本研究是以棕櫚籽破碎後分類成棕櫚殼及棕櫚仁，再將其磨碎烘乾後進行三成分(含固定碳)、元素及熱值分析。並以熱重量分析儀(TGA)在2、5與10 K/min升溫速率下高溫裂解，探討在不同條件下熱裂解之動力學、裂解後固體、液體及氣體比例及產物成分分析，並評估作為生質燃油之可行性。
藉由重量消失曲線計算求得不同反應條件下的活化能E、反應速率及建立反應動力方程式，另以比例加總方式模擬比較實驗値與計算值之決斷係數。研究結果顯示，棕櫚殼二階段反應速率為：
第一階段：dX1/dt＝6.6×106exp(-38.67/1.987×10-3T)(1-X)5.23
第二階段：dX2/dt＝8.9×105exp(-26.72/1.987×10-3T)(1-X)3.19
總反應速率：dX/dt=0.46dX1/dt+0.54dX2/dt
棕櫚仁二階段反應速率為：
第一階段：dX1/dt＝5.36×1015exp(-44.59/1.987×10-3T)(1-X)6.08
第二階段：dX2/dt＝1.68×103exp(-15.14/1.987×10-3T)(1-X)1.49
總反應速率：dX/dt=0.88dX1/dt+0.12dX2/dt
棕櫚殼及棕櫚仁的實驗値與計算值比較之決斷係數，都皆為0.99，說明二階段反應模式皆適用於棕櫚殼及棕櫚仁。 
樣品分析方面，棕櫚殼灰分含量較棕櫚仁高，其裂解所得之液體產量(27.06及26.65wt.%)較棕櫚仁(56.2wt.%)低，固體產量則較高，棕櫚仁的可燃分較高，故熱值也比棕櫚殼高。產物分析方面，棕櫚殼隨著溫度增加，其固體產量減少，但氣體產量隨之增加，而棕櫚仁是因可燃分最高(92.9wt.%)，故液體產量最高，氣體則為次之。液體成分分析方面，棕櫚殼在360及700℃裂解主要成分為乙酸(22.25及23.24%)、苯酚(12.79及4.34%)及1,2苯二酚(5.71及26.86%)。棕櫚仁在480℃裂解主要成分為乙酸(19.48%)、聯胺(9.87%)及乙醯胺(6.08%)。氣體分析方面，棕櫚殼主要成分為甲苯(8.74及23.29%)，棕櫚仁主要成分為1-丁烯(22.37%)、戊烷(19.34%)及庚烷(17.68%)。

In this study, the palm seeds were crushed and classified into kernel and shell, and then dried and grinded into powder samples. The physicochemical properties were determined including proximate analysis, fixed carbon, element, and heating value. Thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to determine the pyrolysis kinetics of the samples at 2, 5, and 10 K/min. The yields of pyrolysis residues, liquid, and gaseous products and their components were also determined to evaluate the feasibility of the biomass as a fuel.
The activation energy, reaction order, and frequency factor were obtained by the TGA curves that were subjected to different pyrolysis conditions. Thus the reaction rate and kinetics equation were established. In addition, the reaction model was conducted examining the distribution of activation energies and the TGA curves. The simulated data, calculated by the weighting sum of the different reaction stages, was compared with experimental data. The results indicated that the pyrolysis of palm kernel can be expressed with a two-stage reaction model.
Palm shell two-stage reaction rate:
The first stage: dX1/dt＝6.6×106exp(-38.67/1.987×10-3T)(1-X)5.23
The second stage: dX2/dt＝1.68×103exp(-15.14/1.987×10-3T)(1-X)1.49
The overall reaction rate: dX/dt=0.46dX1/dt+0.54dX2/dt
Palm kernel two-stage reaction rate:
The first stage: dX1/dt＝5.36×1015exp(-44.59/1.987×10-3T)(1-X)6.08
The second stage: dX2/dt＝1.68×103exp(-15.14/1.987×10-3T)(1-X)1.49
The overall reaction rate: dX/dt=0.88dX1/dt+0.12dX2/dt
Comparing the experimental data with that of calculated according to the reaction model, the determination coefficients were all 0.99 for different heating rates. It indicated that the two-reaction model can be used to describe the pyrolysis behavior of palm kernel and shell. 
Sample analysis showed that the ground palm shell dad a higher ash content than that of the palm kernel. It resulted to a lower pyrolysis liquid yields (27.06 and 26.65 %) of shell than that (56.2 %) of palm kernel. The higher combustible of kernel than that of shell, it resulted to a higher heating value. For the product analysis, the solid production decreased and gas production increased as reaction temperature increased generally. The palm kernel dad a higher combustibles accounting for 92.9 %, thus gave a higher liquid and gas fraction after pyrolysis. Liquid products were analyzed for shell pyrolysis at 360 and 700 ℃. The results showed that the main species were acetic acid (22.25 and 23.24 %), phenol (12.79 and 4.34 %), and 1, 2-hydroquinone (5.71 and 26.86 %). Main liquid products of kernel pyrolysis at 480 ℃ were acetic acid (19.48 %), hydrazine (9.87 %), and acetyl amine (6.08 %). For the gas product analysis, the main species for pyrolysis were toluene (8.74 and 23.29 %) of shell and 1-butene (22.3 %), pentane (19.34 %), and heptane (17.68 %) of kernel.

封面內頁 頁次
簽名頁
中文摘要 iii
ABSTRACT v
誌謝 vii
目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究內容與流程 3
第二章 文獻回顧與基本理論 6
2.1 棕櫚業概況 6
2.2 熱裂解相關研究 9
2.3 棕櫚熱裂解相關文獻 12
2.4 生質廢棄物熱裂解相關文獻 15
2.5 動力學基本理論分析 18
第三章 實驗設備與分析方法 24
3.1 三成分分析 24
3.2 固定碳分析 26
3.3 熱值分析 28
3.4 元素分析 31
3.5 熱重量分析 32
3.6 熱裂解實驗 37
3.7 產物分析 42
第四章 結果與討論 49
4.1 樣品成分分析 49
4.2 棕櫚殼及棕櫚仁之熱裂解動力學 52
4.3 棕櫚殼與棕櫚仁熱裂解後之固液氣體產物百分比組成 71
4.4 產物分析 71
4.4.1 固體產物分析 72
4.4.2 液體產物分析 73
4.4.3 氣體產物成分分析 79
第五章 結論與建議 83
5.1 結論 83
5.2 建議 85
參考文獻 86

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