中文摘要
研究證實中草藥中含有改善血脂異常及抑制LDL氧化的有效成分，例如：川芎嗪(Ligustrazine)、丹參酮IIA (Tanshinone IIA)、白藜蘆醇(Resveratrol)、薑黃素(Curcumin)、葛根素(Puerarin)、人參皂苷(Ginsenosides)等，因此，在本實驗中，我們以敘利亞倉鼠(Syrian Hamster)做為研究模式，探討民間較常見的中藥及草藥對於調節血脂的功效，同時我們也以細胞模式(EA. hy926細胞株)探討其抗氧化的機制。
在動物模式部分將敘利亞倉鼠隨機分為9組，分別為對照組(Control)、高脂飲食組(High lipid diet, HLD)、山楂組(Crataegi fructus, CF; 500 mg/kg)、荷葉組(Nelumbinis folium, NF; 500 mg/kg)、蒲公英組(Dandelion, D; 500 mg/kg)、人參組(Ginseng radix, GR; 1000 mg/kg)、陳皮組(Citri reticulatae pericarpium, CRP; 500 mg/kg)、丹蔘+芝麻組(HLC; 200 mg/kg)、茶皂素組(Thea saponin, TS; 500 mg/kg)進行為期6個月實驗，並於實驗期間進行以下分析：血清中總三酸甘油酯(Total triglycerides, TG)、總膽固醇(Total cholesterol, TC)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)、延緩低密度脂蛋白(Low-density lipoprotein, LDL)氧化、肝臟中總膽固醇及三酸甘油酯濃度。結果發現，山楂、人參、陳皮、茶皂素處理組可顯著抑制血清中TG濃度的上升，下降幅度分別達16.7%、20.3%、16.7%、27.3%。在LDL氧化部分，山楂、荷葉及陳皮均具有延緩LDL氧化的能力，其中又以山楂組延緩LDL氧化的能力最好，其次為陳皮及荷葉，可延緩LDL氧化時間分別為56、36.9及34.2分鐘。在細胞實驗的結果發現，山楂、荷葉、陳皮處理組皆能顯著抑制活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)的產生，亦能有效抑制丙二醛(Malondialdehyde, MDA)的生成以及降低DNA的損傷。進一步實驗結果發現山楂、荷葉及陳皮高劑量組皆能顯著提高觸酶(Catalase)以及超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)的活性。
綜合體內外模式的研究結果，發現山楂、人參、陳皮以及茶皂素具有降低血清中TG的能力。而山楂、荷葉以及陳皮能增加大鼠血中LDL氧化的遲滯期(Lag time)，在細胞模式中，也發現具有降低ROS的效果，推測可能是透過提高Catalase和SOD抗氧化酵素活性，進而降低ox-LDL所造成血管內皮細胞的脂質過氧化作用以及DNA傷害。然而，山楂、人參、陳皮及茶皂素可降低血清中TG以及山楂、荷葉及陳皮可抑制LDL氧化的活性成分需再進一步研究。
關鍵詞：三酸甘油酯、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇、活性氧、山楂、陳皮、荷葉

Abstract
Studies have shown that the Chinese traditonal herbs contain effective components that improve abnormal blood lipid and inhibit oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), such as tanshinone IIA, resveratrol, curcumin, puerarin, and ginsenosides. In this study, we used male Syrian hamsters as animal model to study the effect of common Chinese traditional herbs on hyperlipidemia induced by high a lipid diet. Meanwhile, we further used EA. hy926 cells as a cell model to confirm the antioxidant property of common Chinese traditional herbs and the effect on ox-LDL-induced oxidative damage.
The animals were randomly assigned to the following nine groups (n= 4-6/group): control group, high-lipid diet group (HLD), Crataegi fructus group (CF; 500 mg/kg body weight), Nelumbinis folium group (NF; 500 mg/kg body weight), Dandelion group (D; 500 mg/kg body weight), Ginseng radix group (GR; 1000 mg/kg body weight), Citri reticulatae pericarpium group (CRP; 500 mg/kg body weight), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge + Sesamum indicum group (HLC; 200 mg/kg body weight), and Thea saponin group (TS; 500 mg/kg body weight). The results show that CF, GR, CRP, and TS significantly decreased serum concentrations of TG induced by high-lipid diet by 16.7%, 20.3%, 16.7%, and 27.3% respectively. In addition, CF, CRP, and NF markedly increased the lag time of LDL oxidation induced by high-lipid diet by 56, 37 and 34 minutes, respectively. The results obtained from EA. hy926 cells show that CF, CRP, and NF significantly decreased the level of intracellular ROS, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Furthermore, CF, NF, and CRP high dose groups significantly increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD).
Overall, this study found that CF, GR, CRP, and TS significantly decreased serum TG level of Syrian hamsters (P<0.05). Moreover, CF, CRP, and NF significantly inhibited LDL oxidation in serum of Syrian hamsters. In vitro, we found that the CF, CRP, and NF inhibited lipid peroxidation and DNA damage caused by ox-LDL in EA. hy926 cells and that these effects are likely associated with decreased level of intracellular ROS and increased activity of SOD and catalase. However, the active ingredients of CF, GR, CRP, TS or NF still need further investigations.
Keywords: Triglyceride、Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol、Reactive oxygen species、Crataegi fructus、Nelumbinis folium、Citri reticulatae pericarpium

目錄
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………. I
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………. III
表目次……………………………………………………………………. X
圖目次……………………………………………………………………. XI
縮寫表……………………………………………………………………. XIII
實驗架構…………………………………………………………………. XV
第一章文獻回顧
血脂的組成與特性……………………………………………………… 1
三酸甘油酯……………………………………………………………… 1
膽固醇…………………………………………..……………………….. 2
脂蛋白……………………………………………………………………. 2
氧化低密度脂蛋白與動脈粥狀硬化…………………………………... 4
自由基與活性氧………………………………………………………… 5
抗氧化防禦系統………………………………………………………… 6
酵素性抗氧化防禦系統………………………………………………… 7
超氧化物歧化酶………………………………………………………… 7
觸酶………….…………………………………………………………… 8
麩胱甘肽過氧化酶……………………………………………………… 9
非酵素性抗氧化防禦系統……………………………………………… 9
麩胱甘肽…………………………………………………………………. 10
山楂………………………………………………………………………. 10
蒲公英……………………………………………………………………. 11
荷葉………………………………………………………………………. 12
人參………………………………………………………………………. 13
陳皮………………………………………………………………………. 14
惠立青……………………………………………………………………. 14
茶皂素……………………………………………………………………. 15
第二章中草藥對於高脂飲食誘發倉鼠高脂血症的影響
前言………………………………………………………………………. 18
材料方法
動物實驗架構…………………………………………………………… 20
實驗動物……………………………….………………………………… 21
實驗樣品…………………………………………………………….…… 21
飼料配方………………………………………………………….……… 23
倉鼠血清製備…………………………………………………………… 24
血清三酸甘油酯含量分析……………………………………………… 24
血清總膽固醇酯含量分析……………………………………………… 24
血清高密度脂蛋白膽固醇含量分析…………………………………... 25
血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇含量分析…………………………………... 25

肝臟三酸甘油酯及總膽固醇含量分析………………………………... 26
LDL脂蛋白氧化耐受性試驗…………………………………………... 26
肝臟組織切片分析……………………………………………………… 28
統計分析…………………………………………………………………. 28
結果
各處理組之倉鼠體重、臟器重量、攝食量及飲水量的變化…………. 29
七種中草藥對於倉鼠血清三酸甘油酯濃度的影響…………..……… 30
七種中草藥對於倉鼠血清總膽固醇濃度的影響…………………….. 30
七種中草藥對於倉鼠血清低密度脂蛋白膽固醇及高密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度的影響………………………………………………………… 30
七種中草藥對於倉鼠肝臟總膽固醇和三酸甘油酯濃度的影響……. 31
肝臟組織切片分析……………………………………………………… 31
中草藥對於倉鼠血清低密度脂蛋白氧化的影響…………………….. 32
討論………………………………………………………………………. 33
第三章山楂、荷葉、陳皮對於LDL氧化誘發血管內皮細胞-EA. hy926氧化傷害的影響及其可能機制
前言…………………………………………………………………….… 37
材料方法
細胞實驗架構…………………………………………………………… 39
細胞株來源及培養條件………………………………………………… 40
樣品製備…………………………………………………………………. 40
氧化低密度脂蛋白製備………………………………………………… 40
TBARs脂質過氧化測定……………………………………...………… 41
彗星影像分析…………………………………………………………… 42
活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)清除能力測定…………..…… 43
觸酶(Catalase)活性測定………………………………………………... 44
超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性測定…………….. 44
穀胱甘肽(Glutathione, GSH)活性測定………………………………... 44
統計分析…………………………………………………………………. 45
結果
山楂、荷葉、陳皮對於人類其靜脈內皮細胞EA. hy926細胞脂質過氧化物之影響…………………………………………………………… 45
山楂、荷葉、陳皮對於人類臍靜脈內皮細胞EA. hy926細胞DNA之影響………………………………………………………….………… 46
山楂、荷葉、陳皮對於人類臍靜脈內皮細胞EA. hy926細胞活性氧清除能力之影響………………………………………………………… 46
山楂、荷葉、陳皮對於人類臍靜脈內皮細胞EA. hy926細胞Catalase之影響……………………………………………….……………………
47
山楂、荷葉、陳皮對於人類臍靜脈內皮細胞EA. hy926細胞SOD之影響……………………………………………….…………………… 47
山楂、荷葉、陳皮對於人類臍靜脈內皮細胞EA. hy926細胞GSH之影響……………………………….…………………………………… 47
討論………………………………………………………………….…… 48
總結論………………………………………………………………….… 50
圖表………………………………………………………………………. 51
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………. 72

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