臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

調諧質量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Dampers, TMD)於工程結構之振動控制，經過多年的分析研究與試驗驗證，已廣泛應用於高樓中，且需求日益增加。然而，TMD 的減振效果對於頻率相當敏感，若是 TMD 頻率未與主結構頻率相調諧而產生離頻效應(Detuning Effect)，減振效果將大打折扣。此外，結構裝設 TMD 減振系統時，大部分都是一起建造的，且 TMD 與主結構為高度耦合系統，要正確識別且分離 TMD 與主結構系統的動態參數是極大的挑戰。因此，業界必須具備一套簡易驗證 TMD 系統減振的方法。有鑑於此，本研究建議以 TMD 與主結構間反應的相位差作為判斷 TMD 局部的指標。首先利用理論推導說明相位差與 TMD 局部之間的關係，接著利用數值方法進行不同離頻程度的模擬，證實相位差確實可判斷 TMD 是否發揮功效。最後，再利用變頻式 TMD 系統進行主結構減振之振動台試驗 透過變化不同 TMD，的勁度，可得到不同離頻情況下的減振效果，試驗結果顯示，相位差可正確判斷 TMD 是否有效發揮作用，證實本文之實務應用價值。

After years of analysis and experimental verification, vibration control using tuned mass damper (TMD) for civil structures has been widely accepted and used in high-rise buildings. However, if the TMD frequency is not tuning the natural frequency of the main structure, the control performance will be greatly reduced. In addition, the main structure and the TMD are always constructed together and becoming a highly coupled system. It is hard to identify the dynamic parameters of TMD and the main structure correctly. Therefore, a simple indicator was developed in this study to judge the control performance of the TMD system. The indicator is computed via the phase the responses between the TMD and the main structure. Firstly, the theoretical derivation illustrates the relationship between the phase and the TMD performance. Then, the proposed phase indicator was verified by numerical simulation. Finally, a main structure controlled by a variable stiffness TMD system was tested via shaking table. The test results indicate the proposed method is effective in judgment of TMD performance.

誌謝 .......I
摘要 .......II
Abstract .......III
目錄 .......IV
表格目錄 .......VII
圖形目錄 .......IX
第一章 緒論 .......1
1.1 研究動機與目的 .......1
1.2 文獻回顧 .......1
1.3 本文內容 .......5
第二章 結構裝設調諧質量阻尼器(TMD) .......7
之理論推導 .......7
2.1 結構裝設 TMD 之運動方程式 .......7
2.2 簡諧外力下之系統反應.......8
2.3 結構-TMD 系統之轉換函數推導.......10
2.4 結構均方反應及均方反應比 .......16
2.5 TMD 之最佳設計方法 .......17
2.6 TMD 之簡易最佳化參數設計公式 .......17
第三章 依相位差之 TMD 減振指標.......18
3.1 相位差與 TMD 減振之關係(地震力) .......18
3.2 以希爾伯特轉換計算瞬時相位角 .......20
第四章 單自由度結構裝設 TMD 之 .......22
數值模擬驗證 .......22
4.1 單自由度系統介紹 .......22
4.2 TMD 局部指標計算 .......22
4.2.1 局部指標(TMD 衝程與結構位移) .......22
4.2.2 局部指標(TMD 加速度與結構速度) .......26
4.3 不同 TMD 質量比、阻尼比對局部指標之影響 .......28
第五章 多自由度結構裝設 TMD 之 .......29
數值模擬驗證 .......29
5.1 三層樓足尺鋼結構介紹 .......29
5.2 TMD 局部指標計算.......31
5.2.1 局部指標(TMD 衝程與結構位移) .......31
5.2.2 局部指標(TMD 加速度與結構速度) .......33
5.3 相位差與 TMD 減振之關係(風力) .......34
第六章 TMD 局部指標之實驗驗證 .......38
6.1 變頻式 TMD 系統介紹.......38
6.2 不同離頻效應下 TMD 系統之局部指標實驗驗證.......40
6.2.1 局部指標(TMD 衝程與結構位移) .......40
6.2.2 局部指標(TMD 加速度與結構速度) .......42
6.3 地震作用歷時內 TMD 頻率改變對局部指標之影響 .......43
6.3.1 局部指標(TMD 衝程與結構位移) .......43
6.3.2 局部指標(TMD 加速度與結構速度) .......45
第七章 變頻式隔震系統之主頻追縱振動台實驗 .......47
7.1 主頻追縱方法之理論推導 .......47
7.1.1 希爾伯特能量頻譜 .......47
7.1.2 短時傅立葉能量頻譜 .......48
7.2 試驗結果之主頻追縱探討.......49
7.2.1 定頻系統之主頻追縱結果 .......49
7.2.2 變頻系統之主頻追縱結果 .......53
第八章 結論 .......55
參考文獻 .......57

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