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研究生:王品涵
研究生(外文):Pin-Han Wang
論文名稱:人工環境中疊波蓋刺魚(Pomacanthus semicirculatus)的自然產卵和初期生活史之研究
論文名稱(外文):Natural spawning and early life history of the semicircle angelfish, Pomacanthus semicirculatus(Cuvier, 1831)in captivity
指導教授:呂明毅呂明毅引用關係孟培傑孟培傑引用關係湯政豪
指導教授(外文):Ming-Yih LeuPei-Jie MengCheng-Hao Tang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立東華大學
系所名稱:海洋生物多樣性及演化研究所
學門:自然科學學門
學類:海洋科學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2014
畢業學年度:102
論文頁數:81
中文關鍵詞:疊波蓋刺魚自然產卵初期發育微細構造鹽度
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本研究探討疊波蓋刺魚 (Pomacanthus semicirculatus) 的自然產卵進行一年的調查,利用光學顯微鏡、解剖顯微鏡和掃描式電子顯微鏡電子顯微鏡(scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 描述初期形態發育,並以不同鹽度培育受精卵,期望找出最適合的孵化率和最高的活存率的鹽度,以提供人工繁養殖的重要資訊。本研究的親魚 (雌:雄1:1) 在2013年1月至12月間自然產卵,實際產卵共28天,水溫為27-28℃,鹽度33-34 psu環境下,年產卵量為237×103粒,每日產卵量為117-24040粒,平均產卵量為1100 ± 3554顆卵,年產卵量237×103,受精率為0%-86%,孵化率為53%-88%。受精卵為球形透明之浮性卵,卵徑為0.88-0.91 mm,油球徑為0.21-0.22 mm,在水溫27 ±1℃下,孵化時間為15小時10分鐘。剛孵化之仔魚體全長介於1.69-1.80 mm (mean ± SD=1.73 ± 0.04 mm, n=10 ),肌節數為26-28 (12-13+14-15),單一油球位於卵黃囊後方,肌節上方散佈黑色素胞;仔魚於孵化後 (days post hatching, DPH) 第2天開始開口攝食,口徑大小為191±46 μm;至3 DPH時游泳能力增加,開始往較水深層移動;至20 DPH體表出現半圓弧形的白色橫紋;體全長達18.30 ± 1.82時,鰭條數已達成魚定數 (背鰭XIII, 20-22;臀鰭III, 20-21),進入稚魚期 (juvenile stage)。在SEM下觀察魚卵的微細構造,魚卵為球形,表面光滑不具紋路;壁孔大小一致,均勻散佈於卵表面,密度約為55個/100 μm2;副孔分布於卵門附近,約有250個;卵門孔徑約5.4 μm;仔魚在1 DPH時可觀察到神經丘開始出現,並隨仔魚發育而增加。鹽度實驗分別設置27、30、33及36 psu實驗組觀察其孵化率和活存率,較高的孵化率為30、33 psu(組間無顯著差異),顯著高於其他組別 (p<0.05),較低孵化率為27 psu,顯著低於其他組別 (p<0.05);較高活存率為30、33 psu(組間無顯著差異),顯著高於其他組別 (p<0.05),較低活存率為36 psu,顯著低於其他組別 (p<0.05),此鹽度於1 DPH全數死亡 (實驗結束時間在2 DPH)。結果顯示,最適合的仔魚培養鹽度為30.7 psu。
目錄
摘要
Abstract
第一章 前言 1
1.1 緒言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 1
1.2.1 蓋刺魚科 (Pomacanthidae)魚類 1
1.2.2 疊波蓋刺魚 (Pomacanthus semicirculatus) 3
1.2.3 魚類初期發育之研究 4
1.2.4 掃描式電子顯微鏡 4
1.2.5 鹽度對海水魚類的初期發育階段之影響研究 5
1.3 研究目的 6
第二章 材料方法 7
2.1 實驗設計 7
2.2 自然產卵調查 7
2.2.1 種魚培育 7
2.2.2 魚卵收集 7
2.2.3 產卵量 7
2.2.4 受精卵計算 8
2.2.5 孵化率計算 8
2.2.6 餌料生物的培育 8
2.3 仔稚魚培育 9
2.3.1 餌料供給 9
2.3.2 水質檢測 9
2.4 疊波蓋刺魚胚胎及仔稚魚形態發育之觀察-光學和解剖顯微鏡 9
2.4.1 胚胎發育觀察 9
2.4.2 仔稚魚發育觀察 10
2.5 疊波蓋刺魚胚胎及仔稚魚形態發育之觀察-掃描式電子顯微鏡 10
2.5.1 固定 10
2.5.2 脫水程序 11
2.5.3 臨界乾燥 11
2.5.4 離子覆膜 11
2.5.5 掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察 12
2.6 不同鹽度對疊波蓋刺魚孵化率及活存率的影響 12
2.7 統計分析 12
第三章 結果 13
3.1 自然產卵 13
3.2 胚胎、仔稚魚形態發育的光學顯微鏡觀察 13
3.2.1 胚胎發育 13
3.2.2 仔稚魚發育 14
3.2.3 仔稚魚成長 16
3.2.4 仔魚的口徑發育 17
3.2.5 仔魚的卵黃囊及油球的消耗 17
3.2.6 仔稚魚行為觀察 17
3.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡微細構造的觀察 18
3.3.1 魚卵的微細構造 18
3.3.2 仔魚的微細構造 18
3.4 不同鹽度對疊波蓋刺魚孵化率及活存率的影響 20
3.4.1 不同鹽度對受精卵孵化率的影響 20
3.4.2 不同鹽度對仔魚活存率的影響 20
第四章 討論 21
4.1 自然產卵 21
4.2 疊波蓋刺魚的初期生活史 22
4.2.1 蓋刺魚科的卵徑大小 22
4.2.2 內因性營養的消耗與仔魚初期攝餌的口徑大小 23
4.2.3 疊波蓋刺魚相關研究結果 24
4.2.4 仔魚漂浮期與沉降時間 24
4.3 卵與仔魚的微細構造 26
4.3.1 卵的微細構造 26
4.3.2 仔魚的微細構造 27
4.4 鹽度對受精卵及仔魚的影響 28
第五章 結論 31
第六章 參考文獻 33
表……………………………………………………………………………………..50
圖……………………………………………………………………………………..54
附錄…………………………………………………………………………………..79

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