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研究生:楊瑜涵
研究生(外文):Yu-Han Yang
論文名稱:印度共黨運動的發展與現況之研究
論文名稱(外文):Developments and Current Status of Communist Movement in India
指導教授:陳牧民陳牧民引用關係
指導教授(外文):Mu-Min Chen
口試委員:賴怡忠沈明室
口試委員(外文):Yi-Chung LaiMing-Shih Shen
口試日期:2013-12-26
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:國際政治研究所
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:政治學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2013
畢業學年度:102
語文別:中文
論文頁數:133
中文關鍵詞:印度政治印度共產黨納薩爾派左派政治運動
外文關鍵詞:Indian politicsCommunist Party of IndiaNaxalitesLeftist political movements
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:336
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:36
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
全世界最大的民主國家─印度,也是少數民主國家中,共產主義如此發達的國家。由於國內的族群、語言和宗教等十分多元,加上採取西方議會制度的政治體制,使各地的政黨如雨後春筍般不斷出現。印度共產黨乃其中之一,唯一的不同之處,在於其始終穩坐議會內的第三大勢力。
90年代初蘇聯的解體象徵共產主義的瓦解,正當各國的共產黨紛紛殞落時,印度的共黨團體卻能與時俱進,適時的改良其政策綱領,將馬克思的基礎理論融合印度的具體狀況,創造出具有印度特色的共產主義思想。印度共產黨自1920年成立以來,歷經兩次的大分裂以及國內外環境的衝擊,分成了策略和路線完全不同的兩派,其中一派為採取議會和平路線實現其理念的印度共產黨和印度共產黨(馬克思主義),另外一派則是透過武裝鬥爭顛覆政權的納薩爾派。體制內外的雙重發展,使得印度的共黨運動在衝突與和平的道路上深深影響著印度。
進入全球化的時代後,資本主義擴散到全世界,全球金融市場網絡的建立和跨國集團權力的增加,使國家無法抵抗國際市場的力量,印度也抵擋不住世界的潮流,開始對內進行經濟改革,希望透過國際資本的引進改善國內的經濟結構。印度共黨兩種不同的實踐路線,在全球化的背景之下深受影響,共產黨所組成的第三陣線聯盟雖然依舊是國會的第三大勢力,但得票率卻持續下降,另一方面,納薩爾派卻得到更多人民的支持。本文從1920年印度共產黨的創立開始探討,分析其在60年代兩次大分裂的主要原因,以及至近代後,印共、印共(馬)和納薩爾派的發展情況。
The disintegration of Soviet Union in the early 1990s symbolized the collapse of communism, yet the Communist Parties in India (including CPI and CPI-Marxist) didn’t disintegrate like their comrades in other countries. Instead they continued to win seats in parliament and form ruling coalition in certain states (West Bengal, Kerala, and Tripura in particular). The success of Communists can attribute to their unique strategy: combining Marxist theories with Indian characteristics to create an image as truly social reformers. But in fact the Communists cannot be considered as a single unified group: After the violent clashes in the 1960s, the communist party split into several groups, some committed to the parliamentary road to socialism (CPI and CPI-M), while others undertook armed struggle for seizure of political power (CPI Maoists or Naxalites). All groups claimed to be Communists but their strategies are quite different.
When India began to embrace economic globalization by introducing a series of reforms in the early 1990s, Communists in India also faced new challenges. Today they still claim to be the third largest political group, but their influence has substantial declined. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the leftist political parties in India today with more focus on parliamentary parties including CPI-M and CPI, and ultra-leftist organizations, namely Naxalites. In particular, this paper aims at analyzing the influence of these leftist parties in India today, and sees how they adjust their positions to accommodate the changes at home and challenges from abroad.
圖目次... v
表目次... vi
第一章、 緒論..... 1
第一節、 研究動機與問題.....1
第二節、 文獻探討..........6
第三節、 研究假設..........12
第四節、 研究架構與方法.....15
第五節、 研究範圍與限制.....18
第六節、 章節安排與研究時程..19
第二章、 印度共產黨的創立和初期發展... 21
第一節、 印共出現的背景及發展脈絡.............21
第二節、 印度獨立前後的政治形勢和印共的壯大.....27
第三節、 1951年後的議會鬥爭之路..............34
第四節、 小結..............................39
第三章、 印度共產黨的分裂... 41
第一節、 1964年第一次分裂...41
第二節、 1969年第二次分裂...50
第三節、 小結..............58
第四章、 冷戰後的國內外情勢對印度共黨團體的影響..61
第一節、 印度的經濟自由化改革政策.....61
第二節、 印度共產團體的新思維........67
第三節、 小結.....................85
第五章、 兩條路線的發展..... 87
第一節、 議會鬥爭之路.......87
第二節、 武裝鬥爭之路.......97
第三節、 小結.............106
第六章、 結論..... 109
參考書目..........116
壹、中文部分
一、專書和專書論文
大陸工作會匪俄問題研究中心(1978),《亞太地區共黨》。台北:中國國民黨中央委員會,大陸工作會匪俄問題研究中心。
亢生(2009),《印度 崛起中的亞洲巨象》。香港:香港城市大學出版社。
尤清鑫(2008),〈政黨與政黨制度〉,收於陳義彥編,《政治學》。台北:五南。
文選德(2001),《國際共產主義運動史簡讀》。湖南:湖南人民出版社。
伊薩克著,王逸洲譯(1993),《政治學概論》。台北:五南出版社。
艾里曼(Bruce Elleman)著,李厚壯譯(2002),《近代中國的軍事與戰爭》。台北:時英出版社。
吳永年(2010),《變化中的印度─21世紀印度國家新論》。北京:人民出版社。
沈玄池(2002),《國際關係》。台北:高立圖書有限公司。
沈開艷(2011),《印度經濟改革發展二十年:理論、實證與比較(1991-2010)》。上海:人民出版社。
周言(2011),〈士林的沒落:革命時代的知識人〉。臺北市:秀威資訊。
拉吉.帕特爾(2009),《糧食戰爭》。台北:高寶。
林承節(2004),《殖民統治時代的印度史》。北京:北京大學出版社。
芭芭拉•麥卡夫和湯瑪斯•馬卡夫(2011),《蒙兀兒之後─印度五百年的蛻變,從伊斯蘭帝國、東印度公司統治、英國殖民地到全球最大民主國家的誕生》。新北市:左岸文化。
苗光新(2008),《印共(馬)「人民民主革命」理論與實踐研究》。北京:中國社會科學出版社。
耿向東(2010),《圖解當代中國外交》。香港:中華書局。
張豈之(2002),《中華人民共和國》。台北:五南。
張敏秋(2004),《中印關係研究(1947-2003)》。北京:北京大學。
曹小冰(2005),《印度特色的政黨和政黨政治》。北京:當代世界出版社
湯馬斯•佛里曼(2007),楊振富與潘勛譯,《世界是平的》。台北:雅言文化。
賈瓦哈拉爾•尼赫魯著,齊文譯(1958),《印度的發現》。北京:世界知識出版社。
趙明義(2001),《當代國際法導論》。台北:五南。
蔡東杰(2006),《西洋外交史》。臺北市:風雲論壇。
鄭端耀(2008),《印度》。台北:財團法人兩岸交流遠景基金會。
薩爾瓦多雷著,殷海光譯(2009),〈共產國際觀〉。臺北市:國立臺灣大學出版中心。
羅易(1978),山東師範學院外文系與福建師範大學合譯,〈羅易回憶錄〉。北京:商務印書館。
二、期刊論文
〈世界被抹平了〉(2005),《天下雜誌》,第328期,頁142。
毛悦(2012),〈印度土地改革的結果分析:利益集團的視角〉,《當代世界社會主義問題》,第2期,頁77。
李因才(2009),〈民主政體內的印度共產黨〉,《南風窗》,第24期,頁46。
李西林(2007年),〈印度農業支援政策改革的經驗及對中國的啟示〉,《世界農業》,第10期,頁30。
李登科(1999),〈五十年的「中」、美、蘇(俄)關係〉,《中國大陸研究》,第42卷第10期,頁47。
苗光新(2007),〈印共(馬)在發展中遭遇的問題及成因探析〉,《社會主義研究》,第7期,頁8-11。
時宏遠(2009),〈印度左派的「紅色」天空〉,《南方窗》,第8期,頁86-87。
高子平(2008),〈印共(馬)執政理念研究:以西孟加拉為例〉,《河南師範大學學報》,第35卷第3期,頁74-77。
高鵬懷、宮玉濤(2008),〈印度共產黨的執政實踐與後冷戰時代的策略調整〉,《北京教育學院學報》,第22卷第2期,頁11。
陳明華(1988),〈印度國大黨對穆斯林的政策與穆斯林分離意識的確立〉,《南亞研究季刊》,第3期,頁63。
陳牧民(2009),〈領土主權與區域安全──中印領土爭議分析〉,《台灣國際研究季刊》,第5卷第1期,頁169-170。
三、學位論文
張文賢(2008),《中印關係中的地緣政治因素研究》。台北:政治大學國家安全與大陸研究碩士論文。
曾隆盛(2005),《印度經濟改革與自由化之研究,1991-2004年》。台北:國立台灣大學政治學研究所碩士論文。
四、網路資料
〈中共黨史人物傳(第72卷)〉,《中國幹部學習網》(2013/09/23),http://study.ccln.gov.cn/danganziliao/laobaokan/27712.shtml
〈中國宣導和平共處五項原則〉,《中華人民共和國外交部》(2013/10/14),http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_chn/ziliao_611306/wjs_611318/2159_611322/t8987.shtml
〈中蘇兩國關於締結友好同盟互助條約及協定的公告〉,《維基文庫》(2013/10/11),http://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8B%8F%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6
〈中蘇關于共建超長波電台分歧始末〉《中華人民共和國國防部》(2013/10/11),http://www.mod.gov.cn/big5/hist/2009-07/22/content_4006420_2.htm
〈印度:沿著社會主義與資本主義之間的中間道路前行〉,《鳳凰網》(2013/10/10), http://big5.ifeng.com/gate/big5/news.ifeng.com/history/special/fazhanmoshi/200909/0910_7964_1343906.shtml
〈印度〉,全球台商服務網(2012/06/22),http://twbusiness.nat.gov.tw/countryPage.do?id=10&country=IN
〈印度總理促增加支出改造基礎設施〉,美國之音(2013/11/16),http://www.voafanti.com/gate/big5/m.voachinese.com/a/464586.html
〈俄國十月革命和歐亞革命浪潮的興起〉,《中國共產黨歷史網》(2013/9/23),http://www.zgdsw.org.cn/BIG5/n/2013/0129/c244520-20365444.html
〈背景資料:印度納薩爾派反政府武裝〉,新華網(2012/06/22),http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2010-04/06/c_1219875.htm
〈新民主主義的理論〉,中國共產黨新聞網(2013/10/2),http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/69112/70190/70192/70270/4763924.html
〈路透社:印共(馬)慘敗教訓深刻〉,《新華網》(2013/11/25),http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-05/20/content_11405348.htm
〈選前貧窮人口大減 印度惹議〉,《美國之音》(2013/11/21),http://www.voachinese.com/content/article-20120320-india--poverty-143544326/948192.html
〈蘇共二十大的內外反響和中蘇關系〉,《中國共產黨新聞》(2013/10/11),http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/68742/112510/112512/7151051.htm
〈蘇共領導是當代最大的分裂主義者──七評蘇共中央的公開信〉,《中國共產黨新聞》(2013/10/21),http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/64184/64186/66673/4493708.html#
李東朗,〈斯大林與共產國際的解散〉,《百年潮》(2013/9/24),http://www.eywedu.com/bainianchao/banc2003/banc20030711.html
汪恒祥,〈印度高科技綠色革命的省思〉,台灣環境資訊中心(2013/11/17),http://e-info.org.tw/node/70785
許詠翔,〈37%下降至22% 印度貧窮人口報告遭質疑〉,《新新聞》(2013/11/21),http://www.new7.com.tw/NewsView.aspx?t=03&i=TXT2013073114034518P
陳牧民,〈印度那薩爾Naxalite毛派游擊隊〉,《台灣的印度及南亞研究資訊平台》(2014/1/5),http://www.southasiawatch.tw/detail/599/1
劉焱,〈論周恩來關於人民戰爭的思想理論與實踐〉,《中國共產黨新聞》(2013/11/20),http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/69112/75843/75873/5168817.html
貳、西文部分
一、專書和專書論文
Batabyal, Rakesh (2005), Communalism in Bengal: From Famine To Noakhali, 1943-47. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd.
Brill, E.J. (1971), Contribution to Asian Studies. The Netherlands: Canadian Association.
Chadha, Vivek (2005), Low Intensity Conflicts in India: An Analysis. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Chakrabarty, Bidyut and Kujur, Rajat Kumar (2010), Maoism in India Reincarnation of ultra-left wing extremism in the twenty-first century. New York: Routledge.
Chatterjee, Pranab(2009), A Story of Ambivalent Modernization in Bangladesh and West Bengal. New York: Peter Lang Publishing
Fisher, Margaret Welpley and Bondurant, Joan Valerie (1956), The Indian experience with democratic elections. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Gopal, S.(2008), “The Naxalite Movement: Impact of External Networking,” in P. V. Ramana, ed., The Naxal Challenge: Causes, Linkages, and Policy Options. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd.
Haque, T. and Sirohi, A. S.(1986), Agrarian Reforms and Institutional Changes in India . New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company
Hazra, Amit (2006), Land Reforms: Myths and Realities. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co.
Isaac, T. M. Thomas and Franke, Richard(2002), Local democracy and development: the Kerala people's campaign for decentralized planning. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Jha, Manish(2010), “Human Security Crisis in India: From the Field of a Conflict Zone,” in Malcolm McIntosh and Alan Hunter ed., New Perspectives on Human Security. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing Limited.
Jones, Bill and Kavanagh, Dennis(2003), British Politics Today. Manchester:Manchester University Press
Judge, Paramjit(1992), Insurrection to Agitation: The Naxalite Movement in Punjab. Bombay: Popular Prakshan Private Limited.
K. Damdoaran(2011), “Memoir of an Indian Communist,” in Francis Mulhern, ed., Lives on the Left: A Group Portrait. New York: Maple Vail.
Kochanek, Stanley A. and Hardgrave, Robert L.(2008), India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation. California: Thomson Learning Inc.
Kochanek, Stanley(1988), “The Coalition Strategies and Tactics of Indian Communism,” in Trond Gilberg, eds., Coalition Strategies of Marxist Parties. Durham: Duke University Press.
Minault, Gail(1982), The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mitra, Nripendra Nath (2003), The India Annual Register January-June 1946 Vol.1. Calcutta: Singha Printing Works.
Mukherjee, Arunava (2011), “Naxalite Movement,” in Smarak Swain ed., Social Issues of India. New Delhi: New Vishal Publication.
Nossiter, Thomas Johnson (1982), Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Oetken, Jennifer (2009), “Counterinsurgency in Birbhum,” in Sumit Ganguly and David P. Fidler ed., India and Counterinsurgency: Lessons Learned. New York: Routledge.
Pandita, Rahul (2011), Hello, Bastar: The Untold Story of India's Maoist Movement. New Delhi: Tranquebar Press.
Raghavan, Srinath (2010), War and Peace in Modern India (London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rajimwale, Anil and Nossiter, Thomas Johnson(1982), Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Raju, Yanadi ( 2003), Rayalaseema During Colonial Times: A Study in Indian Nationalism. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre, p.186
Ralhan, O.P. ( 2002), Encyclopaedia of Political Parties - India - Pakistan - Bangladesh - National -Regional - Local. Vol. 14, Communist Party of India. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, p. 209
Ramaswamy, E.A.(1995), “Organized People and Econmic Reform,” in Philip Oldenburg, eds., India Briefing: Staying the Course. New York: ME Sharpe Inc., p103.
Rao, M.V. S. Koteswara(2003), Communist Parties and United Front - Experience in Kerala and West Bengal. Hyderabad: Prajasakti Book House
Ray, Hemen (1988), Sino-Soviet Conflict Over India. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.
Roy, Shukla (1988), Indian Political Thought: Impact of Russian Revolution. California: Minerva Associates.
Sethi, Manpreet(2006), “Land Reform in India: Issues and Challenges,” in Peter Rosset, Raj Patel and Michael Courville, ed., Promised Land: Competing Visions of Agrarian Reform. New York: Food First Books
Singh, Chandrika (1987), Communist and Socialist Movement in India: A Critical Account. Delhi: Shree Hari Printers.
Singh, Mahendra Prasad (1981), Split in a Predominant Party: The Indian National Congress in 1969. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, p80.
Sisson, Richard and Rose, Leo (1991), War and Secession: Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh. California: University of California Press.
Wilson, John and Kaustav, Dhar Chakrabarit(2011), Navigating the Near Non-Traditional Security Threats to India 2022. New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation
二、期刊資料
Borooah, Vani(2008), “Deprivation, Violence, and Conflict: An Analysis of Naxalite Activity in the Districts of India,” International Journal of Conflict and Violence, Vol.2, No.2, p.318.
Franda, Marcus (1969), “India’s Third Communist Party,” Asian Survey, Vol.9, No.11, p.800.
Hill, Ronald (1984), The “All-People’s State” and “Developed Socialism”, in Neil Hardind eds., The State in Socialist Society. New York: State University of New York Press, p.111, p.802-804
三、網路資料
“About Sezs,” Special Economic Zones in India (2013/11/15), http://www.sezindia.nic.in/about-introduction.asp
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