臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

音樂內涵分析(content-based music analysis)是近年來在多媒體訊號處理與音樂理論兩個領域中重要的研究議題。隨著電腦音樂內涵分析技術的進步，使得傳統上必須透過人工方式進行的音樂表現分析，逐漸轉變為可以使用電腦來協助進行大規模的自動化音樂表現比較與分析。音樂表現分析研究的核心是探討演奏家如何將音樂作品中的情感傳達給聆聽者，而音樂表現之體現的主要方式是力度(dynamics)和速度。雖然目前已經有不少音樂內涵分析的相關論文，但是力度表現的分析方法卻鮮少有研究探討。本文提出一種自動化樂音響度等化與力度表現轉換與分析方法，此方法可以針對某一演奏家的演奏作品訓練樣本建立其力度表現側寫，再透過此表現側寫，可以將一首演奏作品的錄音檔，自動計算出每個音的表現力度強弱，提供做為進一步大規模不同演奏作品的表現比較分析之用。

Content-based Music Analysis is the important research discussion in recent years. The core of the research of music expression analysis is discussed how performers communicate the emotion in music to listeners. The main ways to represent music expression are dynamics and tempo. We introduce a new technology to automatic equalization of loudness of music tones and the analysis of music dynamics, which can buit the music dynamics profile of any performer. Through the music expression profile, the system can automatic calculate the music dynamics of every tone in record.

1. 緒論 ....................................................................................................................... 1
2. 相關研究 ............................................................................................................... 3
2.1. 起音點偵測之相關研究 ........................................................................... 3
2.2. 音樂表現分析之相關研究 ....................................................................... 5
2.3. 響度計算之相關研究 ............................................................................... 9
2.4. 等響度曲線之相關研究 ......................................................................... 11
2.5. 力度模型之相關研究 ............................................................................. 15
3. 響度與力度的涵義 ............................................................................................. 17
3.1. 聲音強度的定義與涵義 ......................................................................... 17
3.2. 響度的定義與涵義 ................................................................................. 21
3.3. 力度的定義與涵義 ................................................................................. 23
4. 音樂演奏力度表現比較分析系統架構 ............................................................. 25
5. 力度表現分析方法 ............................................................................................. 27
6. 實驗 ..................................................................................................................... 33
6.1. 實驗一：RWC樂器資料庫中不同樂器之等響度曲線量測 ............... 33
6.2. 實驗二：真實演奏的力度側寫 ............................................................. 46
7. 結論 ..................................................................................................................... 56
參考文獻 ..................................................................................................................... 57
附錄A. 實驗樣本資訊 ......................................................................................... 65
附錄B. 新葛羅夫音樂辭典有關力度的定義之原文 ......................................... 87
附錄C. Zwicker與Moore之穩態聲音的響度計算方法 .................................. 91
附錄D. Zwicker與Moore之隨時間變化的聲音響度計算方法 ...................... 97
附錄E. 本論文之純音響度實驗數據 ............................................................... 100

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