business Research, 64(11), 1195-1200.
Lin A, Gregor S, Ewing M. Developing a scale to measure the enjoyment of Web experiences. J Interact Mark 2008,22(4),40–57.
Lin H.-H., Wang Y.-S. (2006) An examination of the determinants of customer loyalty in mobile commerce contexts, Information &; Management, 43 (3) ,271–282.
Matzlera, K.,Pichlera, E., Fullera, J., &; Mooradianb, T. A. (2011). Personality, person–brand fit, and brand community: An investigation of individuals, brands, and brand communities. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(9/10) ,874–890.
Meyer C, Schwager A.(2007) Understanding customer experience. Harv Bus Rev 85(6), 116–26.
Meyers-Levy J,Tybout AM.(1989) Schema congruity as a basis for product evaluation. JConsum Res,16(1),39–54.
Mollen A, Wilson H. (2010) Engagement, telepresence and interactivity in online consumer experience: reconciling scholastic and managerial perspectives. J Bus Res 63 (9/10),919–25.
Morgan M.Robert &; Hunt D. Shelby, (1994), “The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationships Marketing”, Journal of Marketing, 58,20-38.
Muyelle S., Moenaert R., Despontin M. (2004) The conceptualization and empirical validation of web site user satisfaction, Information &; Management,41(5), 543–560.
Novak TP, Hoffman DL, Yiu-Fai Y.(2000) Measuring the customer experience in online environments: a structural modeling approach. Mark Sci ,19(1) ,22–43.
Nunnally, J. B. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nysveen Hr, Pedersen PE.(2004) An exploratory study of customers'' perception of company web sites offering various interactive applications: moderating effects of customers'' Internet experience. Decis Support Syst ,37(1) ,137.
Okada, E. M. (2005). Justification effects on consumer choice of hedonic and utilitarian goods. Journal of Marketing Research, 42(1), 43–53.
O''Laughlin D, Szmigin I, Turnbull P.(2004) From relationships to experiences in retail financial services. Int J Bank Mark ,22(7) ,522–40.
Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(4) ,33–44
Oliver, Richard L.,(1980), “A Cognitive Model of The Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions.”, Journal of Marketing Research ,17(4), 460-469.
Palvia P.(2009) The role of trust in e-commerce relational exchange: a unified model. Inf Manag ,46(4) ,213–20.
Parasuraman A, Zeithaml VA, Malhotra A.(2005) E-S-QUAL: a multiple-item scale for assessing electronic service quality. J Serv Res ,7(3) ,213–33.
Pawle J, Cooper P.(2006)Measuring emotion — lovemarks, the future beyond brands. J Advert Res ,46(1) ,38–48.
Petre M, Minocha S, Roberts D.(2006) Usability beyond the website: an empirically-grounded e-commerce evaluation instrument for the total customer experience. Behav Inf Technol ,25(2),189–203.
Reichheld FF, Schefter P.(2000) E-Loyalty: your secret weapon on the web. Harvard Business Review ,105–13
Reichheld, F. F., Markey, R. G. J.,&; Hopton, C. (2000). The loyalty effect —The relationship between loyalty and profits. European Business Journal, 12(3) ,134– 139.
Rindova VP, Petkova AP.(2007) Technological change, product form design, and perceptions of value. Org Sci, 18(2) ,217–32
Romaniuk, J. &; Sharp, B.(2003). Measuring brand perceptions: Testing quantity and quality. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing,11(3) ,218–229.
Rose S, Hair N, Clark M.(2011) Online customer experience: a review of the business-to consumer online purchase context. International Journal of Management Reviews,13(1),24–39.
Rowley J.(2004) Online branding. Online Inf Rev ,28(2),131–8.
Sheng Margaret L. &; Teo Thompson S.H. (2012) Product attributes and brand equity in the mobile domain: The mediating role of customer experience International Journal of Information Management 32, 139–146.
Sirdeshmukh D, Singh J, Sabol B.(2002) Consumer trust and loyalty in relational exchanges. Journal of Marketing( 66) ,15–37.
Song P, Zhang C, Xu Y, Huang L.(2010) Brand extension of online technology products: evidence from search engine to virtual communities and online news. Decis Support Syst ,49(1),91–9
Spangenberg Voss, K. E., , E. R., &; Grohmann, B. (2003).Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of consumer attitude. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(3), 310–320.
Strahilevitz, M., &; John, M. G.(1998). Donations to charity as purchase incentives: How well they work may depend on what you are trying to sell. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 434–446.
Simmons G. Marketing to postmodern consumers: introducing the internet chameleon. Eur J Mark (2008),42(3/4),299–310.
Scott, J. (1994) “The measurement of information systems effectiveness: evaluating a
measuring instrument”, Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on
Information Systems, Vancouver, BC, 111-128.
Thomas M. A., Veloutsou Cleopatra ,(2011). Beyond technology acceptance: Brand relationships and online brand experience. Journal of Business Research xxx, xxx–xxx.
Thomson M, MacInnis DJ, Park CW.(2005) The ties that bind: measuring the strength of consumers'' emotional attachments to Brands. J Consum Psychol (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates) ,15(1) ,77–91.
Veloutsou C, Moutinho L.(2009) Brand relationships through brand reputation and brand tribalism. J Bus Res 62(3) ,314–22.
Veloutsou C. (2007) Identifying the dimensions of the product-brand and consumer relationship. J Mark Manag ,23(1/2) ,7–26.
Venkatesh V, Davis FD.(2000) A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: four longitudinal field studies. Manag Sci ,46(2) ,186–205.
Verhagen Tibert, Feldberg Frans, Bart van den Hooff , Selmar Meents , Jani Merikivi (2011)Satisfaction with virtual worlds: An integrated model of experiential value .Information &; Management ,48, 201–207.
Vorderer, P., Hartmann, T., &; Klimmt, C. (2003).Explaining the enjoyment of playing video games: The role of competition. In D. Marinelli (Ed.),Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on entertainment computing ,1–8.
Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., &; Ritterfeld, U. (2004).Enjoyment: At the heart of media entertainment. Communication Theory, 14(4) ,388–408.
Wakefield, R. L., &; Whitten, D.(2006). Mobile computing: A user study on hedonic/ utilitarian mobile device usage. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(4), 292–300.
Wang Y.-S., Liao Y.-W.,(2007)The conceptualization and measurement of m-commerce user satisfaction, Computers in Human Behavior, 23 (1), 381–398.
Wolf, M. J.(1999).The entertainment economy, the mega-media forces that are reshaping our lives. London: Penguin Books.
Wu D, Gautam R, Geng X, Whinston A. (2004) Implications of reduced search cost and free riding in E-commerce. Mark Sci, 23(2),255–62.
Zarantenello, Lia and Schmitt, Bernd H., (2000), "Using the Brand Experience Scale to Profile Consumers and Predict Consumer Behavior”, Brand Management,17(7),532-540.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top