臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，人命安全的議題越趨重視，近期又發生令人遺憾的韓國「世越號」船難事件，更突顯船上逃生安全的重要性。未來在客船內部配置期望能夠將逃生列入一項重要的考量，以防意外發生時的悲劇，正因如此，我們針對船內空間作探討，首先在簡單的空間中進行模擬，找出擁有較好逃生效率空間的長寬比例，並利用maritimeEXODUS軟體模擬分析疏散特性及造成阻塞之原因，並透過重新配置座位、樓梯、走道來提高逃生的效率，試圖利用分流的概念，降低擁塞程度，以縮短全體的逃生時間。
經由模擬結果得知，構型在長寬比為1時有最好的逃生效率；座位部分若改為越靠近出口座位數越少的配置，比起一般矩形式的座位配置，可以有效減少阻塞；走道的設計需要「適量」的增加縱向走道，所謂縱向走道定義為由後排向出口方向移動的走道，透過增加走道數量，可以增加逃生效率；樓梯配置之模擬，在綜合考量樓梯出入口的位置與兩層樓梯之間的夾角兩項因素，模擬結果顯示出兩層樓梯夾角為0度或90度時，逃生效率較佳；擁塞現象的發生，可以透過分流與船員引導的方式來進行改善，或者以時間換取空間的方式來減少擁塞。
未來也可考慮將這些配置方式運用在台灣較常出現之交通船，如行駛於馬公─七美的南海之星，或是較大型的行駛蘇澳─花蓮的麗娜輪，在這些船上做模擬比較，以符合本地需求，並且設法將乘客心理因素加入模擬中，可以讓模擬結果更趨近於現實狀況更真實。

In recent years, the issues of safety received more attention. Especially, a serious accident of Se-wol Ho sinking happened recently. The accident also highlighted the importance of the evacuation of the ship. In the future, internal configuration of ship can expect to be considered an important thing to prevent the tragedy. At beginning, we choose to do a simulation in a simple space, and find out a space what kind of ratio of the length and width which has a better efficiency of evacuation. The simulation software of maritimeEXODUS was used to analyze characteristics of evacuation and cause congestion condition. The efficiency of evacuation can be improved by reconfiguring the seats, stairs, and aisle. In addition to this method, re-route is one of our methods to reduce congestion and shorten evacuation time.
From the simulation results, the space whose ratio of length and width is 1 has the best efficiency of evacuation. In the portion of seat design design, if we set fewer seats on row near exit compared to the general rectangular seating configuration, we can effectively reduce congestion. In the portion of aisle design, we need to increase longitudinal aisles (defined as the back row toward the exit aisle) in appropriate amount condition. By increasing the number of aisles can increase efficiency of evacuation. In the portion of stair design, we consider two elements of stair configuration: one is where the location of entrance of stair, the other is what the angle between the two layer of stairs. The simulation results show that the angle is 0 degree or 90 degrees between the two layer of stairs, passenger can finish evacuation faster than before. Congestion phenomenon can be improved by re-rout and crew guide, or use the concept “time for space” meaning increasing evacuation time of individual but reducing congestion.
In the future, we can try to install this kind of configuration on passenger ships which are commonly used in Taiwan. For example, ferries travel between Chimei and Makung and the larger cruise ship Rera which travels between Su-ao and Hualien. It will be more suitable for local needs to simulate on these ships. And then, to study how to combine the psychological factor into simulation will allow the simulation results more realistic.

摘要 I
Abstract II
Acknowledgement IV
Contents V
List of Tables VII
List of Figures VIII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Literature Review 3
1.3 Research Objective 10
Chapter 2 Research Methods 11
2.1 Software 11
2.2 Population Definition 15
2.3 Test Condition 18
2.3.1 The Efficiency of Evacuation of Different Aspect Ratio of the Same Area 18
2.3.2 The Influence of Tapering Aisles of the Seated Area on Evacuation 23
2.3.3 The Influence of Tapering Aisles of the Seated Area of Different Shape on Square Space on Efficiency of Evacuation 25
2.3.4 Consideration between Number of Aisles and Width of Aisles 27
2.3.5 Different Staircase of Design 31
2.3.6 Simulation of Shunting on People Flow to Avoid Congestion 45
2.3.7 Simulation on Austal Ship 46
2.3.8 Summary of Test Condition 47
Chapter 3 Results and Discussion 48
3.1 The Results of Population Definition 48
3.2 The Results of Efficiency of Evacuation of Different Aspect Ratio of the Same Area 57
3.3 The Results of Influence of Tapering the Aisles of the Seated Area on Evacuation 61
3.4 The Influence of Tapering Aisles in the Seated Area of Different Shape on Square Space on Efficiency of Evacuation 64
3.5 The Results of Consideration between number of aisles and width of aisles 69
3.5.1 The Results of Transversal Aisle 69
3.5.2 The Results of longitudinal Aisle 73
3.5.3 The Results of combination of transversal and longitudinal aisle 76
3.6 The Results of Different Staircase of Design 79
3.6.1 The Results of Ignoring Reality of Staircase Arrangement 79
3.6.2 The Results of Considering Reality of Staircase Arrangement 81
3.6.3 The results of Adding the Factor of 10 and -10 Trim ＆ Heel in Simulation 85
3.7 The Results of Simulation of Shunting on People Flow to Avoid Congestion 87
3.8 The Results of Simulation on Austal Ship 92
Chapter 4 Conclusion and Future Prospects 99
4.1 Conclusion 99
4.2 Future Prospects 102
Reference 103
Appendix 106

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