臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究是利用ANSYS CFX軟體進行遮煙試驗爐之內部流場之數值模擬，分析防火門在常溫與中溫環境下之空氣洩漏量，並探討離心式風機和電熱管對於溫升曲線的影響，本研究紊流模型採用K-Epsilon 紊流模型，網格系統選用六面體網格和四面體網格組成，以建立可與實驗比對並提供可靠的參考結果。
程式驗證方面，以三維空穴流、三維自然對流等，並與文獻之數據進行比對，驗證ANSYS CFX在流場流動與熱傳導、熱對流之物理性質上的可靠性與準確性。本模擬之實際的物理模型是以國立成功大學防火安全研究中心所提供的試驗爐來建立，主要探討遮煙試驗爐流場在艙體安裝測試門扇後常溫時的洩漏量是否與實驗結果符合，以及利用電熱管加熱維持實驗之中溫環境，並探討電熱管與離心式風機對於該流場溫升效果之影響。在洩漏量方面，數值模擬之結果與實驗模擬之結果相當一致其誤差為5%，在流場溫升方面，欲維持爐內的溫度，風機的設計和增加風機轉速的方法有助於提高及維持爐內溫度。

The goal of paper uses ANSYS CFX to investigate the fluid fields in air leakage test furnace. We investigate the relationship among temperature trends and the turbine rotational speed, electric heating pipe temperature. In the simulation, we use high resolution scheme and K-Epsilon turbulence model to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The mixed grid system which combines Hexahedral and prism meshes is used.
First, several test problems, 3-D cavity flow; natural convection; and air leakage test for a plate with a hole, are simulated to understand the capability of the commercial program about the air leakage test. The numerical results are compared well with the experimental data performed by NCKU Fire Safety Research Center. Finally, the flow field and temperature in the furnace are investigated in detailed. We find out that the design angle and rotation speed of wind turbine are very important parameter to elevate temperature in the furnace.

INTRODUCTION
Fires often cause casualties due to smoke and heat. Heat is the most frightening factors. How to effectively control the proliferation of fire and smoke is very important issue. Fire doors are used to prevent the spread of smoke within a certain time. Basically a fire door testing may spend hundreds of thousands. Using ANSYS CFX can predict the performance of door and save. The goal of paper is to simulate the fluid field in air leakage test furnace by using ANSYS CFX. We investigate the temperature trends by changing the turbine rotational speed and electric heating pipe temperature.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the simulation, we use high resolution scheme and K-Epsilon turbulence model to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The mixed grid system which combines Hexahedral and prism meshes is used. First, several test problems, 3-D cavity flow; natural convection; and air leakage test for a plate with a hole, are simulated to understand the capability of the commercial program. About the air leakage test, the numerical results are compared well with the experimental data performed by NCKU Fire Safety Research Center. Finally, the flow field and temperature distribution in the furnace are investigated in detailed.

CONCLUSION
The gas flow is roughly trend by buoyancy and wind turbine design. Heat will accumulate at the right part and are mainly affected by the wind turbine position. We find out that the design angle and rotation speed of wind turbine are very important parameter to elevate temperature in the furnace. In the furnace, temperature trends by wind turbine and heating pipes. Some lower temperature gas was caused by the door and the gas flowing through the electro-thermal tube. The air flow speed is so fast that heating electro-thermal tube can not effectively heating.

符號說明 H
中文摘要 J
Abstract K
第一章緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2研究動機與目的 3
1-3文獻回顧 5
1-4內容大綱 6
第二章 建築用門遮煙性測試流程、基礎理論 8
2-1前言 8
2-2建築用門遮煙性試驗流程 8
2-3熱傳遞理論 11
2-3-1熱傳導 11
2-3-2熱對流 13
2-3-3熱輻射 17
第三章 數值方法 20
3-1前言 20
3-2耦合概述 20
3-3數值方法 22
3-3-1流場統御方程式 22
3-3-2熱分析 24
3-4 ANSYS CFX之操作步驟 28
第四章程式驗證與試體物理模型建立 32
4-1前言 32
4-2程式驗證一-三維空穴流 32
4-2-1三維空穴流之結果比對 33
4-3程式驗證二 - 三維自然對流 33
4-3-1三維自流對流之結果比對 34
4-4程式驗證三 -試驗爐測試開孔石膏板洩漏量測試 35
4-4-1試驗爐測試開孔石膏板洩漏量測試之結果比對 36
第五章數值模擬建立與結果分析 37
5-1遮煙測試試驗爐、試驗門介紹 37
5-2實驗流程與模擬方案設計 37
5-3遮煙試驗爐邊界條件 38
5-4試驗門邊界條件 39
5-5模擬結果與分析 40
5-5-1遮煙性能試驗爐之模擬結果與分析 40
第六章 結論與建議 47
參考文獻 50

圖2-1 溫度觀測點分佈圖 53
圖2-2 原子結構圖 53
圖2-3 熱傳導示意圖 54
圖2-4 牛噸冷卻定律示意圖 54
圖4-1水平中心線Y方向速度分佈 55
圖4-2垂直中心線X方向速度分佈 55
圖4-3垂直中心線X方向速度分佈 56
圖4-4水平中心線Y方向速度分佈 56
圖4-5水平中心線Y方向速度分佈 57
圖4-6垂直中心線Z方向速度分佈 57
圖4-7 雷利數105溫度分佈圖 58
圖4-8水平中心線Y方向速度分佈 58
圖4-9垂直中心線Z方向速度分佈 59
圖4-10(A) 雷利數106溫度圖 59
圖4-10(B) 雷利數105溫度圖 60
圖4-11遮煙試驗爐實體模型(未安裝試體) 60
圖4-12(A) 開孔石膏板洩漏量之模擬模型 61
圖4-12(B) 開孔石膏板洩漏量之模擬模型 61
圖4-13 10PA,T=120SEC,Z=0.575M爐內速度分佈圖 62
圖4-14 50PA,T=120SEC,Z=0.575M爐內速度分佈圖 62
圖4-15 25PA,T=120SEC,Z=0.575M爐內速度分佈圖 63
圖4-16實驗結果與模擬結果洩漏量比較圖 63
圖5-1 遮煙試驗爐幾何 64
圖5-2遮煙試驗爐內部流動方向示意圖 64
圖5-3 補氣孔位置示意圖 65
圖5-4遮煙試驗爐實體模型(未安裝試體) 65
圖5-5遮煙試驗爐之模擬模型(未安裝試體) 66
圖5-6 試驗門扇模型 66
圖5-7遮煙試驗爐之模擬模型(以安裝試體) 67
圖5-8遮煙試驗爐溫度觀測點位置 67
圖5-9(A) 遮煙試驗爐壓力觀測點位置 68
圖5-9(B)遮煙測試試驗爐側視圖 68
圖5-10(A) 常溫試驗速度分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 69
圖5-10(B) 常溫試驗速度分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 69
圖5-11(A) 常溫試驗速度分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 70
圖5-11(B) 常溫試驗速度分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 70
圖5-12(A) 常溫試驗速度分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 71
圖5-12(B) 常溫試驗速度分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 71
圖5-13(A) 常溫試驗壓力分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 72
圖5-13(B) 常溫試驗壓力分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 72
圖5-14(A) 常溫試驗壓力分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 73
圖5-14(B) 常溫試驗壓力分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 73
圖5-15(A) 常溫試驗壓力分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 74
圖5-15(B) 常溫試驗壓力分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 74
圖5-16(A) 中溫試驗速度分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 75
圖5-16(B) 中溫試驗速度分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 75
圖5-17(A) 中溫試驗速度分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 76
圖5-17(B) 中溫試驗速度分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 76
圖5-18(A) 中溫試驗速度分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 77
圖5-18(B) 中溫試驗速度分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 77
圖5-19(A) 中溫試驗壓力分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 78
圖5-19(B) 中溫試驗壓力分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 78
圖5-20(A) 中溫試驗壓力分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 79
圖5-20(B) 中溫試驗壓力分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 79
圖5-21(A) 中溫試驗壓力分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 80
圖5-21(B) 中溫試驗壓力分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 80
圖5-22(A) 中溫試驗溫度分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 81
圖5-22(B) 中溫試驗溫度分佈圖10PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 81
圖5-23(A) 中溫試驗溫度分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 82
圖5-23(B) 中溫試驗溫度分佈圖25PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 82
圖5-24(A) 中溫試驗溫度分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.575M 83
圖5-24(B) 中溫試驗溫度分佈圖50PA,T=120 SEC , Z=0.325M 83
圖5-25(A) 壓力差10PA, 艙體溫度觀測點測得平均溫度變化圖 84
圖5-25(B) 壓力差25PA, 艙體溫度觀測點測得平均溫度變化圖 84
圖5-25(C) 壓力差50PA, 艙體溫度觀測點測得平均溫度變化圖 85
圖5-26壓力差10PA, 風機、電熱管區溫度分佈圖T=120 SEC , X=0.21M 86
圖5-27壓力差25PA, 風機、電熱管區溫度分佈圖T=120 SEC , X=0.21M 86
圖5-28壓力差50PA, 風機、電熱管區溫度分佈圖T=120 SEC , X=0.21M 87
圖6-1風機轉速固定1000RPM溫度變化曲線 88
圖6-2 電熱管溫度固定為650℃溫度變化曲線 88
圖6-3風機轉速固定3000RPM溫度變化曲線 89
圖6-4 壓力與補氣量對照圖 90

[1]Chinese National Standards CNS15038,Method of test for evaluating smoke control performance of doors buildings, The bureau of standards, Metrology and Inspection, M.O.E.A. ,ROC, 2006.
[2]ANSYS CFX, Inc. ANSYS 12.1,2009
[3]陳彥章, 防火安全用防火爐流場之數值模擬,國立成功大學航空太空工程所碩士論文,2008.
[4]杜博文, 循環式防火爐流場之數值分析,國立成功大學航空太空工程所碩士論文,2009.
[5]羅人豪, 耐火試驗爐流場與防火門熱傳現象之數值模擬,國立成功大學航空太空工程所碩士論文,2012.
[6]CEN, Eurcode 1:Action on structures part 1.2:General Action –
Actions on structures exposed to fire BS EN 1991 - 2:2002,Brussels:
CEN, European committee for standardissation,2002.
[7] I.B. Eck , Fans: design and operation of centrifugal, axial flow,
and cross- flow fans,Pergamon Press, 1973.
[8] R.H. Aungier ,Centrifugal compressors : a strategy for aero dynamic
design and analysis , ASME Press,2000.
[9]A.F. Mills, Basic heat and mass transfer,Irwin,UAS,1995.
[10]C. Shu, L. Wang, and Y.T. Chew, Numerical computation of three-
dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation in primitive
variable from DQ method , Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, Vol 43,
pp.345-368, 2003.
[11]T. Fusegi, J.M. Hyun, K. Kuwahara, and B. Farouk, A numerical study
of three-dimensional natural convection in a differentially heated cubical enclosure, Int. Journal. Heat and Mass Transfer,Vol34, 76,pp.1543-1557, 1990.
[12] National Fire Protection Association: NFPA 252, Standard methods
of fire tests of door assemblies, 2008.
[13] UL 10C,UL Standard for safety positive pressure fire tests of door
assemblies, First edition, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Northbrook, IL USA,1998.
[14]T. Ohmura, M. Tsuboi, M. Onodera, and T. Tomimura, Specific heat
measurement of high temperature thermal insulations by drop
calorimeter method, Int. J. Thermophysics, Vol. 24, 2, 559-575,
2003.
[15]International Standard ISO 834-1, Fire resistance tests-elements of
building construction-Part 1: General requirements , 1999.
[16]British Standards Institution BS476, Fire tests on building materials and structures- part 20 : Methods for determination of the resistance of element of construction（general principles）, 1987.
[17]American Society for Testing and Materials Standard : ASTM E152 ,Methods of fire tests of door assemblies, 1995.
[18]National Fire Protection Association: NFPA 252, Standard methods of fire tests of door assemblies, 2008.
[19]JIS A1311,Method of fire protecting test of fire door for buildings, Japan ,1994.
[20]Draft for public Comment AS 1530-4, Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures-Part 4：Fire-resistance tests of elements of building construction, Draft for Public Comment Australian Standard , 2004.
[21]H.H Lee, Finite element simulations with ANSYS Workbench 13, SDC, Mission KS, 2011.