臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目 錄
指導教授推薦書 i
論文口試委員審定書 ii
中文摘要 iii
Abstract iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與背景 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 加班 4
一、加班的定義 4
二、加班研究的發展 4
第二節 個人-工作契合度 5
第三節 工作要求 6
第四節 工作績效 7
第五節 心力交瘁 8
第六節 各變項之關係 9
一、個人－工作契合度、工作績效、心力交瘁之關係 9
二、工作要求、工作績效與心力交瘁之關係 10
三、加班意願與工作績效、心力交瘁之關係 11
第三章 研究方法 13
第一節 研究架構與研究假設 13
一、研究架構 13
二、研究假設 13
第二節 研究對象資料 14
第三節 研究程序 14
第四節 變項測量 15
一、加班情形 15
二、個人－工作契合度 16
三、工作要求 16
四、工作績效 17
五、心力交瘁 17
六、個人基本資料 18
第五節 分析方法 19
一、敘述性統計 19
二、信度分析 19
三、探索性因素分析(Exploratory factor analysis; EFA) 19
四、相關性分析 20
五、階層迴歸分析(Hierarchical regression analysis) 20
六、干擾變項 20
第四章 研究結果 21
第一節 樣本特性 21
一、樣本結構 21
二、研究工具之信度與效度 23
第二節 相關分析 26
第三節 迴歸分析 27
一、迴歸結果分析 27
二、複迴歸分析顯著性檢定 28
三、加班自願性的干擾效果 30
第五章 結論與建議 35
第一節 研究結論與討論 35
一、個人－工作契合度對工作績效具有正向關係 36
二、個人－工作契合度對心力交瘁具有負向關係 36
三、工作要求與心力交瘁具有正向關係 36
四、工作績效與心力交瘁具有負向關係 36
五、個人－工作契合度與工作績效之關係會因員工自願加班與否而有顯著性差異，非自願加班員工的個人－工作契合度與工作績效之正向關係會比較顯著 37
六、個人－工作契合度與心力交瘁之關係會因員工自願加班與否而有顯著性差異，非自願加班員工的個人－工作契合度與心力交瘁之負向關係會比較顯著 37
七、工作要求與心力交瘁之關係會因員工自願加班與否而有顯著性差異，非自願加班員工的工作要求與心力交瘁之正向關係會比較顯著 38
第二節 理論貢獻與管理意涵 38
一、增進個人－工作契合度以增進工作績效降低心力交瘁 38
二、降低工作要求及改善加班情況以降低心力交瘁 39
第三節 研究限制與建議 39
一、樣本侷限性 39
二、共同方法變異 39
三、加班行為 40
參考文獻 41

圖 目 錄
圖一、研究架構 13
圖二、加班意願對個人-工作契合度及工作績效之干擾效果 32
圖三、加班意願對個人-工作契合度及心力交瘁之干擾效果 32
圖四、加班意願對工作要求及心力交瘁之干擾效果 33

表 目 錄
表4-1 有效主管樣本敘述性統計（共計22人） 22
表4-2 有效員工樣本敘述性統計（共計141人） 22
表4-3 變項信度分析 23
表4-4 個人-工作契合度因素分析表 24
表4-5 工作要求因素分析表 24
表4-6 心力交瘁構面因素分析表 25
表4-7 工作績效因素分析表 25
表4-8 變數之相關分析表 27
表4-9 迴歸結果分析表 29
表4-9a 加班自願性、個人-工作契合度對工作績效變異數分析表 29
表4-9b 加班自願性、個人-工作契合度對心力交瘁變異數分析表 29
表4-9c 加班自願性、工作要求對心力交瘁變異數分析表 30
表4-10 單因子共變數分析摘要表 30
表4-11 個人-工作契合度及工作要求對工作績效之迴歸分析摘要表 33
表4-12 個人-工作契合度及工作要求對心力交瘁之迴歸分析摘要表 34
表5-1 研究假說與分析結果 35

中文文獻
吳明隆，涂金堂(2005)。SPSS 與統計應用分析，台北市：五南出版社。
吳明隆，(2006)。SPSS 統計應用學習實務：問卷分析與應用統計，台北市：知城數位科技。
楊世瑩(2011)。SPSS統計分析實務，台北：旗標出版股份有限公司。
黃正雄 (2006)。工作力承諾模式之研究成果報告。長庚醫院專案計畫成果報告。長庚大學企業管理研究所。
黃志良、黃家齊、溫金豐、廖文志、韓志翔(2007)。人力資源管理-理論與實務，台北：華泰文化。
莊瑷嘉、林慧宴(2005)。個人與環境適配對工作態度與行為之影響。臺灣管理學刊，5(1) ，123-148。
郭修旭(1982)。電信話務人員心理變數與工作壓迫感及服務績效之實證研究，交大管理科學研究所碩士論文。
網路資料
行 政 院 勞 委 會 (2001) 。依勞動基準法中新工時制度規定。2013年取自http://www.cla.gov.tw/
行政院主計處網站(2013)。http:// www.dgbas.gov.tw/
瑞士洛桑管理學院網站(IMD)(2013)http://www.imd.org/
英文文獻
Armstrong, M and Baron, A. (1998). Performance Management, London: IPD House.
Baird, L. S., &; Beccia, P. J. (1980). The potential misuse of overtime. Personnel Psychology, 33, 557-565.
Barnett, R. C., Gareis, K. C., &; Brennan, R. T.(1999). Fit as a mediator of the relationship between work hours and burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 307- 317.
Beckers D.G., van der Linden, D., Smulders, P.G., Kompier, M.A., van Veldhoven, M.J., &; van Yperen, N.W.(2004). Working overtime hours: Relations with Fatigue, work motivation, and the quality of work.Amercan college of occupational and environmental medicine, 12(46), 1282-1289.
Borg, V., &; Kristensen, T. S.(1999)Psychosocial work environment and mental health among travelling salespeople. Work and Stress, 13, 132-143.
Borman, W.C., Motowidlo, S.J., 1993. Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. In: Schmitt, N., Borman,W.C. (Eds.), Personnel Selection in Organizations. Jossey-Bass, New York, 71–98.
Cable, D. M., &; Judge, T. A. (1996). Person-organization fit, job choice decision, and organizational entry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67(3), 294-311.
Cable, D. M., &; DeRue, D. S. (2002). The convergent and discriminant validity of subjective fit perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), 875-884.
Callan, V.J., 1993. Individual and organization strategies for coping with organization change. Work and Stress: An Intemational Joumal of Wrok, Health &; organisations, 7(1), 63-75
Campbell, J. P. (1990). Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnette &; L. M. Hough(Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology(2nd ed.), (l), 687-732.
Chan, C. J., &;Margolin, G. (1994)The relationship between dual-earner couples’daily workmood and home affect. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 573-586.
Edwards, J. R. (1991). Person-Job Fit: A Conceptual Integration, Literature Review, and Methodlogical Critique. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 6, 283-357.
Frank, M.J., Seeberger, L. &; O'Reilly, R.C. (2004). By carrot or by stick: Cognitive reinforcement learning in Parkinsonism. Science, 306, 1940-1943.
Fenwick R., Tausig M. (1994) The Macroeconomic context of job stress. Journal of Health and Social behavior, 35, 266-282.
Fox, M. L., Dwyer, D. J., &; Ganster, D. C. 1993. Effects of stressful job demands and control on physiological and attitudinal outcomes in a hospital setting. Academy of Management Journal, 36(2): 289-318.
Freudenberger, H. J.(1974).Staff Burnout. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159-165.
Gil-Monte, Peiro, P J.(1997), Psychic Fatigue at work：The Syndrome of Burning Out, 1st ed. Editorial Sintesis, Madrid, 13-120.
Gil-Monte, P. R.(2002), Factorial validity of the Spanish adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Salud publica de Mexico. 44(1), 33-40.
Grzywacz, J. G., &; Marks, N.(2000). Reconceptualising the work-family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 111-126.
Härmä, M.(2006).Workhours in relation to work stress, recovery and health.Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment &; Health, 32(special issue),502-514.
Harrington, J. M. (1994).Working long hours and health. British Medical Journal, 308, 1581-1582.
Huber, G.P., (1981). The nature of organizational decision-making and the design of decision support system. MIS Quarterly, 5(2), 1-10.
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An Index of Factorial Simplicity. Psychometrics,39 (1), 31 -36.
Karasek, R. A. 1979. Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285-308.
Kavanagh, J. S. (1995). Therapeutic landscapes: gardens for Horticultural therapy coming of age. Hort Technology, 5(2), 104-107.
Kristof-Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D., &; Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of individuals' fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281-342.
Lauver, K. J., &; Kristof-Brown, A. L. (2001). Distinguishing between employees’ perceptions of person-job and person-organization fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 454-470.
Leiter, M. P., Maslach, C.(2001),Burnout and health. Handbook of Health Psychology, Lawrence Erlbaum, London, 415-426.
Lu, L., Siu, O. L., &; Lu, C. Q. (2010). Does loyalty protect Chinese workers from stress? The role of affective organizational commitment in the Greater China region. Stress and Health, 26, 161-168.
Maslach, C., &; Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 9, 99-113.
Maslach, C. (1982). Understandinb Burnout: Definitional Issues in Analyzing a Complex Phenomenon. In Job Stress and Burnout: Ressearch, Theory, and Intervention Perspectives, Ed. Whiton Steward Pine. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Maslach, C., &; Jackson, S. E. (1984). Patterns of burnout among a national sample of public contact workers. Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E. &; Leiter, M. P.(1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory:Manual, third edition., Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Maslach, C. &; S.E. Jackson.(1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory: Second Edition., Palo Alto, Calif.: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C. &; Leiter, M. P. (1997). The truth about burnout. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Maslach, C., &; Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 7, 63–74.
Meglino, B.M.,(1977). Stress and performance: are they always incompatible? Supervisory Management, 22(3), 2-12.
O’Reilly, Charles A., III. (1977). Personality Job Fit – Implications for Individual Attitudes and Performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 18(1), 36.
O’Reilly, C. A. III, Chatman, J., &; Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516.
Podsakoff, P.M.,&; Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(2), 531-544.
Pine, D. S., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G. &; Brook, J. S. (2002). Adolescent life events as predictors of adult depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 68, 49–57.
Repetti, R. L. (1993). Short-term events of occupational stressors on daily mood and health complaints. Health Psychology, 12, 125- 131.
Rindfleisch, A., Malter, A. J., Ganesan, S., Moorman, C. (2008). Cross-sectional versus longitudinal survey research: concepts, findings and guidelines. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(3), 261-279.
Rosa, R. R. (1995)Extended work shifts and excessive fatigue. Journal of Sleep Research, 4(2), 51- 56.
Schermerhorn, J.R. (1999). Experience in management and organizational behavior, The Academy of Management Reviews, 1, 138-142.
Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., Maslach, C., &; Jackson, S. E. (1996). The Maslach Burnout Inventory—General Survey. In C. Maslach, S. E. Jackson, &; M. P. Leiter (Ed.), MBI manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzales-Roma, V., Bakker, A. B.(2002), The measurement of engagement and burnout： a two sample confirmatory analytic approach. Jurnal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92.
Sparks, K., Cooper, C., Fried, Y. &; Shirom, A. (1997). The effects of hours of work on health: A meta analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 391-408.
Spurgeon, A., Harrington, J.M.&; Cooper, C.L. (1997). Health and safety problems associated with long working hours: a review of the current position. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54, 367-375.
Van der Hulst, M.&; Geurt, S. (2001). Associations between overtime and　psychological health in high and low reward jobs. Work &; Stress, 15(3), 227-24.
Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., &; Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82-111.
Wilk, S.L., &; Sackett, P.R. (1996). Longitudinal analysis of ability-job complexity fit and job change. Personnel Psychology, 49, 937–967