臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要是以實驗的方式探討正丁醇-汽油混合燃料於四缸火花點火引擎上之性能、燃油消耗量及汙染排放之研究，實驗中分為二個部分，第一個部分使用純汽油與正丁醇-汽油混合燃料(B10、B20、B30、B40)，第二個部分則是使用更高比例的正丁醇-汽油混合燃料(B50、B60)與純汽油，並改變點火正時，探討點火正時及較高比例的混合燃料對四缸火花點火引擎之性能、燃油消耗量及汙染排放之研究。
從實驗結果得到，引擎使用正丁醇-汽油混合燃料，會使引擎傾向稀油空燃比，而混合燃料與純汽油相比有扭力輸出提升的現象； 且BSFC在低轉速有些許的增加，但在高轉速則減少。廢氣排放方面，則可以有效減少CO、HC的排放量，但CO2的排放增加，NOX的排放則與引擎運行的狀態有關。另外，點火正時提前，可以使扭矩增加，且得到較佳的BSFC；點火正時延遲，可以減少HC和NOX的排放量。然而，由實驗結果發現，影響CO及CO2排放的主要因素與λ值有很大的關係。

The study is the way of experiment, which investigates n-butanol-gasoline blends for engine performance, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in the four-cylinder spark ignition engine. Experiment is divided into two parts. The first part is the use of pure gasoline and n-butanol-gasoline blends (B10, B20, B30, B40). The second part is the use of higher proportion of n-butanol-gasoline blended fuels (B50, B60) and pure gasoline under various ignition timing, investigating the ignition timing and higher proportion of blended fuels for engine performance, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions in the four-cylinder spark ignition engine .
Experimental results showed that use of n-butanol-gasoline blended fuels, the engine tends to lean air-fuel ratio and the torque output increases compared with pure gasoline. The BSFC was slightly increased at low speed, but engine at high speed, the BSFC is decreased. The CO and HC emissions can be effectively reduced, but CO2 emissions increase and that NOX emission depends on the engine operating condition. On the other hand, advancing the ignition timing which can increase the engine torque and obtain better BSFC; Retarding the ignition timing which can reduce exhaust emissions of HC and NOX. However, the experimental results showed that the CO and CO2 was mainly influenced by λ value.

目次
中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
謝誌 III
目次 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-2-1 丁醇燃料之研究 2
1-2-2 引擎點火正時之研究 6
1-3 研究動機 9
1-4 研究方法 10
第二章 實驗設備與實驗方法 12
2-1 實驗設備 12
2-2 實驗用燃料 13
2-3 實驗用引擎 15
2-4 控制與量測系統 17
2-4-1 引擎動力計 17
2-4-2 微電腦動力計控制器 18
2-4-3 電腦診斷儀 18
2-4-4 廢氣分析儀 20
2-4-5 點火正時燈 23
2-4-6 引擎冷卻水溫控制器 23
2-5 實驗步驟及流程 25
第三章 實驗結果與討論 29
3-1 正丁醇-汽油混合燃料對於四缸火花點火引擎之性能、制動燃油消耗及廢氣排放的影響 29
3-1-1 空氣過剩率之影響 30
3-1-2 引擎扭矩輸出之影響 31
3-1-3 一氧化碳排放之影響 32
3-1-4 碳氫化合物排放之影響 34
3-1-5 二氧化碳排放之影響 36
3-1-6 氮氧化合物排放之影響 37
3-1-7 制動燃油消耗率(BSFC)之影響 39
3-2 點火正時和高比例的正丁醇-汽油混合燃料對於四缸火花點火引擎之性能、制動燃油消耗及廢氣排放的影響 41
3-2-1 點火正時對空氣過剩率之影響 41
3-2-2 點火正時對一氧化碳排放之影響 44
3-2-3 點火正時對碳氫化合物排放之影響 47
3-2-4 點火正時對二氧化碳排放之影響 51
3-2-5 點火正時對氮氧化合物排放之影響 54
3-2-6 點火正時對引擎扭矩輸出之影響 59
3-2-7 點火正時對制動燃油消耗率(BSFC)之影響 61
第四章 結論 66
4-1 正丁醇-汽油混合燃料對於四缸火花點火引擎之性能、制動燃油消耗及廢氣排放的影響 66
4-2 點火正時和高比例的正丁醇-汽油混合燃料對於四缸火花點火引擎之性能、制動燃油消耗及廢氣排放的影響 67
未來展望 70
參考文獻 71


表目錄
表2-1 燃料特性 15
表2-2 引擎詳細規格表 16
表2-3 Hanatech IM 2400 五項氣體分析儀規格表 22

圖目錄
圖2-1 實驗設備示意圖 13
圖2-2 正丁醇燃料 14
圖2-3 NISSAN Sentra GA16DE 汽油引擎 16
圖2-4 API COM FR-250 動力計 17
圖2-5 MP-2030微電腦動力計控制器 18
圖2-6 Auto Data Scan V70電腦診斷儀 19
圖2-7 IM 2400 五項氣體分析儀 21
圖2-8 點火正時燈 23
圖2-9 引擎冷卻水溫控制器 24
圖2-10 引擎冷卻水溫控制面板 25
圖2-11 正丁醇-汽油混合燃料實驗流程圖 27
圖2-12 點火正時及高比例的正丁醇-汽油混合燃料實驗流程圖 28
圖3-1 各引擎轉速及燃料下之空氣過剩率 31
圖3-2 各引擎轉速及燃料下之扭矩輸出 32
圖3-3 各引擎轉速及燃料下之一氧化碳排放濃度 34
圖3-4 各引擎轉速及燃料下之碳氫化合物排放濃度 35
圖3-5 各引擎轉速及燃料下之二氧化碳排放濃度 37
圖3-6 各引擎轉速及燃料下之氮氧化合物排放濃度 39
圖3-7 各引擎轉速及燃料下之制動燃油消耗率 40
圖3-8 於引擎轉速3000 rpm下，點火正時對空氣過剩率之影響 42
圖3-9 於引擎轉速4000 rpm下，點火正時對空氣過剩率之影響 42
圖3-10 各引擎轉速下之空氣過剩率 43
圖3-11 於引擎轉速3000 rpm下，點火正時對一氧化碳排放之影響 45
圖3-12 於引擎轉速4000 rpm下，點火正時對一氧化碳排放之影響 45
圖3-13 各引擎轉速下之一氧化碳排放影響 46
圖3-14 於引擎轉速1000 rpm下，點火正時對碳氫化合物排放之影響 48
圖3-15 於引擎轉速2000 rpm下，點火正時對碳氫化合物排放之影響 48
圖3-16 於引擎轉速3000 rpm下，點火正時對碳氫化合物排放之影響 49
圖3-17 於引擎轉速4000 rpm下，點火正時對碳氫化合物排放之影響 50
圖3-18 各引擎轉速下之碳氫化合物排放影響 51
圖3-19 於引擎轉速3000 rpm下，點火正時對二氧化碳排放之影響 52
圖3-20 於引擎轉速4000 rpm下，點火正時對二氧化碳排放之影響 53
圖3-21 各引擎轉速下之二氧化碳排放影響 54
圖3-22 於引擎轉速1000 rpm下，點火正時對氮氧化合物排放之影響 55
圖3-23 於引擎轉速2000 rpm下，點火正時對氮氧化合物排放之影響 55
圖3-24 於引擎轉速3000 rpm下，點火正時對氮氧化合物排放之影響 57
圖3-25 於引擎轉速4000 rpm下，點火正時對氮氧化合物排放之影響 57
圖3-26 各引擎轉速下之氮氧化合物排放影響 58
圖3-27 於引擎轉速4000 rpm下，點火正時對引擎扭矩輸出之影響 60
圖3-28 各引擎轉速下之引擎扭矩輸出影響 61
圖3-29 於引擎轉速1000 rpm下，點火正時對制動燃油消耗率之影響 62
圖3-30 於引擎轉速2000 rpm下，點火正時對制動燃油消耗率之影響 62
圖3-31 於引擎轉速3000 rpm下，點火正時對制動燃油消耗率之影響 64
圖3-32 於引擎轉速4000 rpm下，點火正時對制動燃油消耗率之影響 64
圖3-33 各引擎轉速下之制動燃油消耗率影響 65

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