本研究旨在探討「醫療院所候診空間之正向益處設計元素」，並以視覺意象進行實證研究，透過蒐集資料整理出相關的正向益處設計元素，並以問卷調查的方式蒐集數據，以探討將具正向益處之設計元素運用於候診空間與使用者視覺意象（visual image）之相關性。本研究透過文獻回顧與空間設計相關之正向益處理論並蒐集相關設計元素，理論包括親生命理論、注意力恢復理論以及心理演化論。將蒐集之資料加以彙整為各個題項，並透過專家訪談方式進行修改，正式問卷則做為本研究之研究工具。本研究以一般民眾作為問卷調查之對象，透過簡單隨機抽樣法進行取樣。本研究共回收有效問卷328份並進行統計分析，首先運用次數分配及描述性統計分析數據，包括人口變項以及各部分的平均數值。而後，經主成分析後共獲得因素七項，在以焦點團體法邀請專家解讀因素屬性與特徵，並加以命名。因素分析所萃取之七項因素，最後再進行差異分析。本研究獲得以下之結論：（一）在因素分析中分別萃取出：因素一「室內植栽」、因素二「自然採光」、因素三「色彩運用」、因素四「自然景觀」、因素五「居家感受」、因素六「感知陽光」以及因素七「自然裝飾」，結果顯示候診空間使用者偏好與自然有關之視覺意象。（二）在正向益處設計元素之視覺意象差異上，不同性別在因素二有顯著差異，而不同之職業類別在因素二、三、五則有差異存在；（三）變異數分析雖在就醫頻率與因素三存在著群組間的差異，但就整個差異分析結果而言，群組間之差異並不顯著。正如上述理論所提及，自然在人類的生活環境中佔據著不可或缺的角色，無論在視覺意象或實質益處上，醫療候診空間是一個普遍但不受到重視的空間，但依然需要室內設計師的精心規劃，擁有自然主題的設計元素能提供使用者生理、心裡之正向益處，亦提升候診空間之整體評價。

The research aims to explore the positive benefits elements for interior design of waiting area in hospital and give an example by the effects of visual image. At the first, the researcher collected information about the positive benefits, summarized them into some variables and collects the data by survey. The aim is to investigate the correlation between the positive benefits using in waiting area and users’ visual image. The researcher reviewed some theories such as Biophilic theory, attention restoration theory, psycho-evolutionary theory and evidence-based design (EBD). These questions, which derived from the collected information and modified by expert meeting, are gathered for the formal poll. The participants for this research are people in general sampled randomly. Analysis is conducted on a total number of 328 valid surveys. Firstly, the population and each item are analysed by frequency distribution and descriptive statistics. Secondly, seven factors are selected from factors analysis, followed by focus group interpretation of each factor. Variance analysis is conducted after each factor is named according to its attribute and characteristics. There are conclusions of this research. (1) Seven factors are selected after factor analysis with valid samples. They are Factor I: interior plants, Factor II: day lighting, Factor III: utilization of color, Factor IV: natural view, Factor V: home style, Factor VI: perception of sunlight and Factor VII: natural decoration. The evidence indicates that people prefer to visual image relative to nature. (2) In terms of the positive benefits of visual image for interior design, genders could lead to significance on Factor II. In the meantime, different careers contribute significance on Factor II, III and VI. (3) Although there is certain different on Factor III, the variance among each factor is not significant generally. In addition to these conclusions, nature pays an important role on human’s daily environment. No matters it is for visual image or physical benefits. Waiting area in hospitals is a common but unvalued space, but an interior designer still need to plan carefully. A space, with designed elements of natural theme, provides positive physical and psychological benefits for users and promotes the evaluation by the users.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與限制 5
第三節 研究流程 8
第四節 研究對象與名詞解釋 10
第二章 相關研究與文獻回顧 15
第一節 醫療環境與候診空間 15
2-1-1 醫療環境的更新 15
2-1-2 醫療院所之候診空間 17
2-1-3 壓力與健康 19
2-1-4 疼痛的機制 22
2-1-5 小結 24
第二節 正向益處相關理論探討 25
2-2-1 親生命理論 25
2-2-2 注意力恢復理論與恢復性環境 28
2-2-3 心理演化理論 31
2-2-4 療癒環境與實證設計 34
2-2-5 小結 38
第三節 正向益處相關研究與實證結果 39
2-3-1 室內自然採光 39
2-3-2 室內開窗 42
2-3-3 室內色彩 45
2-3-4 室內植栽 50
2-3-5 室內空間家具與配置 52
2-3-6 藝術品、裝飾物、海報 57
2-3-7 本節小結 61
第三章 研究設計與方法 68
第一節 研究工具 68
第二節 研究對象 70
第三節 研究方法與流程 71
第四節 研究實施 74
第五節 研究資料分析方法 74
第四章 資料分析與討論 79
第一節 次數分配及描述性統計 79
4-1-1 個人屬性分布狀況 79
4-1-2 描述性統計 82
第二節 信度分析 88
第三節 探索性因素分析 89
第四節 各因素屬性命名 91
第五節 差異檢定 96
第六節 變異數分析(ANONA) 97
第五章 結論與建議 104
第一節 結論 104
第二節 建議 109
第三節 後續研究建議 110
參考文獻 112
附件 125

表目錄
表1 研究計畫流程表 8
表2 支持主張與自然接觸可促進健康與福祉之實證摘要 26
表3 Kaplan &; Kaplan與Ulrich之理論異同比較表 33
表4 色彩運用於室內空間中之生心理效益 48
表5自然採光之摘要與變項 62
表6室內開窗之摘要與變項 63
表7室內色彩之摘要與變項 64
表8室內植栽之摘要與變項 65
表9室內空間之家具與配置之摘要與變項 66
表10 藝術品、裝飾品、海報之摘要與變項 67
表11 Cronbach's α係數參考值 75
表12 KMO信度系數判讀方法 77
表13 SPSS分析方法 78
表14人口變項統計表 81
表15 第三部分 自然採光描述性統計結果摘要 82
表16 第四部分 開窗描述性統計結果摘要 83
表17 第五部分 室內色彩描述性統計結果摘要 84
表18 第六部分 室內植栽描述性統計結果摘要 85
表19 第七部分 室內空間家具與配置描述性統計結果摘要 86
表20 第八部分 藝術品、裝飾品、海報描述性統計結果摘要 87
表21 醫療院所候診室之正向益處設計元素描述性統計結果-各部分 88
表22 「醫療院所候診室之正向益處設計元素」-探索性因素分析 90
表23 因素命名之內涵表 91
表24 醫療院所候診室之正向益處設計元素描述性統計結果摘要-各題 94
表25 醫療院所候診室之正向益處設計元素描述性統計結果摘要-各因素 95
表26 性別t檢定結果摘要 96
表27 職業類別t檢定結果摘要 97
表28 年齡與正向設計因素之單因子變異數分析表 98
表29 年齡對因素七「自然裝飾」之Scheffe分析表 98
表30 就醫頻率與正向設計因素之單因子變異數分析表 99
表31 就醫頻率對因素三「色彩運用」之Scheffe分析表 100
表32 就醫頻率對因素五「居家感受」之Scheffe分析表 101
表33 就醫滿意度與各因素之單因子變異數分析表 102
表34 候診空間滿意度對因素五（居家感受）之Scheffe分析表 102

圖目錄

圖1典型空間氣泡圖 54
圖2卵形空間氣泡圖 55
圖3醫療院所候診空間之正向益處設計元素研究 73

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