臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來全球暖化的問題日漸嚴重，二氧化碳持續上升，因此濕地對全球碳循環中的碳吸存功能更顯重要。估算生產者的生產量能了解生態系統所吸納的二氧化碳量，即碳吸存服務功能。底棲微藻是沿岸濕地中重要的生產者，但其所具有的碳吸存能力很少被量化。本研究於2011年8月到2012年10月，兩個月一次，從淡水河流域上游到河口設立七個測站，於沿岸濕地退潮期間利用密閉罩蓋法，現地量測底棲生物群集的碳代謝量。結果顯示，底棲微藻生物量由河口至上游測站有遞增趨勢，以五股測站最高，河口測站最低。群集總生產量介於 0.003- 0.016 g C m-2 day-1，有季節變化，夏季高冬季低；群集呼吸量介於 0.22 - 1.16 g C m-2 day -1，春季高冬季低。整體而言，除了挖仔尾泥質測站外，由河口至上游測站全年GCP有遞增趨勢，影響底棲群集碳代謝的因子是底棲微藻生物量、大型底棲無脊椎動物、土壤細菌豐度、粒徑大小及營養鹽濃度。全年群集生產量的收支計算尚考慮底棲微藻垂直移動與潮汐週期之影響，估計為 -216.34 g C m-2 yr-1。淡水河沿岸濕地大型底棲無脊椎動物生物量相較於其他濕地(金門、高美及香山) 較高，細菌豐度相較於受油汙汙染的高美濕地也高，顯示淡水河沿岸濕地豐富的土壤細菌與大型底棲無脊椎動物，造成底棲生物群集呼吸量極高，當地藻類生產量不足以供應底棲生物群集使用。估算淡水河流域碳收支，底棲微藻每年輸出383公噸碳，為碳源系統。

Global warming has become a serious problem in recent years. Carbon sequestration in wetlands plays an important role in global carbon cycle. Determination of the primary production would quantify the carbon sequestration, which could be used to calculate economical value of an ecosystem. Microphytobenthos (MPB) are important primary producers inestuarine wetlands, but the capacity of carbon sequestration has rarely been quantified. This study was conducted every two months from August 2011 to October 2012. In total, there were 7 study sites along the Danshuei River from upstream to the estuary. Benthic gross community production (GCP) and community respiration (CR) were determined using the in situ closed-chamber flux method during emersion along the Danshuei River by monitoring CO2 fluxes in benthic chambers on intertidal sandflats. The results showed that MPB biomass increased from the estuary to the upstream, with the highest value at WG and the lowest at E. Both GCP (0.003 – 0.016 g C m-2 day-1) and CR (0.22 – 1.16 g C m-2 day -1) were higher in summer and fall and lower in spring and winter. The main influencing factors were MPB biomass, macrofaunal biomass, soil bacterial biomass, sediment grain size, and nutrient concentrations. To provide an accurate annual budget of community production during emersion, factors such as tidal cycle, MPB vertical migration and diurnal cycle were also taken into account in the calculations. Annual net benthic community production during emersion was estimated to be -216.34 g C m-2 yr-1, suggesting that the CR of the intertidal wetlands along the Danshuei River was high so that not enough supply of primary production for the use by the benthic community or a system of carbon source.

致謝 i
摘要 iii
Abstract iiv
目次 v
表次 vii
圖次 viii
第一章、前言 1
一、沿岸生態系的重要性 1
二、濕地類型與重要性 2
三、底棲微藻碳吸存能力 3
四、研究樣點背景 6
五、研究動機與目的 8
六、研究假說 9
第二章、材料與方法 10
一、研究地點與採樣時間 10
二、環境因子 13
2.1. 光度 13
2.2. 水體水質 13
2.3. 底質因子 13
2.2.1. 底質氧化還原電位 13
2.2.2. 孔隙水 14
2.2.3. 底質有機物含量 14
2.2.4. 底質粒徑 14
三、生物因子 17
3.1. 底棲微藻生物量 17
3.2. 大型底棲無脊椎動物生物量 17
3.3 土壤細菌豐度 17
四、退潮期間底棲生物群集碳代謝量 18
五、統計分析 22
第三章、結果 23
一、環境因子 23
1.1. 降雨量 23
1.2. 水體水質 23
1.2.1. 水溫 23
1.2.2. 鹽度 23
1.2.3. 溶氧值 23
1.2.4. 酸鹼值 23
1.2.5. 溶解性無機磷濃度 24
1.2.6. 溶解性無機氮濃度 24
1.3. 底質環境因子 24
1.3.1. 孔隙水 24
1.3.1.1. 鹽度 24
1.3.1.2. 酸鹼值 24
1.3.1.3. 溶解性無機磷濃度 25
1.3.1.4 溶解性無機氮濃度 25
1.3.2. 底質氧化還原電位 25
1.3.3. 底質粒徑 26
1.3.4. 有機物含量 26
二、生物因子 26
2.1. 大型底棲無脊椎動物生物量 26
2.2. 土壤細菌豐度 27
2.3. 底棲微藻生物量 27
三、退潮期間底棲生物群集碳代謝量 28
四、退潮期間底棲生物群集年生產量估算 30
第四章、討論 53
一、各測站環境特性之差異 53
1.1. 環境因子 53
1.2. 底質因子 54
二、生物因子與環境因子之相關性 55
2.1. 土壤細菌豐度 55
2.2. 大型無脊椎動物生物量 56
2.3. 底棲微藻生物量 56
三、退潮期間碳代謝量與重要影響因子 58
4.1. 大型底棲無脊椎動物生物量 61
4.2. 底棲微藻生物量 61
4.3. 底棲生物群集碳代謝量 62
五、淡水河流域碳收支 63
第五章、結論 74
第六章、參考文獻 75
第七章、會議記錄 83

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