臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

過去幾年，台灣民眾、企業及政府的環保意識提升，越來越多廠商自願採用國際標準組織公布之環保驗證標準─ISO 14001。過去的文獻大多探討通過環境標準驗證對企業之成本、利潤的影響，卻沒有實證研究證實環境標準驗證與勞動生產力之間的關係。

本文以台灣資訊電子業中電子零組件業為對象，採用2001年至2008年共8年的期間，共計59家上市上櫃公司，利用估計平均勞動力的方式來探討環境標準驗證與勞動生產力之間的互動，再估計勞動需求函數以輔助說明。實證結果顯示，在不考慮ISO 14001與各項因素交互作用的情況下，ISO 14001對勞動生產力的影響為正向不顯著，因此推測ISO 14001的實施，會受到其他因素的影響，故進一步將ISO 14001與勞動價格、資本生產力、研究發展經費和廠商特性變數的交叉項加入模型，以釐清各種變數與ISO 14001之間的交互作用。

在考慮交互作用後，ISO 14001由不顯著正向變為負向顯著，但ISO 14001×資本生產力、ISO 14001×研究發展經費此兩項交叉項對勞動生產力有顯著正向的影響，亦即通過ISO 14001的廠商仍須透過提升資本的生產效率、促進研究發展方能提升勞動生產力；此外，廠商在面對眾多股東壓力時，可以增加其生產的績效。最後以勞動需求函數做輔助說明，實證結果顯示廠商通過ISO 14001對勞動需求有顯著正向的影響，可能原因為廠商通過環境標準驗證促使勞動生產力增加，進而使勞動需求曲線右移。

Over the past few years, people, corporate and governments gradually raise environmental awareness, more and more manufacturers voluntarily adopt ISO standards published by ISO─ ISO 14001. Most of the previous literature explore the impact on the cost and profit of corporate when the corporate is validated by ISO 14001. However, no empirical studies have confirmed the relationship between environmental standards and labor productivity.

In this paper, our object is Taiwan's electronic components industry, using period 2001-2008 a total of eight years, a total of 59 listed companies. By estimating average labor productivity to investigate the interaction of environmental standards and labor productivity, and then estimate labor demand functions to help explain this issue. The empirical results show that without considering the interaction of environmental management system and other factors, environmental management system’s Influence on labor productivity is positive but not significant. Therefore, we speculate the implementation of environmental management systems on labor productivity will be affected by other factors. To further, we include the cross-term into model. (ISO 14001 × price of labor, ISO 14001 × capital productivity, ISO 14001 × research and development funding and ISO 14001 × firm’s characteristics)

After considering the interaction, environmental management system’s Influence on labor productivity is negative and significant. However, the cross-terms including ISO 14001 × capital productivity, ISO 14001× research and development funding has a significant positive impact on labor productivity. Imply that the firm adoption ISO 14001 can raise their labor productivity though promoting capital productivity and research. In addition, firms can increase their productivity when they in the face of shareholder’s pressure. ISO 14001 has a significant positive impact on the demand for labor We speculate ISO14001 can raise labor productivity, and thus make the labor demand curve to the right.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機、背景 1
第二節 電子零組件業發展概況 2
第三節 研究目的 3
第四節 研究流程與安排 4
第二章 ISO 14001 標準與文獻回顧 6
第一節ISO 14001標準與相關文獻 6
第二節 環保驗證與員工之關係 9
1.環保驗證與勞動生產力 9
2.環保驗證、員工訓練與勞動生產力 10
3.環保驗證、員工之間人際關係與勞動生產力 11
第三節 勞動生產力相關文獻 12
1. 勞動生產力問題 12
2. 勞動素質方面 12
3.資本累積、資本生產力方面 13
4.研究發展與技術創新方面 14
5.廠商與產業特性方面 14
第三章 研究方法 16
第一節 理論模型 16
1. 勞動生產力函數 16
2. 勞動需求與勞動生產力 17
3.橫斷面追蹤資料估計模型 21
第二節 模型設立與變數說明 26
1.勞動生產力模型之設立 26
2.勞動需求模型之設立 30
3.變數說明 30
第四章　實證結果 35
第一節 敘述統計 35
1.勞動生產力模型統計量 35
2.勞動需求模型統計量 36
第二節 勞動生產力模型實證結果 37
1. 最小平方法、固定效果、隨機效果之模型選擇 38
2. 勞動生產力估計結果 39
3勞動需求函數估計結果 45
第五章 結論 48
第一節 結論 48
第二節 研究限制和未來研究方向 49
參考文獻 50

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