臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

空間資訊技術是一種關於處理空間資訊的結構和性質、資料獲取、分類及量化、存儲與處理之科學與技術。草坪植栽是一種常見的環境綠美化手段。而且，灌溉水量是否充足是一個重要的草地維護問題。本文提出以現場便攜式分光輻射計和其後處理軟體收集高爾夫球場草地的光譜特徵。此外，並使用一架無人飛機（UAV），產生球場高解析力航拍影像及三維地形，經由實際測試初步探討了這些空間資料於球場管理與維護應用之可行性及效益。
結果顯示草坪灌溉前後各測試點的光譜特徵具有顯著變化。光譜特徵之變化受到儀器的光譜反射率衰減、土壤孔隙比、土壤密實、及地形效應之影響。此外，對照土壤水分儀測試結果也證實草坪灌溉後的水分含量高於灌溉前，可知運用紅外線光譜技術可偵測高爾夫球場草坪含水量之變化。此外，本文使用eBee無人機進行球場航拍結果顯示出可以快速且高效能地生產高解析力正射影像及三維地形成果。此項結果除了可用來展示高爾夫球場美麗的三維自然景觀，亦可用來記錄高爾夫球賽現場實況，或製作高爾夫球場攻略地圖。

Geoinformatics has been described as "the science and technology dealing with the structure and character of spatial information, its capture, its classification and qualification, its storage, processing, portrayal and dissemination, including the infrastructure necessary to secure optimal use of this information". There are three core techniques, i.e. Remote Sensing (RS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Geographic Information Service(GIS) contained in the Geoinformatics. Moreover, planting grass is a common means for the green landscaping. And, irrigation sufficiency is an indispensable issue in the maintenance of grass land. This thesis proposes to gather the spectral signatures in the grass land of the Golf course using the field portable spectro-radiometers and its corresponding post processing software. And an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), colloquially known as a drone, is used to fast and efficiently produce very high resolution orthogonal-rectified images and 3D terrain data of a golf course. The profit of the geoinformatics in the maintenance and management of a golf course can be demonstrated in the above mentioned studies.
The results show that the spectral characteristics of Turfgrass before and after irrigation were changed significantly on most of all test points. The change on the spectral signatures will be affected by instrument's spectral attenuation, soil porosity ratio, soil compaction, and topographic effect. The results of in-touch soil moisture meter also confirmed that the moisture content of Turfgrass after irrigation are higher than the ones derived before irrigation. Furthermore, very high resolution orthogonal-rectified images and 3D terrain data can be fast and efficiently produced by an eBee UAV. The results show up beautiful landscape views of golf course, and they also can be used to record golf tournament live, or to produce the Raiders maps for the golf course.

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 研究流程 4
1.4 論文章節架構 6
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1 高爾夫球發展歷史 7
2.1.1 高爾夫運動發展起源 7
2.1.2 台灣高爾夫球發展概況 8
2.2 台灣高爾夫球場場地管理重點 10
2.2.1 台灣高爾夫球場適合草種、播種及維護 10
2.2.2 施肥管理計劃 12
2.3 空間資訊技術於農業植物之應用 14
第三章 研究方法 19
3.1 高爾夫球場場地保養標準作業程序 19
3.2 高爾夫球場場地管理面臨問題 22
3.2.1農藥使用議題 23
3.2.2對水土保持之影響 24
3.2.3場地噴灌問題 25
3.3 草坪光譜特徵與土壤含水量變化之關係 29
3.3.1 地物光譜反射原理 30
3.3.2 植生指標之定義 31
3.3.3 草坪含水量量測儀器與操作步驟 33
3.4 簡易型球場三維空間基礎圖資建置方法 37
第四章 空間資訊技術於高爾夫球場可行性探討 46
4.1 運用無人機快速建立球場3D資訊及其應用 46
4.1.1 關西老爺球場3D建置成果 46
4.1.2 揚昇球場3D GIS加值應用 51
4.2 近紅外光技術於草坪保養之應用 55
第五章 結論與建議 60
5.1 結論 60
5.2 建議 61
參考文獻 62
附錄一、高爾夫球場場地保養標準工作程序 66

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