臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今鉛酸電池的使用十分廣泛，然而市售的充電器中，大多數只有獨立充1顆或是2顆鉛酸電池，且充電的時間過於冗長，以致影響充電之工作效率。本論文提出一套具備同時充4顆大型鉛酸電池的電源管理機制與檢測功能，同時進行充電的管理機制，透過微控制器所建構的人機介面系統，除了可檢視充電時多方面的狀態，在充電前加入平衡電池電量機制，避免電壓差所造成的過充或未充飽。電源部分具備緩起動及過載保護，以防止突波訊號燒毀系統零件，減少故障維修的機率。藉由充電電路提供的最佳化管理最大電流與維持電流切換，可避免過充及電量自然流失的問題。經由實驗結果證實，本系統是可以進行4顆大型鉛酸電池同時充電，且充電過程中，使用者能隨時掌握充電時的電源與電池的狀態。

With increasing demand of electric driving power applications, the design of well appropriate power supply to suit a certain purpose is essential. One representative case is the power supply used for a battery charger, particularly in high power supply. However, normally commercial products are not suitable for such a requirement due to large size, complex system, high cost, etc. Therefore, this study proposes a simple high switching power supply designed specially for large battery charging. Based on PWM controlling driver, the high-frequency switching converter can provide DC 60V, 11A using 55 kHz switching frequency. The EMI filter, soft-start, over-load protection are also included to avoid possible noise inference and short circuit. The fast large lead-acid battery charging system using UC3906 multi-state strategy integrated with a friendly user interface is used as a load for testing. The experimental results confirm that the proposed system is feasible and superior in term of simple structure, low cost, and small size.

中文摘要 II
Abstract III
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2鉛酸電池特性介紹 2
1.2.1使用方式 2
1.2.2電池電量與循環壽命 3
1.3專利文獻探討 6
1.4論文大綱 10
第二章 系統架構 11
2.1系統硬體架構 11
2.1.1交換式電源供應器 12
2.1.2充電電路 13
2.1.3即時檢測系統架構 14
2.2系統軟體架構 15
2.2.1開發工具 15
2.2.2系統操作方式 16
第三章 系統硬體設計 18
3.1交換式電源供應器設計原理 18
3.1.1 EMI濾波器與緩啟動電路 19
3.1.2高頻開關轉換器 21
3.1.3過電壓與過電流保護 26
3.1.4 PWM脈衝寬度調變電路 29
3.2充電電路 32
3.2.1最大充電電流( ) 34
3.2.2維持電流( ) 35
3.2.3過充電壓( ) 36
3.2.4浮充電壓( ) 38
3.3即時檢測系統 39
3.3.1微控制器PIC18F4520 39
3.3.2霍爾感測器 41
3.3.3 LCD繪圖型液晶模組 45
3.3.4直流穩壓電路 47
3.3.5檢測電路 49
3.3.6電池平衡電路 51
第四章 系統軟體設計 54
4.1充電前置作業 54
4.2充電模式 57
第五章 實驗結果與分析 59
5.1系統硬體外觀 59
5.2電源供應器輸出結果分析 66
5.3檢測結果分析 68
第六章 結論與未來展望 75
參考文獻 77

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