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研究生:郭仁心
研究生(外文):Ren-Sin Guo
論文名稱:商業口碑承諾效果之研究-以獎勵與標註為例
論文名稱(外文):Role of commercial word of-mouth in the formation of affective commitment: Reward size and tag effects.
指導教授:方正璽方正璽引用關係
指導教授(外文):Cheng-Hsi Fang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:健行科技大學
系所名稱:國際企業管理研究所
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:企業管理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2014
畢業學年度:102
語文別:中文
論文頁數:42
中文關鍵詞:顧客獎勵方案態度忠誠臉書正增強自我知覺理論
外文關鍵詞:Customer referral programAffective commitmentFacebookPositive reinforcementSelf-perception theory
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過去研究指出,當消費者向他人推薦產品時,除了影響被推薦者之外,也會同時對自己的言論產生承諾的效果。隨著社群媒體興起,近年來許多企業都透過Facebook請求消費者推薦產品。雖然顧客推薦方案是企業經常使用的一種促銷工具,但關於消費者在社群媒體中接受企業獎勵,其承諾形成的機制則未曾討論。本研究採用3×2的實驗設計實驗證獎勵與標註對消費者態度忠誠的影響效果。本研究以餐廳為例,共發放153份問卷。研究結果顯示,在未標註被推薦者姓名時,以正向增強理論對消費者態度忠誠的形成機制,解釋能力最佳,表示獎勵金額愈大,則口碑散佈者的態度忠誠愈高。但在標註被推薦者姓名時,若獎勵金額太小,推薦者會形成認知失調,進而調高對產品的態度忠誠。

The past research indicates that when consumers recommend products to others, in addition to affecting presentee, at the same time own words have an effect commitment. In recent years, with the development of social media, many companies have requested the consumer via Facebook Recommended Products. Although customer referral programs are popular promotional tool for businesses. but about the consumer acceptance of social media in business reward, the mechanism of the formation of its commitment not discussed. This study, the experimental design 3 × 2 validation of awards and tag on consumer attitudes loyalty effect. This study chose restaurant for example, total of 153 questionnaires were distributed data. The results showed that when untag presentee''s name use positive reinforcement theory of the effect on consumer loyalty attitudes to explain the best, representation the larger the amount of reward, word of mouth spread the attitude of loyalty is higher, but tag presentee''s name, if the award amount is too small, it is recommended by the formation of cognitive dissonance, and increase product attitude loyal.

摘  要 i
Abstract ii
誌  謝 iii
目  錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究問題與目的 2
1.3研究流程圖 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1口碑行銷(Word-of-Mouth Marketing) 4
2.1.1口碑的定義(Word-of-Mouth,WOM) 4
2.1.2網路口碑(electronic Word-of-mouth,eWOM) 5
2.1.4顧客推薦方案(customer referral program) 6
2.2口碑對推薦者本身之影響 7
2.2.1認知失調理論(cognitive-dissonance theory) 8
2.2.2自我知覺理論(Self-Perception Theory) 9
2.2.3正增強(positive reinforcement) 10
2.3態度忠誠(attitudinal loyalty) 10
2.4臉書(Facebook) 11
第三章 研究方法 12
3.1研究假說推導 12
3.2實驗設計與施測程序 15
3.3衡量變數 17
3.4前測:選擇獎勵大小 18
3.5前測:信度分析 19
3.6資料分析方法 19
第四章 實證統計分析 20
4.1分析結果 20
4.1.1敘述性統計 20
4.1.2信度分析 21
4.1.3 ANOVA分析 22
4.1.4 假設一之驗證 23
4.1.5假設二之驗證 26
4.2假設檢定總表 28
第五章 結論與建議 29
5.1研究結論 29
5.2管理意涵 29
5.3研究限制 30
5.4未來研究方向 31
參考文獻 32
附錄一 實驗情境 36
附錄二 前測問卷 37
附錄三 正式問卷 38
簡 歷 41

參考文獻
一、中文部分

(1)于春玲、王霞、包乎和,「奖励推荐计划口碑对接收者的影响」,南开管理评论,第4期,14卷,59~68頁,民國一百年。
(2)王晓玉,「奖励推荐计画对消费者推荐意愿的影响」,当代经济管理,第3期,32卷,32~37頁,民國九十九年。
(3)白志瑋,「顧客推薦方案對口碑行為動機、顧客忠誠度與推薦意願之影響」,國立台灣科技大學,碩士論文,民國九十三年。
(4)林博涵,「到底讚不讚:Facebook使用者按「讚」心理歷程之探討」,世新大學,碩士論文,民國一百零三年。
(5)曾義明 、廖本哲、簡詠喜,「產品價值、品牌信任、品牌情感與品牌忠誠度關係之研究」,企業管理學報,第61期,39~50頁,民國 九十三年六月。
(6)葉盈佑,「打卡的網路口碑傳播效果對消費者購買決策影響之研究─臺灣夜市為例」,高雄餐旅大學,碩士論文,民國一百零二年。
(7)黎士鳴、陳秋榛,心理學概論,麥格羅希爾國際出版,臺北市,民國一百零一年。
(8)欒斌、陳苡任 ,2013 網路行銷—理論、實務與CEO證照,滄海出版社,臺中市,民國一百零一年。

二、英文部分

(1)Ariely, D., & Norton, M. I.,“ How actions create--not just reveal--preferences”, Trends Cogn Sci, 12(1), pp.13-16, 2008.
(2)Arndt, Johan,”Word of Mouth Advertising: A Review of the Literature”,Advetising Research Federation,New York,1967a.
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(4)Bem, D. J. ,“Self-Perception Theory.” , In L. Berkowitz (Ed.) ,Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic Press 6, pp.1-62..1972.
(5)Chen, Yuxin and Mengze Shi,“The Design and Implications of Customer Recommendation Programs,” Working Paper, pp.1-33, 2001 .
(6)Cialdini,R. B.,Influence: Science and Practice,4th ed.,Allyn & Bacon,2001.
(7)Dick, A. S. & Basu, K.,“ Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. ”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), pp. 99-113, 1994.
(8)Festinger , L. A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press,1957.
(9)Festinger, L. & Carlsmith, J. M.,“Cognitive consequences of forced compliance”,Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,58, pp.203-211,1959.
(10)Garnefeld, I., Eggert, A., Helm, S. V., & Tax, S. S.,“Growing Existing Customers'' Revenue Streams Through Customer Referral Programs”. Journal of Marketing, 77(4),pp.17-32.2013.
(11)Garnefeld, I., Helm, S., & Eggert, A.,“Walk Your Talk: An Experimental Investigation of the Relationship Between Word of Mouth and Communicators’ Loyalty.” Journal of Service Research, 14(1),pp. 93-107. 2011.
(12)Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., and Gremler, D. D.,“Electronic word-of-mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: what motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the internet,” Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), pp.38-53. 2004
(13)Hennig-Thurau,T., Gwinner ,k.P., Walsk,G. & Gremler, D.D. , “Electronic word of mouth Via Consumer-opinion Platfroms:What Motivates Consummer to Articulate Themselves on The Internet? ”Jounal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1),pp. 38-52, 2004
(14)Herr, P., Kardes, F., and Kim, J.,“Effect of Word-of-Mouth and Product-Attribute Information on Persuasion: An Accessibility-Diagonstic Perspective”,Journal of Consumer Research17(4), pp. 454-462, 1991.
(15)Hoffman, Donna L. and Thomas P. Novak,“Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-Mediated Environments: Conceptual Foundations,” Journal of Marketing, 60 (July) ,pp.50-68, 1996.
(16)Hogan J, Lemon K, Libai B. ,“Quantifying the Ripple: Word-of-Mouth and Advertising Effectiveness. ”Journal of Advertising Research ,44(3),pp.271-280.2004.
(17)Kozinets R. V.,“The field behind the screen: using netnography for marketing research in online communities,” Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), PP.61–73,2002.
(18)Oliver, Richard L., “Satisfaction: A Behavioral Perspective on the Consumer”. New York: McGraw-Hill,1997.
(19)Park, D. H., Lee, J., and Han, I.,“The effects of on-line consumer reviews on consumer purchasing intention: the moderating role of involvement,” International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11(4), pp.125-148. 2007.
(20)Rauyruen, P. and Miller, K.E., “Relationship quality as a predictor of B2B customer loyalty”, Journal of Business Research, (60), pp.21-31,2007.
(21)Sanzo, M.J., Santos, M.L., Alvarez, L.I. and Vazquez, R.,“The effect of a buyer’s market orientation on attitudinal loyalty toward a supplier: is dependence a moderator?”, International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 12(4),pp. 267-283, 2007.
(22)Schmitt, Philipp, Bernd Skiera, and Christophe Van den Bulte, “Referral Programs and Customer Value,” Journal of Marketing, 75 (January),pp. 46–59, 2011.
(23)Shankar, Venkatesh, Amy K. Smith and Arvind Rangaswamy.,“ Customer satisfaction and loyalty in online and offline environments.”,International Journal of Research in Marketing, 20(2),pp. 153-175, 2003.
(24)Soderlund,M ,“Custonmer satisfaction and its consequences on customer behavior revisited ”, International Journal of Service Industry Management,9(2),pp.169-188.1998.

三、 網路資料

(1)Wikipedia,上網時間:2014.3.11,“Facebook”,取自http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook
(2)數位時代,上網時間: 2014.3.10,“回首好時光:回顧你的 Facebook 生涯,順道把影片打包下載”,取自http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/id/30995,2014.
(3)數位時代,上網時間:2014.3.11,“Facebook 10周歲,全球用戶12.3億人”,取自http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/id/30952,2014.


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